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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-115-119
Pedagogical basis of physical culture-sports activity organization among 1517 year-old boys in order to prevent delinquency
Yuriy M. Postnov*
IN. Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-5535-109X, [email protected]
Abstract: Physical and moral health of the oncoming generation provision is the most important duty of society and the state in general. The existing system of physical upbringing among schoolchildren doesn't cope with the set objectives of conditions creation for many-sided development, vital motor abilities and skills, moral-volitional and motor-coordinating qualities formation. Formalistic approach to teaching and upbringing at comprehensive school led to the increase of young people with deviant behavior. Materials. In the article we experimentally test the created methodology of psychological-pedagogical influence on boys with deviant behavior. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and scientific-methodical sources systematization, testing, conversation, survey; motor tasks creation, directed toward moral-volitional and ethic qualities demonstration; the training lessons with the elements of football, boxing, wrestling, volleyball, fitness; methodical support of volunteers, pedagogical experiment. Results. We created the methodology of the need formation for physical culture-sports and labor activity among 15-17 year-old boys. This methodology includes educational, health-improving and upbringing measures. Periodically we controlled their behavior and progress in studies. We managed to form a steady interest in sports lessons among the representatives of the experimental group; training lessons attendance was stable; discipline in sports club, outdoors and at school improved. Progress in studies improved among those, who attended the sports club regularly from 2,92 points to 3,42, the average mark for behavior increased from 2,60 to 3,45 points. Discipline violation level decreased by 38,5%, lessons missing level decreased by 43,9%. Parents mentioned positive tendency in their children's attitude to duties, studies, household work. Conclusion. Physical culture-sports activity organization among 15-17 year-old boys in order to prevent delinquency turned out to be an effective direction of their successful socialization, moral-volitional and ethic qualities upbringing, socially important attitude to environment formation.
Keywords: 15-17 year-old boys, deviant behavior, physical culture-sports activity.
For citation: Yuriy M. Postnov*. Pedagogical basis of physical culture-sports activity organization among 15-17 year-old boys in order to prevent delinquency. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 91-94. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-115-119.
INTRODUCTION within a school [5,6]. Physical culture lessons at
Physical and moral health of the oncoming school are not interesting for average age and senior
generation provision is the most important duty of schoolchildren. They prefer some definite kinds
society and the state in general. The existing system of sport: boxing, football, tennis and other kinds
of physical upbringing among schoolchildren of sport with their training effects. It conditions
doesn't cope with the set objectives of conditions the situation when 15-17 year-old boys attend
creation for many-sided development, vital motor extracurricular training-competitive environment.
abilities and skills, moral-volitional and motor- The objectivity of this process is proved by the fact
coordinating qualities formation. According to that 84,6% of schoolchildren in America attend
lifetime the population of Russia is in the list of extracurricular sports clubs. the first 50 states, regardless of the fact that almost Physical culture-sports activity has greater
75% of diseases start to develop during childhood opportunities for health improvement. Rational
[1,2,3,4]. The specialists stated that one school muscle load, taking into account age, physical fitness
physical culture lesson provides 12 minutes of motor and other individual characteristics stimulates
activity that is why it is impossible to get better effect respiratory and cardiovascular systems, improves
metabolism; provides locomotor apparatus strengthening and activates cognitive processes.
Physical culture and sport means together with natural factors provide organism hardening, various motor-coordinating qualities development, which considerably condition motor activity of children and teen-agers [7].
Physical culture and sport are effective ways of physical and psycho-emotional state correction. Taking part in team kinds of sport brings up discipline, responsibility and independence.
These health-improving, educational and upbringing functions of physical culture and sport find more effective ways of realization, in terms of complete understanding the peculiarities of behavior and activity of young people from one-parent and disadvantaged families, concerning the problems of delinquency prevention:
- low self-assessment of intellectual and motor-coordinating qualities development;
- lack of self-confidence;
- self-affirmation by means of aggressive, provoking behavior at school;
- distorted notion of spiritual-moral values;
- aggression, intolerance toward the opinion of other people;
- burning sense of right and wrong;
- the use of external attributes, which underline independence.
Regardless of the fact that physical culture-sports activity has great opportunities for health improvement, boys' behavior correction, the existing system of physical upbringing doesn't provide physical culture and sport great humanitarian and social-cultural potential realization. In the opinion of V.I. Stolyarov (1997) one of the reasons for the existing situation is underestimation of psychological-pedagogical techniques of physical culture health-improving and sports-mass activity organization. Apart from that the chief structures underestimate the importance of physical culture and sport for educational-upbringing control and for health state improvement among young people, for their culture of life increase.
The aim of the present research work is in theoretical substantiation of physical culture and sport activity role as a powerful means of
delinquency prevention among 15-17 year-old boys.
The objectives of the research: 1. To reveal individual characteristics of those, who train and psychological-pedagogical techniques of their involvement into physical culture and sport lessons. 2. To create the methodology of the need for physical culture - sport and labor activity formation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Analyzing the results of the research works by I.G. Gerasimov (2008), M.N. Zhukov (2005), L.D. Nazarenko, E.A. Anisimova (2014) and others we revealed the following psychological-pedagogical techniques of children and teen-agers involvement into physical culture -sports activity:
- different conditions creation for those, who train (general rules and demands; the same physical exercises and games; dosage, evaluation criteria of the activity);
- friendly, respectful atmosphere during the lessons provision;
- the level of motor-coordinating qualities development regulation in order to reveal positive dynamics of physical fitness indices as one of the stimuli for going in for physical culture and sport at place of residence;
- systematic character and emotionality of the training lessons;
- taking into account boys' biological need for motor activity;
- creating the situations; realizing oneself as a clever, strong and dexterous person;
- positive estimation of the respondents' activity during the training lesson or a game even for no serious reason.
In order to check the effectiveness of created by us methodology we carried out the pedagogical experiment. 16 schoolboys of the 10th -11th forms and 22 students of Building College took part in the experiment. Two groups were organized: the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG), each group included 19 people. Schoolchildren from the CG had physical exercises according to school program and also had independent lessons in an ordinary, random order 2-3 or 4-5 times a week. In the experimental group the training lessons were held every day (Monday-Friday) since 14.30
till 16.00 under the supervision of an instructor. Every lesson the elements of different sports games: football, basketball, volleyball; outdoor games of the average and above the average intensity with the running, jumping and throwing exercises; game and competitive elements were used.
The created by us methodology of the need formation for physical culture-sports and labor activity among 15-17 year-old boys was based on psychological-pedagogical techniques, the realization of which provided a steady, realized interest formation in street physical culture and sport.
Before the pedagogical experiment we organized a test in order to reveal the initial level of physical readiness. Moreover, conversations with the supervising teachers and school teachers revealed the state of progress, discipline level and the peculiarities of senior schoolchildren's behavior.
The received results analysis didn't reveal the existing differences according to all indices of physical fitness among the respondents from CG and EG (p>0,05). During the pedagogical experiment in terms of forming the habit of the organized physical culture and sport lessons senior schoolchildren from the EG independently made goalposts (using the trees and constructions on the yard territory) and a wooden bar for pulling-up and other power oriented exercises fulfillment; a sandpit; area for stuffed ball throwing (weight 1 kg) and other things.
Built by boys and a coach -instructor sports equipment and apparatuses were actively used during the training lessons in order to solve a complex of different objectives. After two months of regular lessons there appeared the question of discipline, which interested all respondents, as a timely, organized beginning of the training lessons, the amount of time for different kinds of physical exercises and games depended on the attitude of schoolchildren to the lessons.
Gradually the status leader was adopted as the head of the team.
The results of monthly control examination of physical fitness in the EG were registered by a coach in a special register. Teen-agers informed the coach about the state of their progress in studies, discipline violation themselves. The received
information was periodically checked by a coach during the conversation with supervising teachers and other teachers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that the level of physical fitness improved among the respondents from both groups: CG and EG. However, in the EG the indices turned out to be considerably higher (p<0,05). It is connected with a regular, various muscle load, the desire of boys to fulfill additional, independent physical exercises in order to make the level of own motor-coordinating qualities development equal to the qualities of more successful coevals.
In the EG we also saw progress in studies improvement (at the end of the I term - by 3,7%; II term - by 4,9%; III term — by 7,2%; IV term — by 9,3%); discipline improvement: at the end of the I term - from 3,12 till 3,28 points; II term - till 3,32 points; III term - till 3,47 points; IV term - till 3,56 points.
Physical culture -sports activity should be also considered from the position of free time organization among teen-agers, cultural free time organization, the means of the most important for personality development forms of behavior selection; humanistic forms of communication with people around creation.
CONCLUSION
Physical culture-sports activity organization among 15-17 year-old boys in order to prevent delinquency turned out to be an effective direction of their successful socialization. The effectiveness of the activity depends on several factors, among which the leading role belongs to the personality of a coach-instructor and a clear program of his actions for the complex of health-improving, educational and upbringing objectives realization; to coordination between pedagogical activity of a coach, supervising teachers, teachers and family in general; to the interest of sports and administrative organizations leaders. It is also important to make lessons regular, take into account age-related characteristics, interests, needs of those, who train; use pedagogical stimuli of various kinds of activity
intensification.
Sports clubs for teen-agers, circles according to interest, street games should take the leading positions in the oncoming generation upbringing, socially-important attitude to environment formation.
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Submitted: 20.02.2021 Author's information:
Yuriy M. Postnov- Senior Lecturer, IN. Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, 432071, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Lenin square, House 4/5, e-mail: [email protected]
