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18arme Leute, aber nicht einfach wie die Hunde behandeln, wenn es in der Familie einen Todesfall gibt. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, die Tiernamen anstelle Personen zu gebrauchen, ist auch eine metonymische Übertragung. Und durch diese Stilfiguren bewirken die Aussagen mehr anschaulich.
«Da haben wir nicht ein Stück Vieh, sondern ein Stück Sorge eingekauft um unser Geld» Seite 18
«Molmas, g'irt tashvish sotib olgan ekanmiz o'z pulimizga»
Hier das Abstraktum „Sorge" beschreibt die Kuh. Hinter metonymischen Erscheinungen steht es Lebewesen. Diese Sprachbilder machen die Darstellungen expressiver.
«Ich habe sie weiterverkauft, als sie wieder ein bisschen auf den Beinen war » Seite 18
«Sal o'ziga kelgandan keyin sottirib yubordim» Der Ausdruck "auf den Beinen sein" bedeutet „munter und aktiv, beschäftigt sein; in stehender Position oder im Gehen Arbeit verrichten". Das Nomen „das Bein" hat im engeren Verhältnis zu den Sinnen „gesund, munter und aktiv sein". Man bemerkt, der Zustand (gesund, munter und aktiv zu sein) ist auf den Körperteil übertragen. Z.B. Man kann noch hier einen weiteren Beispiel anführen: Wenn man im Büro jemandem so was sagt: „Du bist meine rechte Hand". Es heißt: Man verlässt sich immer auf ihn und er ist sein wichtiger Mitarbeiter, arbeitet eng mit ihm zusammen. Wenn man auf die Arbeit geht, erledigen die Hände vieles. Der Begriff „die Hand" assoziert hier jemanden, der gern und allerbesten die Arbeit macht.
Tropen wie Metapher und Metonymie sind die Wege der Bereicherung des Wortbestandes. In der Sprachwissenschaft heißt es Bedeutungswandel, d.h. die Veränderung der Bedeutung schon existierender Wörter. Man hat in diesem Artikel metonymische Übertragungen unter die Lupe genommen und diese stilististischen Figuren auf induktive Weise analysiert. Zum Schluss kann man behaupten, Metonymie macht die Sprache emotioneller und expressiver, schafft neue Bedeutungen. Im weiteren Schritt unserer Arbeit können Sie noch mehr interessante Beispiele mit metonymischen Erscheinungen betrachten.
Literaturverzeichnis
1. Uchqun Nazarov. Chazon yili, G'afur G'ulom nomidagi Adabiyot va san'at nashriyoti, Toshkent 1990.
2. Uchqun Nazarov (Übersetzerin Ingeborg Baldauf).Das Jahr des Skorpions, der deutschsprachige Ausgabe: J & D Dag'yeli Verlag GmbH, Berlin 2018.
3. A. Iskos, A.Lenkowa. Deutsche Lexikologie, издательство «Просвещение» ленинградское отделение, Ленинград 1970.
4. E. Riesel, E. Schendels. Deutsche Stilistik, Verlag Hochschule, Moskau 1975
5. Professor Dr. Dieter Götz, Professor Dr. Günther Haensch, Professor Dr.Hans Wellmann. Langenscheidt Großwörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache, Langenscheidt Verlag, München 2008.
PHONETIC INTERFERENCE IN ACQUIRING THE KOREAN LANGUAGE
Jumaniyazova F.I.
Teacher of Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the analysis of phonetic interference in the acquisition of the Korean language as well as the phonological characteristics of consonant and vowel systems.
Keywords: phonetic interference, phonological characteristics, consonant and vowel systems.
The problem of interference remains relevant in the study of a foreign language, and there are several factors which contribute to its emergence. Interference occurs as a result of the negative interaction of two languages, leading to a distortion of words, sounds, and the whole structure of one of the languages. This article examines the phonetic mistakes made which cause interference while learning the Korean language.
Phonetic interference is understood as a violation or distortion of the secondary linguistic system and its norms as a result of the interaction in the speaker's mind of phonetic systems and pronunciation norms of two and sometimes more languages, manifested through the interference of pronunciation skills formed on the basis of a database of interacting systems. [1] Phonetic interference is seen in errors that distort the sound form and meaning of a word.
During the study of any foreign language, one has to face the problems of differences not only in grammar and vocabulary, but also in the phonological structure of the language.
The Korean language differs from other Asian and European because its syllabic structure is complex. This syllabic structure is why many students if the Korean language experience difficulties in learning the sound structure. Studying the phonology system, followed by mastering the pronouncing of sounds while adhering to phonetic rules, is shown to be beneficial in mastering the Korean language.
The Korean sound system differs from English or any other European language in that Korean does not have the division of affricates and plosive consonants into voiceless and voiced.
The Korean language emphasizes the opposition of three rows of consonants - weak ("tense" or "even")
—, aspirated ("ascyriated") h,e,^,= and strong ("tense", "glottalized") hh,ti,i:c,*j.
In the articulation of consonants at the beginning of the word, the weak consonants in the initial position are pronounced as voiceless consonants with a slight aspiration lasting about 30-50 milliseconds, and aspirated consonants are pronounced as strongly aspirated voiceless consonants (aspiration lasts about 100 milliseconds). In English, the aspiration of voiceless consonants takes about 70-85 milliseconds, which leads to the fact that English speakers are often unable to distinguish between Korean weak and aspirated consonants. Strong consonants with their more intense articulation resemble the voiceless p, t, h of English or Italian.
Many foreigners learning Korean tend not to notice the difference in the pronunciation of weak, aspirated and plosive consonants, since there are no alternatives in their native language, and therefore, during listening, it is often challengeable to distinguish these three types of consonants. Compare examples:
sh (tal) - moon ^ (thal) - mask s (t'al) - daughter
These words are completely different in meanings and have nothing in common with each other. However, non-Korean speakers can misunderstand them and pronounce in an incorrect way, which can be wrongly comprehended by native Korean speakers.
The most distinctive contrast between Korean and English is associated with consonant clusters.
The Korean phonetic syllable structure is of the form (C)(G)V(C) which consists of only one optional consonant (C) and one optional glide or semivowel (G) in the initial position, and one optional consonant in word-final position. A vowel (V) is the only obligatory element in the Korean phonetic syllable structure [3, p 167]. Due to the influence of this phonetic syllable structure, Korean speakers tend to insert a vowel [i] when they pronounce words including consonant clusters. For instance, the single-syllable English word "strike'' is borrowed as a four-syllable word
[si-th i-lai-khii] [3, p 167]
The difficulties in acquiring the Korean language lie in the originality and unique qualities of its phonological system, which is difficult for English-speaking learners to perceive, thus, it frequently becomes the foremost reason of phonetic interference.
References
1. Phonetic interference and foreign accent in teaching Russian pronunciation.
2. Korean language, Lee Iksop, Lee Sanhok, Choe Wang; Moscow, 2005.
3. Characteristics of Korean phonology: Review, tutorial, and case studies of Korean children speaking English, Seunghee Ha, Cynthia J. Johnson , David P. Kuehn
PERCEPTION OF LITERARY HERITAGE OF MUKHTAR AUEZOV IN GERMANY
Mashakova A.K.
PhD Philology, M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Abstract
The article deals with the perception of the creative writings of the famous Kazakh writer of the XX century Mukhtar Auezov in Germany. It is determined that receptive sources on the creative writings of Mukhtar Auezov cover both stages of foreign reception of the Kazakh literature: the Soviet period and the period of independence of Kazakhstan. It focuses on the process of translating his prose works into German. The authors of the reviews on the appearance of these publications in the German press have been identified. The articles of German researchers on the creative writings of Mukhtar Auezov in scientific journals are considered. The following factors that are the characteristic features of the perception process of the literary heritage of Mukhtar Auezov in Germany have been outlined: his professional trips around the world and personal contacts with foreign writers, poets and literary critics.
Keywords: Kazakh literature, Mukhtar Auezov, Germany, literary translation, foreign perception.
One of the outstanding classics of the Kazakh literature, writer, playwright, publicist, scientist and public figure Mukhtar Auezov is the most important figure in the history of the Kazakh literature. His active creativity had a huge impact on the development of modern Kazakh prose, drama, and literary criticism. Mukhtar Auezov gained a worldwide fame since the middle of the XX century, when for the first time the epic novel "The Path of Abai" has been translated into foreign languages.
In Berlin, a novel-dilogy which is dedicated to Abai Kunanbayev appeared in 1958 and 1961 under the title "Before The Dawn" and "Over Time". Both volumes were translated from Russian, and the translation into Russian was performed by four translators under the general supervision of Leonid Sobolev. The translators of the first book from Russian into German was Hilda Angarova, and Ruprecht Vilnov of the second book (the poet Wilhelm Tkachuk helped him to translate the poems). Both volumes were illustrated by graphic artist Bert Heller. Numerous colorful scenes,
