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1УДК 800
USE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS IN DIFFERENT CLASSES OF PRIMARY
CLASSES
MUSAYEVA LALA QISMET Teacher of the Department of Azerbaijani language and its teaching technology, Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Annotation: The use of interactive methods in primary classes is one of the modern teaching methods that ensure active involvement of students in the learning process, increase their interest and motivation, and at the same time help them better understand the learning materials.
Increasing the efficiency of education using interactive methods in primary classes ensures individual development of students and active participation in the educational process. The application of these methods helps not only to make lessons more interesting and motivating, but also to help students understand the learning process in a more visual and practical way.
Interactive methods enable the application of innovative approaches in primary education and are an effective toolfor increasing the educational achievements of students. The wide application of these methods will lead to positive changes in the educational process and create conditions for better education of future generations.
Keywords: Interactive methods, education, primary classes, modern teaching, motivation
The use of interactive methods in primary classes ensures the active participation of students in the learning process, helping them to better understand the learning materials and increase their motivation. Interactive methods, applied in various fields of education, create conditions for visual learning of various topics.
In Azerbaijani language classes, role plays, skits and group work develop students' language skills and communication abilities. Interactive whiteboards and smart boards allow teaching topics to be presented in a more interesting and fun way.
In mathematics classes, mathematical concepts are taught and reinforced through games and simulations. Practice lessons and joint problem solving increase students' interest in mathematics.
In the natural sciences, laboratory experiments and nature observations provide students with hands-on learning about natural phenomena and processes. Interactive models provide a deeper understanding of the topics.
In history and geography lessons, working with historical scenes and maps increases students' spatial understanding and interest in historical events. Students get to know different cultures through virtual tours and excursions.
In art and music classes, art projects and the study of musical instruments develop students' creative potential. Cultural day events broaden students' outlook by introducing the cultures of different countries.
In physical education classes, games and competitions increase students' physical development and health-related knowledge. Interactive instructional videos teach the correct execution of movements.
Interactive methods help meet the needs of each student and encourage more active participation in the learning process by adapting to students' different learning styles. These methods are invaluable for improving students' social skills, creative potential, and overall academic achievement [2].
Let's pay attention to the examples of the use of interactive methods in the teaching of various subjects.
Involved third-grade students in interactive activities during Azerbaijan language, mathematics, world around us and literature lessons. The tasks were selected in such a way as to develop communication skills and abilities, help establish emotional contacts between students; solve an
information task, since this provides students with the necessary information, without which it is impossible to implement joint activities; develop general educational skills and abilities (analysis, synthesis, goal setting, etc.), that is, ensure the solution of educational tasks; provides an educational task, since such tasks teach teamwork, listen to other people's opinions.
Interactive learning partially solves another important problem. We are talking about relaxation, relieving nervous tension, switching attention, changing forms of activity, etc.
In order to increase cognitive activity, we conducted a series of lessons on the Azerbaijan language, mathematics, the surrounding world and literary reading using interactive teaching methods.
Academic subject: Azerbaijan language
Lesson Topic: "Spelling of prefixes"
Interactive methods: "Decision Tree"
Lesson stage: consolidation of the material covered.
Goal: Development of the ability to identify a prefix in a word, write prefixes always the same way, regardless of pronunciation, write together, consciously use prefixes in speech.
Work format - group.
Task: The class was divided into 5 groups of 7 people each. To complete the task, each group received a sheet of Whatman paper.
Students must make up as many words as possible with the prefixes s, ot, pod, na, u, v, za, ob and write these words on their "tree".
Each group discusses the question and makes notes, then the groups change places and add their ideas to their neighbors' trees. Then the groups exchange and mutually check the completed tasks.
Indicators of cognitive activity:
- cognitive motivation;
- showing interest;
- inclusion in group activities;
- attentiveness.
Lesson Topic: "Dividing soft and hard sign"
Interactive methods: "Cluster"
Lesson stage: Knowledge update.
Goal: development of the ability to determine the role of the dividing soft and hard sign in a word, write words with such spelling.
Work format - paired; the task of each pair in the form of a support diagram is to show the rule for writing the dividing k and k' signs, i.e. translate words into a symbolic diagram. Each pair must give a signal to finish the work. The pair that completed the work first from each row models the diagrams on the board [1].
Indicators of cognitive activity:
- development of cooperation skills;
- evaluation of the progress and results of completing a task;
- building logical reasoning;
- independent creation of an activity algorithm;
- transformation of information from one form to another.
Academic subject: Mathematics
Lesson Topic: "Oral techniques of multiplication and division within 100"
Interactive methods: "Didactic game - Mathematical sea".
Lesson stage: Consolidation of the studied material
Goal: - to consolidate oral methods of multiplication and division within 100, to improve the ability to solve simple and compound problems.
Work format: collective.
The first drawing on the board is an anchor. To raise it, you need to complete the following
tasks:
1. Dividend 30, divisor 6. Find the quotient. (5)
2. Find the product of the numbers 4 and 9. (36)
3. How many minutes are in 3 hours? (180 min.)
4. Minuend 95, subtrahend 5. What is the difference? (90) Problem solving.
- The iceberg is behind us and what awaits us ahead? There is a bottle overboard, and in it is a message:
- And from whom exactly should you guess the riddle. What a miracle - what a miracle: Above - a dish, below - a dish. A miracle walks along the road, Its head and legs sticking out? "Didactic game - Mathematical sea" [3].
Lesson stage: Consolidation of the studied material
Goal: - to consolidate oral methods of multiplication and division within 100, to improve the ability to solve simple and compound problems. Work format: collective.
The first drawing on the board is an anchor. To raise it, you need to complete the following
tasks:
1. Dividend 30, divisor 6. Find the quotient. (5)
2. Find the product of the numbers 4 and 9. (36)
3. How many minutes are in 3 hours? (180 min.)
4. Minuend 95, subtrahend 5. What is the difference? (90) Problem solving.
- The iceberg is behind us and what awaits us ahead? There is a bottle overboard, and in it is a message:
- And from whom exactly should you guess the riddle. What a miracle - what a miracle: Above - a dish, below - a dish. Does a miracle walk along the road, Does its head stick out and
legs?
Turtle
- The Turtle offers us to solve a problem: There were 50 barrels of fresh water on the ship, 6 liters each. 75 liters of water were used. How many liters of fresh water are left?
6 * 50 = 300 liters - total
300 - 75 = 225 liters - left. 6 * 50 = 300 liters - total 300 - 75 = 225 liters - left
What kind of sea creatures can we have at home? (small fish) - Where can we keep them? (In an aquarium)
Aquariums come in different sizes. Let's find the perimeter and area of one side of our aquarium?
- So, you have an aquarium in front of you, one side is 15 cm, and the width is 7 cm.
- Let's find the perimeter and area of the rectangular side of the aquarium! P = (a + b) * 2 = (15 + 7) * 2 = 44 cm
S = a * b = 15 * 7 = 105 cm2 Indicators of cognitive activity:
- showing interest in the process of cognition;
- stimulating independent mental activity;
- developing speech abilities;
- showing interest.
Lesson Topic: "Division with remainder" Interactive methods: "Funny Examples"[5]. Lesson Stage: Knowledge Update.
Goal: To develop practical skills in dividing and multiplying numbers. Work format: group.
Students need to quickly solve the examples and find the answers on the board.
Group 1: Multiply the number of legs on a spider by the number of fingers on a human hand. (8 • 5 = 40);
Multiply the number of months in a year by the number of heads of the Serpent Gorynych. (12 • 3 = 36)
Group 2: Multiply the student's favorite grade by the smallest two-digit number. (5 • 10 = 50)
A notebook costs 23 rubles. How much will 2 such notebooks cost? (23 • 2 = 46)
Reduce the duration of the lesson by the number of days of the week without days off. (40: 5 =
8)
Group 3: Multiply the three teeth of a fish with a mustache by the number of Snow White's dwarfs. (3 • 7 = 21)
Half a ruble is reduced to the number of tails of 10 cats.
(50: 10 = 5) The children in groups solve the problem orally, writing down only the answers on sheets of paper. Then the representatives of the groups also come out and announce their results. Academic subject: Life knowledge Lesson Topic: "Fire, Water and Gas" Interactive methods: "Brainstorming". [4] Lesson stage: Self-determination to activity.
Goal: to introduce students to the necessary actions in case of fire, water supply failure and gas leak; to practice actions in these situations. Work format: group.
Students were given a task by rows. Each group received a word card. The first row is the word fire, the second row is the word water, the third row is the word gas. The students' task is to make up safety rules. Time to complete the task is 15 minutes. Then each row presents its work. Indicators of cognitive activity:
- development of resourcefulness;
- increase in efficiency;
- concentration of attention.
Lesson Topic: "Diversity of the animal world". Interactive methods: "Cluster" Lesson stage: Knowledge update.
Goal: to expand children's understanding of the animal world. Work format: individual, paired.
Let's remember what we know about animals. To do this, individually write down, using a cluster, everything you know on this topic. Exchange opinions in pairs, take into account all points of view and draw a common cluster. Indicators of cognitive activity:
- independence and the ability for self-organization and self-development develop;
- respect for the opinions of other people. Academic subject: Literary reading Lesson Topic: "Azerbaijan Folk Tales" Interactive methods: "Basket of ideas" Lesson stage: Work on the lesson topic.
Goal: to enrich the students' vocabulary, develop attention, memory, and creativity. Work format: group. The children were asked to recall folk tales and write them down on the board. The students were divided into 6 groups and presented one folk tale according to the plan: title, main characters, main idea.
Indicators of cognitive activity:
- development of independence;
- enrichment of vocabulary;
- ability to identify necessary information;
- be active in interaction, negotiate and come to a common opinion.
Lesson Topic: Abdulla Shaiq's poem "Homeland"
Interactive methods: "Write a story"
Lesson stage: Self-determination to the activity
Goal: develop imagination, coherent speech, expressive reading skills; instill love for nature and the Motherland.
Work format: collective.
Students were asked to come up with a story on the topic of the Motherland. One of the participants in the game must say the first phrase, the other must repeat it and add the next one. Work format - collective.
1st student: The Motherland is different for everyone.
2nd student: The Motherland is different for everyone. This is the place where you were born and which you love.
3rd student: Homeland is different for everyone. It is the place where you were born and which you love. It can be small or large.
Then the work is carried out in a chain.
Indicators of cognitive activity:
- Development of memory;
- Development of imagination;
- the ability to listen attentively and hear each other;
- the ability to express your thoughts in accordance with the tasks;
- manifestation of activity and desire to speak out;
- development of a sense of goodwill, emotional and moral responsiveness.
Thus, interactive methods are the tool that allows the teacher to increase cognitive activity, effectively build the educational process, carry out its constant dynamic renewal, more fully develop the individual abilities of students, and also create conditions for all students to achieve success.
1. Anatskaya A.G. Interactive teaching methods. Innovative education and economics, 2011.
2. Kapranova E.A. Interactive learning: conceptual approaches. Bulletin of Polotsk State University. - Polotsk, 2012.
3. Kodzhaspirova G.M., Kodzhaspirov A.Yu. Dictionary of pedagogy. Moscow: ITC "MarT"; Rostov n / D: Publishing center "MarT", 2015.
4. Krivykh S.V., Aristova T.A. Teaching literacy to primary school students by means of speech-thinking activity // European social science journal (European journal of social sciences), - 2012.
5. Reutova E.A. Application of active and interactive teaching methods in the educational process of the university. Publishing house of NGAU, 2012.
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