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28АРХИТЕКТУРА
RECONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE CITY SYSTEM Sergazy D.Y.1, Samoilov K.I.2
'Sergazy Daniyar Yerlanyly— Bachelor of Arts, undergraduate student;
2Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich — Doctor of Architecture, professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, SATBAYEV UNIVERSITY, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the urban territory is the object of multilevel constructive manipulations, the result of which is its specific model, the nature of which is used to judge the quality of life in this city, its sociocultural and style features. The issues of designing urban spaces have always been in the focus of attention of specialists in different fields of knowledge - architects, builders, sociologists, economists, psychologists, etc. A special place in the field of urban design belongs to the public space. Urban public space is the territory of the city, which is a place of civil communications, a sphere of manifestation of social needs and comfortable leisure. Urban public space can be cross-border with respect to zones established by urban planning norms and can be considered as a sphere of expression of social activity and self-organization of residents. Keywords: public space, city system, city, reconstruction, image of the city.
Today, in most cities in the world they refuse to build new public spaces, rethinking old territories. Moreover, such a "reconfiguration" of a place may never end: Time has shown that people's needs change faster than new development strategies are written. As examples, several of them can be cited:
1. SCANDERBURG AREA IN TIRANA, ALBANIA
PROJECT OF THE BELGIAN BUREAU 51N4E, WINNER OF EUROPEAN PRIZE FOR URBAN PUBLIC SPACE 2018
The central square of Tirana, around which the most important buildings of the city are located, including ministries, museums and a mosque, has turned from a traffic intersection into the largest pedestrian zone in the Balkans. Architects sought to make the center pedestrian, open a view of the architectural monuments and return the natural diversity to the city center. An underground parking lot was made for cars here, the square itself was left open, and 12 green gardens were planted around, which soften the monumentality of the surrounding buildings. The shape of the area resembles a pyramid and rises to the center up to two meters. [1]
2. ZOLFEREIN PARK IN ESSEN, GERMANY, GERMAN BUREAU PROJECT PLANERGRUPPE OBERHAUSEN WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF OMA, FOSTER + PARTNERS AND OTHERS
The most beautiful coal mine in the world has turned into a huge industrial park and cultural center with museums, concert and exhibition halls, a design center and a swimming pool. The Zolferaine mine was opened in 1847, and after the war, the buildings remained untouched. In 2001, UNESCO included the entire complex on the World Heritage List. Now the once-isolated zone has become an example of soft urbanism: when a city develops its territory constantly, instead of creating a finished product. Rem Koolhaas's bureau worked on the master plan for the former 100-hectare industrial area, and before that, Foster + Partners remade one of the boiler houses into the Red Dot Design Museum. Paths and lighting serve as navigation here - this is how architects emphasized the history of a previously abandoned place. [4]
3. FLOATING ISLAND IN BRUGES, BELGIUM
DRAFT BELGIUM BUREAU DERTIEN 12 AND KOREAN OBBA
According to the design of the OBBA & Dertien 12 bureau, the border between the street and the canal in northern Venice - the Belgian Bruges - was blurred. In the city, which is under the protection of UNESCO, it is difficult to find a place for a new public space, so the surface of the water in this project was a continuation of the street. Architects built a pontoon on the water, wriggling like a snake. A wall of ropes runs along its center, and poufs and a swing are hung along. Special forms and materials create a feeling of both intimate and public space. This is an ideal place to relax, meditate by the water and look at the city from an unusual angle. [1]
4. MILLER PARK IN CHATTANUG, USA
SPACKMAN MOSSOP MICHAELS + ESKEW DUMEZ RIPPLE PROJECT
This park in the very center of the city used to be significantly lower than street level, which created a barrier between the city hall, the public library and the district court. Architects organized a common space here - cars, cyclists and pedestrians now move on the same level. The adjacent Martin Luther King Boulevard merged with the park and square, and the city center became more accessible to everyone. [3]
The number of lanes was reduced, traditional borders were removed to make the road and sidewalk at the same height, and trees were planted along the roadway. The renewed park was broken up taking into account the opinions of citizens. It catches fast Internet, and also has a semi-open pavilion for events and film screenings. All trees in the park are planted in special cells - with the help of them the plants receive enough nutrition and can take root without disturbing the structure of the pavement. [3]
5. PARQUE 6 DE JUNIO IN QUITO, ECUADOR PROJECT EPMMOP
In this project, architects focused on the social role of the park and tried to make it accessible to all 16 thousand residents of the district. The renewed space has become a safe place where people of any age can relax.
The architects did not build the park from scratch, but relied on existing conditions: natural differences in height became the basis for children's slides, paths were taken along the routes of folk paths, and they also preserved trees and shrubs that always grew here. [2]
6. DOCKLANDS OLD DOCKS RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM, AUSTRALIAN MELBOURNE
Starting in 1990, the city of Melbourne has been implementing a targeted program for the reconstruction
of the Docklands old dock area. The Docklands project involves the construction of housing, offices, entertainment and shopping centers in the former cargo port and container terminals. More precisely, in a vacant lot of about 200 hectares, located on the western edge of the central business district of Melbourne. Docklands is positioned as an area with open public space and high-tech infrastructure. There are many squares, squares, areas for recreation, games and outdoor events, bicycle and pedestrian paths. The area leaves a sense of spaciousness, cheerfulness and at the same time elegance literally at hand at the business City. Docklands consists of nine districts, about a third of the built-up area is in residential areas with a developed system of public spaces. The main advantages of Docklands: the proximity of the center, developed infrastructure, various housing formats, transport accessibility. The project was awarded with an innovative approach to development. [5]
7. CENTRAL TRADE OF TEL AVIVA, ISRAEL
For a long time in the center of coastal Tel Aviv there was no easy access to the city beach: the high promenade along the road became a barrier, so only tourists went there. In 2006, the city administration decided to return life here and ordered the reconstruction of a two-kilometer stretch between the sandy shore and the road.
In the same year, the renewal of the embankment was completed: access to the coast became convenient and accessible for everyone. The roofs of the old beach houses turned into welcoming balconies overlooking the sea, there appeared terraces where you can sit and hide from the sun. In this transition zone, clerks in business suits and vacationers in swimsuits are walking at the same time: this is not a beach, but not a city street. Already 9 million people have visited the new promenade, including tourists and locals. And this is a big figure, because the population of all of Israel is slightly less than 9 million. [6]
Among the maritime cities of the countries of the former Soviet Union, the experience of organizing public spaces in the city of Baku (Azerbaijan) is of considerable interest. The city is characterized by a unique natural landscape situation in the form of a natural amphitheater framed by mountains. This bright natural sub-basis to a large extent predetermined not only the structure of the city itself, but also the structure of its public spaces. In recent years, a new master plan has been implemented in Baku, it was based on an extensive program for the reconstruction of the central part of the city, which has already led to quite interesting results, including in the field of organizing public spaces (the study of this experience in kind was carried out by the authors in 2014. ) In the system of public spaces in Baku, several large structural elements are distinguished, one of the most important is Primorsky Boulevard. The space of Primorsky Boulevard smoothly bends along the horseshoe-shaped bay, it is saturated with many cultural and recreational facilities, outdoor areas for recreation, games, entertainment, sports, as well as fountains and green spaces. [2] Walking along the Seaside Boulevard, you can climb the funicular to get to the territory of the Nagorny Park, which also represents a developed system of open public spaces. An expressive panorama of the Baku bay and the city opens from here. This place has long been the most significant from the point of view of a holistic perception of the whole city; here is the most spectacular viewpoint of the city of Baku. At the same time, it should be noted that there is some hypertrophy in the scale of these spaces, an excessive "splendor" and pompous compositional techniques and materials used. This contrast is especially noticeable when comparing the public spaces of the Nagorny Park and the public spaces of the reconstructed historical center of Baku. The public spaces of the historical center are characterized by a developed structure, scale, harmonious color scheme, intimacy and comfort. Scenography of space attracts attention with unexpected twists and contrasts, the alternation of enclosed spaces and the breadth of open views of the city. These spaces are also characterized by multifunctionality, a diverse life pulsates in them, here houses and objects of trade, food, culture are organically combined. Another modern original public space in Baku, which was at the stage of formation, is the space around the newly built center of Heydar Aliyev, designed by Z. Hadid. The center building and the surrounding space have two forms of perception: dynamic perception in motion from the
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surrounding complex of highways and a more static "pedestrian" perception. But in both cases, the Heydar Aliyev Center is the culmination in the scenography of this space. This unusual object, having an original dynamic, curvilinear, fluid form, completely unconventionally formats urban space and perception. [7]
References
1. Kuzubova YU.A., Smelovskaya A.M., Erysheva E.A. Osobennosti rekonstrukcii neispol'zuemyh promyshlennyh zdanij pod obshchestvennoe prostranstvo //Novye idei novogo veka: materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii FAD TOGU. Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego obrazovaniya" Tihookeanskij gosudarstvennyj universitet", 2016. T. 2. S. 154-160.
2. Zakirova YU.A. Formirovanie modelej-prototipov obshchestvennyh peshekhodnyh prostranstv //Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. 2012. №. 3 (21).
3. Moor Valerij Kliment'evich, Erysheva Elena Andreevna Sovremennye tendencii i opyt sozdaniya effektivnoj sistemy obshchestvennyh prostranstv goroda // Vestnik ISH DVFU. 2015. №3 (24). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennye-tendentsii-i-opyt-sozdaniya-effektivnoy-sistemy-obschestvennyh-prostranstv-goroda (data obrashcheniya: 23.01.2020).
4. CHuj YA.V. Razvitie obshchestvennyh prostranstv v gorodah Germanii //Architecture and Modern Information Technologies. 2017. №. 2 (39).
AN ANALOG OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS
OF HOTELS Aydar Yе.1, Mayorov S.M.2, Samoilov K.I.3
'Aydar Yerasyl - Bachelor of Arts, Post Graduate Student;
2Mayorov Sergey Meirambekovich - Candidate of Architecture, Professor;
3Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich - Doctor of Architecture, Professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, SATBAYEV UNIVERSITY, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius believed that architecture is a combination of three components - utility, strength and beauty. This formula remains modern today. A harmonious combination of functional, constructive and aesthetic factors results in not just a building, but a work of architecture that reflects the characteristics of its era. Being a product of the synthesis of art and technology, architecture has always been a reflection of the economic situation in society, responsive to social orders and technological progress. The appearance of certain types of architectural structures has always been determined by the social order and national characteristics of the country, the system of religious beliefs and folk traditions. Keywords: hotel, architecture, rooms.
UDC 72.0' (574)
Architectural and planning organization of hotel structures. An important factor of their functioning, the features of architecture, much more clearly than the planning of hotel structures, significantly distinguishes them from the structures of other functional profiles.
The architecture of the hotel to a certain extent acts as a factor of its self-promotion. Individual hotels are known all over the world for their originality of architecture expressed in the form of structures, facade decoration, height of the building, use of building materials — one of the highest in Europe hotel "Westin Rotterdam" (Netherlands), hotel "Royal Olympic Hotel" (Greece) with terraces on the glass facade with plantings of ornamental trees, etc. At the same time, architectural features play the role of a cultural and aesthetic factor in the development of the territory, the construction of the hotel harmoniously complements the local architectural flavor or creates an architectural contrast to the local architectural planning and a certain aesthetic discomfort.
Modern hotels differ in their purpose, capacity, number of floors, type of structures, comfort level, operating mode (year-round, seasonal), location (city, resort, etc.), and other characteristics. All these factors are taken into account when designing and affect the composition of the hotel premises, architectural and planning structure of the building, etc. The main characteristics of hotels: capacity, number of floors, purpose and comfort level [1].
