Peculiarities of compensation for damage caused to property by shortcomings of goods, works and services Текст научной статьи по специальности «Право»

итгиъ&ъьгь, uauusubMbbPfr, ииаиЗПЬ&ЗПЬЪЪЬР!* З-ЬРПЬ&ЗПЬЬЬЬР^

4bSb*mbMíl*l ПП^в-ßhb VüSßUfMUtJ 4bUUh

Ausnbômru uaubQbUAushnb&dnbbbbPc

^nqímóniü íbpinióíbi bQ m^pmQpQbpÇ, m2ËmmmQpQbpÇ U ômnmjnipjniQQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbmUmQpní qnijpÇQ íQmu ^mmámnbpi qb^pniü ^QmuÇ hmmnigümQ mnmQóQmhmm^nipjniQQbpp, pQ-Qmpï^bi t ûÇmjQ m^pmQpÇ pbpnipjmQ qb^pniü mnmQg mji qnijpÇQ íQmu ^mmámnbini ^QmuÇ hmmnigümQ ^mhmQç QbpïmJmgQblnl hQmpmínpnlpJmQ hmpgp, QbpïmJmgíbl t ^йш^ hmmnlgümQ qnÏmpÇQp:

4[пШшршпЬр- Luu¡jnuli])lihp, iu¿Juuumu(i])(ihp, âiumujmpjmûGbp, qnijppG щшшбитфпд ¡¿вши, hiu-umigmií, и/шшс!/>< ijüiuu:

спьс1Гь№ апь^иизиъ

AA mpqmpmqmmnlpJmQ QшËшpшpnlpJшQ m2ËmmmïmqйÇ hmïmïnnnщgÇnQ U ppbmïmmmpnqmïmQ pmqmpmïmQnlpJmQ Ü2mïümQ ímp¿nlpJmQ ^bmÇ шЬЦШ^Ш! bäA ÇpmímqÇmnlpJmQ фmïnllmbmÇ pmqmpmgÇmïmQ ÇpmínlQpÇ rnùpÇnQÇ mu^Çpmйm

0шдшpшgÇшïшQ 2P2шQшnnlpJшQ йшuQш-ÏÇgQbpÇ ÇpшíniQpQbpÇ U opÇQшïшQ 2шhbpÇ щшш2ш6 щш2ШщшQnipJшQ, Çpшíшhшpшpbpnl-PJшQ йшuQшïgÇ ïnqùÇg ÇpшíшhшpшpbpnlpJшQ üjniu йшuQшïgÇ ^ш Qbpqnp&bini шpqjnlQшíbш hQшpшínpnipJniQQbpÇ шnïшJnlpJшQ U qprnQg ïbQ-uшqnpMшQ hшQqшúшQpní t úb&rn^bu щшJйш-Qшínpíш& шщpшQpQbpÇ, ш2ËшшшQpQbpÇ U &ш-nшJnipJniQQbpÇ ^jun^bm* ЦщpшQpQbp) pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшUшQpní щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ hrn-шnigúшQ hшúшïшpqÇ ïbQunlQшïnlpJnlQp: Cum rnjqú, шQáÇQ pQdbn^nq щш2ШщшQnlpJшQ gшQïш-grnfr hшúшïшpq QшË U шпш^ ^bmp t iÇQÇ шpqJnl-Qшíbш, ïbQuniQrnï, ÇQ^^bu QшU hшйшpdbp щш2ШщшQínq 2rnhÇ tnipJшQp U pQnijpÇQ:

ЦщpшQpQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшUшQpní íQшu щшш6шпь!п1 qb^pniü rnQàÇQ mpínq Çpш-^^Q щш2ШщшQnipJшQ bqrnQrn^QbpÇ шpqJni-QшíbшnipJniQp щшJÚшQшínpíш& t rnjq hшpшpb-pnipjniQQbpÇ pQnijpÇg pËnq, qprnQg tnipjniQp шp-5g шшhшJшnq Qbpqnp&nipjrnQ hшйшpdbp U hшйш-Ц ¿шф ùÇçngQbpÇ ïÇpшnйшQ hbm: Uju mburnQ^jni-■Ц QÇg щшшшhшïшQ ¿t AA pшqшpшgÇшïшQ opbQuqppÇ 14-pq hnqírn&ní, Ç pÇiu pшqшpшgÇш-^Q ÇpшíniQpQbpÇ щш2ШщшQnipJшQ шл bqrn-I QшïQbpÇ, íQшuQbpÇ hrnmnigniúp np^bu Çpш-Д ÎniQpQbpÇ щш2ШщшQnipJшQ ÇQpQnipnijQ bqшQшï I шnшQáQшgQblд: 0шqшpшgÇшïшQ ÇpшínlQpQbpÇ ^ щш2ШщшQnipJшQ шJu bqrnQrn^Ç ïшpUnpnlpJnlQQ шпш^»! pQqq&íniú t pшqшpшgÇшïшQ opbQuqpni-

PJшúp íQшuQbpÇ ipÇi hrnmnigúrnQ uïqpniQpÇ шй-pшqpúшúp:

Uju hrnQqrnûrnQpÇ hш2íшnйшйp шQhpшdb2Ш t шQqpшqшnQшL U^prnQpQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшUшQpní qnijpÇQ щшш6шп4ш& ^QrnuÇ hш-шnigйшQ шnшQáQшhшшïnipJniQQbpÇ pQQшpïйш-Qp: Urn щшJÜшQшínpíш& t QpшQní, np U^prnQp-QbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшUшQpní qnijpÇQ íQшu щшш6шпЬ!П1 qb^pniü íQшuÇ hrnmnigniüp ^bmp t ÇpшïшQшgíÇ uщшnnqшïшQ ninpmÇQ pQnpn2 шnшQáQшhшшïnlpJnlQQbpÇ hш2íшnйшйp' щшJ-ürnQrnínpírn& U' ш^^ш! qnijpÇ ïшpqшíÇ6шïní, U' qprn QщшшшïшJÇQ Q2шQшïnlpJшйp oqшшqnp&-ürnQ hшQqшйшQpní: Cum шJqй, шQhpшdb2Ш t pQ-QшpïbL hbшUJШL hшpgbpp'

1) rnpqjn±p ÇQpQÇQ pbpnipjniQ niQbgnq Цщ-pшQpÇ ábnppbpniüp ïшpnq t qÇmrnpïibi np^bu шQáÇ «qnijpÇQ» щшш6шп4ш& ^QrnuÇ шnïшJnl-pjniQ, pb' n¿,

2) rnpqjn±p UщpшQpÇ pbpnlpJшQ hbшUшQpní grnQ^rngrnfr qnijpÇQ щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ hшшnl-gniüp ïшpnq t ÇpшïшQшgíbL AA pшqшpшgÇшïшQ opbQuqppÇ 60-pq qiËÇ 3-pq ^rnprnqprn$Ç qpnijp-QbpÇ hÇйшQ ípш (rnnrnQg ùbqpÇ щmmmuËmQmm-ínipjniQ, mnidnqÇ U ^Qrnu щшшйшпп^^ ùÇçU щшJ-ûrnQrnqprnjÇQ hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpÇ Ùbç qmQ^bini hшQqшйшQpÇg rnQ^rnË щшшшuËшQшшínlpJшQ U ШJLQ).

Ъшё U rnnrnç шQqpшqшnQшQp шnш2ÇQ hшp-gÇQ: UbQp hшïíш& bQp ШJQ mburnïbmÇQ, np AA

gmqmgmgpm^mQ opbQuqpgp 1088-pq hnq^m&p 1-pQ tfmunitf oqmmqnp&inq «qnijgpQ ^mmfimn^mfr iQmu» hmu^mgnipjniQp ^bmg t pmgmnmqbu tfb^-QmpmQ^p np^bu dbng pbp^mfr U^pmQgp pbpnipjmQ hbmbmQgni mQdpQ ^mm^mQnq «mji qnijgpQ» ^mmfimn^mfr iQmu, pu^ pbpnipjniQ niQbgnq U^pmQgp mn^mjnipjniQp (dbngpbpnitfp) mnmQg mji qnijgpQ iQmu ^mmfimnbini ¿p ^mpnq hptfg hmQqpumQmi iQmup hmmnigtfmQ ^mhmQg Qbp^m-jmgQbini hmtfmp: "^Umi bqpmhmQqnitfp ^mjtfm-Qm^npimi t QpmQni, np AA qmqmgmgpm^mQ opbQuqpgp 1088-pq hnq^m&p 1-pQ tfmunitf mtf-pmqp^mfr «qnijgpQ ^mmfimn^mfr iQmu» mprnm-hmjmnipjniQp ^bmg t qpmmp^ip mpmmqmjdm-QmqpmjpQ ^mmmu^mQmminipjmQ ^mjtfmQQbpp' tfmuQm^npm^bu hm^m^pm^m^mQ ^mpgmq&p, qpm b iQmup tfpgb mQhpmdb2m ^mmfimnm-hbmbmQgmjpQ ^m^p mn^mjnipjmQ nqgmtfpm mpmtfmpmQnipjmQ qmhqmQ^mQ mbumQ^jniQpg:

AA gmqmgmgpm^mQ opbQuqpgp 1088-pq hnq-imip 1-pQ JmuJ ppm^m^mpqm^nptfmQ inijup Qbp-gn U^pmQgp pbpnipjmQ mn^mjnipjniQp i^mjnitf t U^pmQg ^mfimnnqp (mpmmqpnq, imnmjnipjniQ tfmmnignq, m2^mmmQg ^mmmpnq) hm^mppm^m-^mQ ^mpgmq&p qpubnptfmQ dmu^Q, npp ^mmfim-nmhbmbmQgmjpQ ^m^p mbumQ^jniQpg ^bmg t hmQqbgQp mji iQmup ^mmfimntfmQp: Am^mnm^ ^mpmqmjnitf, mpmmqpm^mQ ^mtf mji pbpnipjniQ niQbgnq U^pmQgp mn^mjnipjniQp np^bu qnijgpQ ^mmfimn^mfr iQmu npm^bip ^hmQqbgQp mpmm-^mjtfmQmqpmjpQ ^mmmu^mQmm^nipjmQ ^mj-tfmQQbppg' hm^mppm^m^mQ ^mpgmq&p, qpm hbmbmQgni ^mmfimn^mfr iQmup QnijQmgtfmQp b ^mmfimnmhbmbmQgmjpQ ^m^p pmgm^mjnipjmQ ^mjtfmQQbpnitf iQmup hmmnignitf mpmtfmqpbini hQmpminpnipjmQp:

Gmgp mjq, hmp^ t q2»l, np ^mjtfmQmqpni U^pmQg dbng pbpbini ^mpmqmjnitf qpm pbpnipjmQ mn^mjnipjniQp (hmjmQmpbpnitfp), np^bu ^mQnQ, i^mjnitf t ^mjtfmQmqpn^ U^pmQgp npm-^pQ ^mtf mji hmm^mQp2QbppQ mnmgmqpinq ^m-hmQgQbpp ^m^m^mQ dmu^Q, b hbmbmpmp mju ^mpmqmjnitf qnp&nitf bQ AA gmqmgmgpm^mQ opbQuqpgp' ^mjtfmQmqpmjpQ ^mpmminpnipjniQ-Qbpp ^mpqm^nptfmQQ niqqimi mjQ qpnijpQbpp, npnQg ^m^imi bQ qnijgp npm^p ^mtf qpm mji hmm^mQp2Qbpp hbm:

ni2mqpnipjmQ t mpdmQp mjQ, np b^pn^m^mQ bp^pQbpp opbQuqpnipjmtfp hmmni^ 2b2mmqpinitf t mjQ qmqm^mpp, np tfpmjQ pbpnipjniQ niQbgnq U^pmQgp dbngpbpnitfp ¿p ^mpnq hptfg imnmjbi

mpmmqmj ^mQmqpmj^Q qmmmu^m Qmm^nipj ni Q

Qm^mmbunq qpnijpQbpp hp^mQ ipm ^Qmup hm-

i

uinic]iiiuG iquihuiQg GbpljuijuigQbpii hiuiiiup : Uiib-pp^^mQ ppm^m^mQ hm^m^mpqni^ mju hmpgQ pp ini&ni^p ummgbi t qmmm^mQ Qm^mqb^bpp ^pgn-gni: OppQm^' East River Steamship Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval Inc qnp&n^ qmmmpmQp ^bp-dbi t iQmup hmmnigtfmQ ^mhmQgp, Q2b^ni, np mp-mmqpnqp mpmm^mj^mQmqpmjpQ hmpmpbpni-pjniQQbpp 2p?mQm^ni^ ¿p ^pni^ m^pmQgp' pQgQ ppbQ ^Qmubip ^mQ^b^ni ^mpmm^mQnipjniQ, b Q^mQ ibfibpp ini&^mQ qb^gni^ ppm^m^mQ ^m2m-

^mQnipjmQ qmm2mfi ^pgngp ^mj^mQmqpmjpQ

2

ppuiipuGgG t :

Ujd^ mQqpmqmnQmQg mjQ hmpgp gQQmp^^m-Qp, pb' mpqjn±g U^pmQgp pbpnipjmQ hbmbmQgni gmQ^mgmi qnijgpQ iQmu ^mmfimnb^ni qb^gni^ iQmup hmmnignitfp ^mpnq t ppm^mQmg^bi AA gm-qmgmgpm^mQ opbQuqpgp 60-pq qL^p 3-pq ^m-pmqpm^p qpnijpQbpp hp^mQ ipm: Uju hmpgp ib-pmpbpjmi tfpgmqqmjpQ ^npdp niuni^Qmuppnipjni-Qp gnijg t mmipu, np b^pn^m^mQ bp^pQbpp tfbi ^mup opbQuqpnipjm^p mpmm^mj^mQmqpmjpQ ^mmmu^mQmminipjniQ umhtfmQnq Qnp^bpp hp-dmQ ipm qnijgpQ ^mmfimn^mi iQmup hmmnigni-^p pnijimmpinitf t mjQ qb^gni^, bpp QtfmQ qnijgp ^mpqm^pfim^Q mjQ^pupQ t, np ^m^^mi ¿t mQdp ^muQmqpmm^mQ ^mtf dbnQmp^mmppm^mQ qnp-

3

dm GLnipjiuG hbui : Uiul]iui|iup|ii| bpljpQbp' (op|iGiul]

4 5

knpbuiQ, ipuiQupuiQ) qpubnpnul bQ iuj| linuiL-gni^, b qnijgpQ ^mmfimn^mi iQmup hmmnigni^p mjumbq ^mj^mQm^npimi ¿t mjq qnijgp ^mpqm-ipfim^n^: Gum mjqtf, qpm^mQnipjmQ ^bg gQQmp^-ini^ t mjQ, pb mpqjng mQhpmdb2m ¿t hmmnig^mQ ^mhmQg Qbp^mjmgQbini hQmpminpnipjniQ Qm-^mmbubi Qmb ^muQmqpmm^mQ ^m^ mnbmpmjpQ

qnp&niQbnipjmQ hbm mnQ¿nlpJnlQ niQbgnq qnijgpQ

6

i|Giuu iquiuiiSuinbpii qbiqgnul : Uju linuibcjiiuiQ qbil mpmmhmjm^mi ^mp&pgQbpp qbpm^2nnq bQ qpm-^mQnipjmQ tfbg, b mjq ^m^m^gnipjm^p Q2^ni^ t, np mji' ^muQmqpmm^mQ ^m^ mnbmpmjpQ qnp&ni-QbnipjmQ hbm ^m^^mi qnijgpQ ^mmfimn^mi ^ iQmup qb^gnitf mQdp ^mpnq t ^mhmQgbi iQmup .aj

hmmnigni^ mmj^mQmqpp bmtf iQmup hmmnigni^p«

7 a

Ipupqunpipnq uiji qpnijpQbpp hfiiiuiQ i|pui : Ubp'g ^mp&pgni, Q2^m& hmpgpQ Lpmpdbg qmmmu^mQ ^ mmini hmdmp mQhpmdb2m t hm2ip mnQbi | hbmbjmi ^mpbnpmqnijQ hmQqm^mQgQbpp: S,

^m^, mpmm^mj^mQmqpmjpQ qmmmu^ra- | QmminipjniQ umh^mQnq Qnptfbpp hp^mQ ipm s iQmu ^mmfimnmi mQdp mnmQg ^bqgp qmmmu-

ЁшСшш^пщпШо (npQ шпш^»1 Ëuшшgíш& t) ^ш-pnq t ^ш hшuübL, Çuï íQшuÇ hшшnlgúшQ щш-Ьшй^р pшíшpшpíbL ú^jQ шJÜ щшpшqшJnlú, bpp t шJQщÇuÇ ïшpbnpшqnlJQ QшËш-щшJÚшQ, ^¿^ÇuÇQ* uщшnnqÇ ïnqùÇg ЦщpшQgQb-pQ Ç uïqpшQb pшgшnшщbu шQáQшïшQ ^ú Ьш-úшQúшQ шл oqшшqnp&úшQ hшúшp ábng pbpbiQ b Quш шJq QщшшшïÇ oqшшqnp&bLQ t: Um Çp hbp-pÇQ, np^bu ^QnQ, bQpшqpnlú t u^rnnnqrn^rnQ Qщшшшïní ábngpbpíш& ЦщpшQgÇ oqшшqnp&nlú шJQщÇuÇ úÇ2шíшJpnlú, npQ шQúÇ2шïшQnpbQ ¿t шQáÇ úшuQшqÇшшïшQ Ïшú ábnQrnp-ÏшшÇpшïшQ qnp&nlQbnlpJшQ ЬЬШ: UJL Ïbp^ mumí, uщшnnqшïшQ Qщшшшïní ЦщpшQgÇ ábngpbpniÚQ bQpшqpnlú t по^ш^ úÇ2шíшJpnlú qprn oqшшqnp&úшQ nbdÇùÇ шnшQáQшhшшïnl-pjniQ, ÇQ¿щbu Qшb шJQ úÇ2шíшJpÇ (qnijgÇ) Ïrnp-•ш^бш^ шnшQáQшhшшïnlpJnlQ, npшbq ШЬ-qrnqpíbi t ^ú npniú oqшшqnp&ínlú t U^prnQgQ: GшgÇ шJq, qnijgÇQ щшш6шп^ш& íQшuÇ Ьш-штдш^ шJq qnijgÇ ïшpqшíÇ6шïní ¿щшJÚшQш-ínpbiQ ^pnq t hrnQqbgQbi U^^Qg íш6шnnqQb-pÇ (шpшшqpnqQbpÇ, &шnшJnlpJnlQ úшшnlgnqQb-pÇ, ш2ËшшшQg ïшшшpnqQbpÇ) шQuшhúшQш-фш^ щшшшuËшQшшínlpJшQ: hÇùQrn^np

t Qшb шJQ шbuшQïjnlQÇд, np ^QrnuÇ hшшnlgúшQ ÇQuшÇшnlШQ шpшúшpшQшïшQ ßqprnjni t uщшnnqшïшQ nLnpшnlú U^prnQg íш6шnnqQb-pÇQ (шpшшqpnq, &шnшJnlpJnlQ úшшnlдnq, ш2Ёш-шшQg Ïшшшpnq) шnш2шqpínq hÇùQrn^rnQ шшïшQnlpJшQ tnlpJшQ ЬЬш, npQ hrnQqniú t QpшQ, np U^prnQg íш6шnnqQ щbшg t шщшЬп^ 2p?rn-QшnnlpJшQ Ùbç qp^fr ЦщpшQgQbpÇ hrnúrn^rn-шшuËшQnlpJnlQQ шQíшшQqnlpJшQ QíшqшqnlJQ ¿шфшQÇ2QbpÇQ, np^buqÇ ¿uшbq&íbQ шQáÇ Ï^Q-gÇQ, rnnnqçnipjrnQQ ^ú qnijgÇQ íQшu щшшйшпЬ-Lni n¿ nq2шúÇш nÇu^bp: ^rnprnqrnjniú,

bpb ibpçÇQu щшшшuËшQшшínlpJnlQ ïpÇ Qrnb pÇqQbu úÇ2шíшJpnlú (шJq píniú úшuQшqÇшш-^Q) ЦщpшQgÇ шQíшшQq qnp&ш&nlpJшQ hrnúrnp, шщш шJq щшшшuËшQшшínlpJnlQQ ÏÏpÇ rnQurnh-I úшQшфшï, шQïшQËшшbubLÇ pQnijp: ^ ^pшïшQшдíш& íbpLnl&nlpJшQ hш2íшnúшúp' £3 qшQnlú bQg, np ЦщpшQgQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ I hbшbшQgní qnijgÇQ щшш6шп4ш& ^QrnuQ ^pnq t Ьшшп104Ь1 44 gшqшgшдÇшïшQ opbQuqpgÇ 60-pq I qiËÇ 3-pq щшpшqpшфÇ qpnijpQbpÇ hÇúшQ ф1ш •S^ шJQ qb^gniú, bpp íQшu t щшшйшп^»! шJQ qnij-I gÇQ, npQ, np^bu ^QnQ, шQúÇ2шïшQnpbQ ^шщ-^ ¿t шQáÇ úшuQшqÇшшïшQ ^ú ábnQшpïшшÇ-pшïшQ qnp&nlQbnlpJшQ ЬЬш: ЦQhpшdb2Ш t Qшb

q2»l, np «npщbu ^QnQ» ¿шфшQÇ2Ç шúpшqpnlÚQ Q2rnQrn^niú t, np hQшpшínp ¿t Çuщшn pшдшnbL шJQ qbщgbpQ, bpp uщшnnqшïшQ Qщшшшïní ábng pbpíш& UщpшQgQ oqшшqnp&íÇ úшuQшínp oq-шшqnp&úшQ hшúшp ¿QшËшшbuíш& úÇ2шíшJ-pniú, uшïшJQ, шJQnlшúbQшJQÇí, U^irnQgÇ oqшш-qnp&úшQ nbdÇùÇg pËÇ, np rnn^rn ¿t tшïшQ Ëqniù U^rnQgÇ b qpш oqшшqnp&úшQ úÇ2шíшJpÇ ùÇçb: UjuÇQgQ' дшQïшдш& qnp&ní шQhpшdb2Ш t ÇQg-QnipnijQ qQшhшшúшQ шnшpïш qrnpáQbi UщpшQ-gÇ pbpnlpJшQ hbшbшQgní qnijgÇQ щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ hшшnlдúшQ hшpgQ' щшpqbLní uщшnnqш-ÏшQ Qщшшшïní ábng pbp^rnfr UщpшQgÇ шnQ¿nl-pjniQQ ábnQшpïшшÇpшïшQ ^rnú úшuQшqÇшш-ÏшQ úÇ2шíшJpÇ b Quш шJqú щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ ььш: ÀQq npniú, Ïшp&nlú bQg qшшшpшQQbpQ QúrnQ bqpшhшQqúшQ •ш1П1 hшúшp npщbu niqb-QÇ2Qbp Ïшpnq bQ oqшшqnp&bL шJQщÇuÇ hшQqш-úшQgQbp, ÇQ¿щÇuÇg bQ' ш^ш! qnijgÇ nlQbдш& ÏшpqшíÇ6шÏQ, pbpnipjniQ niQbgnq UщpшQgÇ b íQшuíш& qnijgÇ фnËÏшщíш&nlpJшQ шuшÇ6шQQ ÇpшïшQшдínq ábnQшpïшшÇpшïшQ, úшuQшqÇ-шш^шй qnp&nlQbnlpJшQ b qpшQg шpqJnlQgnlú hb-шшщQqínq QщшшшïQbpÇ ùÇçb:

^bpini&bLní qnijgÇQ щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ Ьш-шnlдúшQ npn2 шnшQáQшhшшïnlpJnlQQbpÇ hшpgQ, ÏgшQïшQшJÇQg шQqpшqшnQшL Qrnb qnijgÇQ ^Qrnu щшш6шпь!п1 qbщgnlú prng pnqQíш& oqnlшÇ Ьш-шnlgúшQ ËQqpÇQ: ^шд pnqQíш& oqnlшÇ Ьшштд-úшQ ïшQnQQbpÇ 6Ç2Ш ïÇpшnnlÚQ Ïшpbnp t n¿ ÙÇ-шJQ шnldnqÇ 2rnhbpÇ щш2ШщшQnlpJшQ, ш^ь 0шpqnl ÇpшínlQgQbpÇ bípnщшïшQ qшшшpшQÇ (шJunlhbш' U^b^) ÇpшíшïшQ qÇpgnpn2niùQbpÇQ, qpшQд hшúшhQ¿nlpJшQ шщшhníúшQ шbuшQï^nl-QÇg: ёш щшJÚшQшínpíш& t QpшQní, np ^QrnuÇ' шJq píniú pшg pnqQ^rnfr oqnlшÇ hшшnlgúшQ Ьш-pшpbpnlpJnlQQbpQ ubpшnpbQ bQ

«0шpqnl ÇpшínlQgQbpÇ b hÇúQшpшp шqшшnl-pjniQQbpÇ щш2ШщшQnlpJшQ ùrnuÇQ» bípnщшïшQ ÏnQíbQдÇшJÇQ (шJunlhbш' înQíbQgÇш) ïÇg pÇi 1 UpáшQшqpnlpJшQ 1-ÇQ hnqíш&Ç ььш: UpáшQшq-pnlpJшQ 1-ÇQ Ьщ^ш^ LШJQ ïÇpшnnlpJnlQQ шш-pшpQnlJp ÇpшíшhшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpÇ Qïшшúшúp щшJÚшQшínpíш& t QpшQní, np U"№^-Ç QшËш-qbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgÇ 2p2rnQrn^Qbpniú «шÇpшщb-шnlú» hшuïшдnlpJшQQ шpíbL t LrnjQ úbïQшpшQnl-pjniQ' QQqqp^biní n¿ úÇшJQ ubфшïшQnlpJшQ Çpш-

íniQgQ, шл qnlJgшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgQbpÇ ÙÇ шúpnq2

8

2mpg : ílpiqbu «mjipmiqbuiniú» bü iipuil]i|b| йшЬ шл шïшÇíQbpQ' шJq píniú ШJQ щшhшQ2QbpQ, npnQg ÇprngùrnQ ïшщшïgnlpJшúp hшJgínpQ ^ш-

pu il t h|iü'tiuii|iipb|, np niüji opfiíiiulpuíi иирииЬфр : ^biÇïmrnjÇQ щшpmшínpnlpJnlQQbpÇg ^qnq

ÇpшínlQpQbpp QnlJQщbu hrnQqÇurnQniû bQ <шьфш-

10

Ipulinipjnili» liiitii|btic]|nuj|i fiú'uiuuini| : ITM/'l-p, Ùbï шл qnp&ní, шpáшQшqpbL t, np ^QrnuÇ hшmnlg-йшQ щшhшQ2p hшQqÇuшQnlй t «rn^mÇ^», U hbmUшpшp «mÇpшщbmnlй» UpárnQrnqpnipjrnQ 1-ÇQ hnq^^ Çйшumní: ^rnmrnprnQp, pum шJqй qmbj t, np qnp&ní hшJgínpQbpp ^pnq tÇQ niQbQrni_ «opÇQшïшQ uщшublÇp», np ípшpní щшJÜшQш-Înp^i íQшuÇ hшmnlgйшQ ÇpbQg щшhшQ2p ïn-pn2ÎÇ qblÇïmшJÇQ ÇpшínlQpÇ QnpùbpÇQ hшйш-

u

upuuiuiuJuuiQ : IThb'l-p uipàuiCiuiqpb] t, np «opji-QшïшQ uщшublÇpp» Çp pQnijpní щbmp t ïnQïpbm iÇQÇ, pшQ hшuшpшï hnijup, U щbmp t hÇùQiÇ Çprn-

^^Q qpnijpÇ ^шй ÇpшíшïшQ шJQщÇuÇ шïmÇ

12

hfiûïuli i|pui, |itisui|iu|iti rpuunulpuli uilpnCi t : «"lui-hшQ2p» ^pnq t UpáшQшqpnlpJшQ 1-ÇQ hnq^^ Çйшumní hшQqÇuшQшL «ubфшïшQnlpJnlQ», bpb prn^rnprnp ¿шфп^ hÇйQшínpíш& t, np rnjQ ^pnq t

13

lipuigilbL :

ЦJuщÇuní, ^pnq bQp bqprnhrnQqbi, np Цщ-pшQpQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbmUrnQpní щшшйшп-íQшuÇ' шJq píniü pшg pnqQ^i oqnimÇ hш-mnigürnQ hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpp Uu ^pnq bQ qÇ-mшpïíbL înQíbQgÇшJÇQ ïÇg pÇi 1 UpárnQrnqpni-PJшQ 1-ÇQ hn^^i^ ÇpшíшïшpqшínpйшQ LnijuÇ Qbppn ШJQ qb^pniü, bpp ^Qrnu ^шй шQáp hÇйQш-ÎnpÇ, np «opÇQшïшQ uщшublÇp» t niQbgbi íQшuÇ hшmnlgnlй umшQшlnl mbuшQÏJnlQÇg: Cum rnjqü, opÇQшïшQ uщшublÇpp щbmp t prnirnprnpÇ Çpшg-íblÇnlpJшQ ¿шфшQÇ2ÇQ, Çuï uш Q2шQшïnlй t, np ÎQrnuÇ' шJq píniü pшg pn^^fr oqnimÇ hrnmnig-йшQ щшhшQ2 QbpïшJшgQblÇu ïrnpbjÇ t Ënubi «opÇQшïшQ uщшublÇp»-Ç rnn^rnjnipjrnQ йшuÇQ, bpp шп^ш t pшqшpшgÇшïшQ 2P2шQшnnlpJшQ йшuQшïgÇ ÇpшínlQpQbpÇ ËшËmйшQ rnpqjniQ-pniù ^^ш hшuQnq шQpшpbQщшum hbmUrnQpp" íQшup, шJllшщbu hшïшnшï щшpшqшJnlй opÇQrn-^Q uщшublÇpp ¿Ç qÇmшpïíÇ npщbu ÇpшgíblÇ:

^.bpini&biní pшg pn^^fr oqnimÇ hrnmnig-йшQ U înQíbQgÇшJÇQ ïÇg pÇi 1 ЦpáшQшqpnlpJшQ 1-ÇQ hnqirn&Ç hшpшpbpшïgnlpJшQ hшpgp, шпш-ürnQprnürnuQ шQqpшqшnQшQp ЦщpшQpQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbmUшQpní qnijpÇQ íQшu щшш-йшпЬ^ш qbщpnlй prng pnqQ^fr oqnimÇ hшmnlg-йшQ ËQqpÇQ: Uju hшpgÇ 2nipç йшuQшqbmQbpÇ 2p-^Qniú шpmшhшJmíbL bQ mшppbp mburn^bmQbp' npn2 hbqÇQшïQbp qmQniù bQ, np uщшnnцp шQË-mÇp pnjnp qb^pbpniü niQÇ pшg pnqQ^i oqnimÇ

hrnmnigürnQ ÇpшínlQp, Çuï hbqÇQшïQbpÇ Ùjniu Ëniùpp щш hшmnlgnlйp щшJйшQшínpnlй bQ ÙÇ-

14

uijQ npry iul]fi upujü'iuíiíiLpni| :

OpÇQrnï' Зш.äшpgÇJp, шQqpшqшnQшlní è^ «UщшnnqQbpÇ ÇpшínlQpQbpÇ щш2mщшQnlpJшQ

15

úuiuJiQ» opbügji tiiu]ul][iti luü'piuqpnipjiutip Ü2niú t,

np uщшnnqÇQ hшugíш& íQшup ïшpnд tp hшmnlg-

i6

i|b| újimjü |ipiui|tul]mû i|tiiuu|i ü'iuuni| : 4.. í-nqi]iu-Qp, шQqpшqшnQшLní è^ Q2íш& opbQpní «цщш-nnq» hшuïшgnlpJшQ hbmшqш фnфnËnlpJшQp, npÇ шpqJnlQpnlй «bïшйnlm umшQшLnl hbm ¿^шщ-4ш&» i^Qbjni щшhшQ2p фnËшpÇQíbg «ábnQшp-ÏшmÇpшïшQ qnp&nlQbnlpJшQ hbm ¿^шщ4ш&» éÇ-Qbjni щшhшQ2ní Q2niù t, np rnjq фnфnËnlpJшQ шpqjnlQpnlй 6rnQrn¿íbg uщшnnqÇ' pшg pnдQíш&

17

oqniui]i hmmnigniú uiiuhiutiyb|iii Jipmi^niügp : Зш. äшpgÇJp Çp hbppÇQ uщшnnqÇ prng pnдQíш& oqnimÇ hшmnlgnlй щшhшQ2bLp щшJйшQшínpnlй t bïшйmÇ йbïшQqшйJш umrngürnQ hшQqшйшQpní U

qmQniù, np rnjq hQшpшínpnlpJnlQp pшgшnínlй t

18

Ырий'иф ириррЬршршр ишшдйшй qbiqgniú :

UpmшhшJmíш& ïшp&ÇpQbpp pbpUu ËngbiÇ bQ rnjQprnQní, np hbqÇQшïQbpp humшï ¿bQ йшш-QшQ2nlй ШJQ hÇйQшïшQ ¿шфшQÇ2p, npÇg b^Qb^ní ÏшpbLÇ t npn2bi prng pnqQírnfr oqnimÇ hшmnlgйшQ pnlJLшmpbLÇnlpJnlQp: £rngÇ шJq, шQËmÇp pnjnp qbщpbpnlй, rnnrnQg npUt ¿шфшQÇ2Ç шnшQáQшg-йшQ uщшnnqÇ' pшg pnqQíш& oqnimÇ hшmnlgйшQ щшhшQ2 QbpïшJшgQbLnl hQшpшínpnlpJшQ 6шQш-¿niüp ËQqprnhrnpnijg t AA pшqшpшgÇшïшQ opbQuqppÇ 60-pq qiËÇ 3-pq щшpшqpшфÇ U QnijQ opbQuqppÇ 1058-pq hnqíш&QbpÇ фnËhшpшpb-prn^gnipjrnQ nд2шйÇm mpшйшpшQnlpJшQ щшЬ-щшQйшQ mburnQÏjniQÇg:

UщpшQpQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbmUшQpní qnijpÇQ щшш0шп4ш& íQшuÇ qbщpnlй pшg pnqQ-írnfr oqnimÇ hшmnlgйшQ hшpgÇ íbpшpbpJШL ÙÇ-2шqqшJÇQ фnpáÇ nlunlйQшuÇpnlpJnlQp gnijg t mrniÇu, np opÇQшï' шйbpÇï^шQ qrnmrn^rnQ щpшï-mÇïшJnlй pшg pnqQíш& oqnimp щшш6шпш-hbmUшQpшJÇQ ïшщÇ mbuшQï^nlQÇg щbmp t hшQ-qÇuшQш шQáÇQ ïrnû qnijpÇQ щшш6шпш& íQшuÇ ^ шpqjnlQp, U шJu щшJйшQp prnirnprnpbini qbщpnlй ^

19 5

ü'fnujíi ршд piiiitii]nid oqnimp Ijiupnq t hiuuinic]i|b| :

bÍpnщшïшQ bpïpQbpniù opbQuqpnpbQ hu- | шш^ ¿Ç 2b2mшqpínlй ÇpшïшQ íQшuÇg qшm QrnU-^ pшg pnqQíш& oqnimÇ hшmnlgйшQ hQrnprnínpni- | PJшQ íbpшpbpJШL, urn^rnjQ шп^ш ¿bQ QшU Qnpübp, -S, npnQp hшmnlï ÏpшgшnbQ шJq hQшpшínpnlpJnlQp: | Uju hшpgÇ щшpqшpшQйшQ hrnürnp nlqbQÇ2ШJÇQ s ïшpnд t iÇQbQ bípnщшïшQ UÇnlpJшQ шpqшpш-

qшшnlpJшQ qшшшpшQÇ Henning Veedfald v Arhus Amtskommune С-20З/99 qnp&ní шpшшhшjшшí qÇpgnpn2niÙQ, npní qшшшpшQQ rnpárnQrnqpbL t, np ¿QшJш& щbшnlpJnlQQbpÇ opbQuqÇp úшpúÇQQbpÇQ t íbpшщшhíш& «^шш» hшuïшgnlpJшQ huшшï pn-íшQqшïnlpJшQ uшhúшQúшQ ÇprnirnunipjniQ, ШJ-QnlшúbQшJQÇí, pшgшnnlpJшúp n¿ Qjniprn^rnQ íQшuÇ, npÇ ФпёЬшшп10Ш^ Ïшpqшínpínlú t pш-gшnшщbu шqqшJÇQ opbQuqpnlpJшúp, ^QrnuÇ újniu шbuшïQbpÇ qbщgnlú шш-dnqÇQ щbшg t hшuшQblÇ iÇQÇ шúpnq2шïшQ b щшш2ш6 hшшnlдúшQ ш^ш-úшqpnlÚQ: ^шшшpшQQ bqpшhшQqbL t, np шQqшú щbшnlpJnlQQbpQ ¿bQ ^pnq uшhúшQшфшïbL Qjni-prn^rnQ íQшuÇ ШJQ шbuшïQbpÇ hшшnlgnlÚQ,

npnQg шnш2шQnlú bQ шQáÇQ ^ú ibpçÇQÇu qnij-

20

gjiü i|tiiuu ицшпбшпЬрн uipqjniQgniú : 'Uuuiuipui-QÇ Q2íш& qÇpgnpn2niÙQ шnшQáQшhшшnlï t Qpш-Qní, np qpшQní 2b2шшqpínlú t ^QrnuQbpÇ шúpnq-^^Q hшшnlдúшQ qшqшфшpQ: UJL Ïbpщ шuшí1 ЦщpшQgÇ pbpnlpJшQ hbшbшQgní qnijgÇQ íQшu ЩШШ6ШПЬ!П1 qbщgnlú ^QrnuQbpÇ' шJq píniú pшд pnqQ^fr oqn^Ç hшшnlgúшQ hшpgnlú ¿щbшg t lÇ-QÇ npbt uшhúшQшфшïnlú:

M¿ íbprnpbpniú t gшqшgшдÇшïшQ opbQuq-pnlpJшúp U^rnQgQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшbшQ-gní щшш6шп4ш& iQrnuÇ qbщgnlú pшд pnqQ^fr oqnlшÇ hшшnlgúшQ ËQqpÇQ, шщш hшpï t Q2»l, np 44 gшqшgшgÇшïшQ opbQuqpgÇ 60-pq qLËÇ З-pq щшpшqpшфnlú Q2íniú t rnQàÇ ï^QgÇQ, шпщ^ш-PJшQQ b qnijgÇQ щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ hшшnlдúшQ íbprnpbpjrnL шnшQg шшpшQ2шшnlú qQbini Çpш-ÏrnQ íQшuÇ ^ú pшg pnqQ^fr oqn^Ç ùÇçb: UbQg ^píniú bQg, np íbpQ Q2íш& щшpшqpшфÇ qpnijp-Qbpní bu hQшpшínp t шQáÇ qnijgÇQ ^Qrnu щшш-6шп»1П1 qb^niú Çprn^rnQ íQшuÇд qшш щшЬшй-ç»l Qrnb pшg pnqQ^fr oqnlшÇ hшшnlgnlú: Ubp bq-pшhшQqnlÚQ щшJÚшQшínpíш& t

1. 0шqшgшgÇшïшQ opbQuqpnlpJшúp ш^ prnqpírnfr ïшpbnpшqnlJQ qшqшфшpQbpÇg Ù»ÏQ íQшuQbpÇ ipÇi hшшnlgnlúQ t, ÇuÏ шpшшщшJÚш-QrnqprnjÇQ hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpnlú 44 gшqшgшgÇ-I rn^rnQ opbQuqpgÇ З-pq Ьщ^ш^ 1-ÇQ úrnuní ш^ ^ pшqpíшí ЁшЁш^ш& ÇprniniQgQbpÇ íbpшïшQqQ-'■сз úшQ шщшhníúшQ uïqpniQgÇ L^pdbg ÇpшдnlÚQ I hQшpшínp t íQшuQbpÇ ipÇi hшшnlgúшQ qrnqrn-

^ фшpÇ ЬЬШ ubpш фnËÏшщíш&nlpJшQ щшpшqш-

S с I jniú.

■s 2. 44 gшqшgшgÇшïшQ opbQuqpgÇ QQqhшQnlp I шpшúшpшQnlpJnlQQ hnl2nlú t, np rnjQ qbщgbpnlú, ^ bpp hшшnlдúшQ bQpшïш t úÇшJQ Çprn^rnQ íQшuQ, gшqшgшgÇшÇpшíшïшQ hшúшщшшшuËшQ Qnp-

úniú qpш íbpшpbpJШL Ïшшшpínlú t niqqrn^Ç

21

Ü2niú :

0шqшgшgÇшïшQ opbQuqpgÇ niuniùQrnuÇpni-pjniQQ gnijg t шш^, np úÇшJQ opbQuqpgÇ pшдш-nÇï' píní 4 hnqíш&Qbpnlú t (968.9 Ьщ^ш^ 1-ÇQ, 1121-pq Ьщ^ш^ 2-pq, 1136-pq Ьщ^ш^ 1-ÇQ, 1137-pq Ьщ^ш^ 2-pq úшu) Ьшшт^ 2b2шшqpínlú Ç pÇiu шл íQшuQbpÇ' Qшb prng p^Q^fr oqnlшÇ hшшnlgúшQ íbpшpbpJШL, ÇQ¿Q qnigb b Qщшшшï t hbшшщQqnlú шnшQáQшhшшnlï 2b2ШшqpbL pшg p^Q^fr oqn^Ç hшшnlgúшQ qшqшфшpQ, цш-^jQ, úbp ^p^gní шnшQд QúшQ 2b2ШшqpúшQ ¿l qш bQpшqpínlú t, gшQÇ np ^QrnuQbpÇ ipÇi Ьш-шnlдúшQ uïqpniQgQ шpqbQ Çuï Çp шpшшдnLnlúQ t uшшgbL 44 gшqшgшgÇшïшQ opbQuqpgÇ 17-pq, 409-pq b 1058-pq hnqíш&Qbpnlú:

ЦJuщÇuní, úbQg qшQnlú bQg, np 44 grnqrngrn-дÇшïшQ opbQuqpgÇ 60-pq qiËÇ 3-pq щшpшqpшфÇ qpnijpQbpÇ hÇúшQ íprn uщшnnqQ UщpшQgÇ pbpni-PJшQ hbшbшQgní qnijgÇQ щшш6шп4ш& íQшuÇ qbщgnlú Ïrnpnq t QbpïшJшдQbL pшg pnqQíш& oqn^Ç hшшnlgúшQ щшhшQ2 ШJQ qbщgnlú, bpp prng pnqQ^rnfr oqnlШQ шnш2шgbL t шJQщÇuÇ qnijgÇQ íQшu щшш6шпЬ!П1 шpqJnlQgnlú, npQ, npщbu ÏшQnQ, QшËшшbuíш& t bqbi úшuQшínp oqшш-qnp&úrnQ hшúшp, b bpb шщшдnlдíÇ, np rnjq qnijgÇQ íQшu щшш6шпЬ!П1 шpqJnlQgnlú шQáQ ¿Ç uшшдbL шJQщÇuÇ bïшúnlшQbp, npnQg uшшgúшQ ÇpшïшQ hQшpшínpnlpJnlQQ b úшшqpnlpJnlQQ шп-^ш t bqbi (pшg pnqQíш& oqnlШQ Ïrnpnq t шpшш-hшJШíbL Qшb U^rnQgÇ pbpnlpJшQ hbшbшQgní qnijgÇQ íQшu щшш6шпЬ!П1 шpqJnlQgnlú qpш 2ni-ÏшJшïшQ rnpdbgÇ Qíшqbдúшúp):

ёш щшJÚшQшínpíш& t QprnQní, np uщшnn-qшïшQ nLnpшÇ hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpÇ Ïшpqшínp-úшQQ nlqqíш& шïшbpÇ ïÇprnnûrnQ qшqшфшpÇ hÇúQшgшpQ UщpшQgÇ' uщшnnqшïшQ Qщшшшïní ábngpbpniÚQ b oqшшqnp&nlúQ t, npQ rnQniqqrnïÇn-pbQ bQpшqpnlú t Qrnb QúrnQ UщpшQgÇ oqшшqnp-&niú n¿ pb pÇqQbu úÇ2шíшJpnlú, шл QQшшQbïшQ, шQшJÇQ Ïшú hшúшQúшQ шл ùÇçrnirnjpniù: 4ш^ш-пш^ щшpшqшJnlú íQшu щшш6шпш& шQáÇ щш-шшuËшQшшínlpJnlQQ ïïpÇ шQuшhúшQшфшï pQnijp' hш2ÍÇ шnQbLní Qшb ibpçÇQÇu шnшQд úbq-gÇ щшшшuËшQшшínlpJшQ uïqpniQgQ:

0QQшpïbLní UщpшQgQbpÇ pbpnlpJшQ hbшbшQgní iQrnuÇ hшшnlдúшQ шnшQáQшhшш-ÏnipjniQQbpÇ hшpgQ, grnQ^rnQniú bQg Qшb npn2 шQqpшqшpá ïшшшpbL n¿ QJnlpшïшQ íQшuÇ Ьш-шnlдúшQ ËQqpÇQ: GшQQ ШJQ t, np rnQqLn-rnúb-pÇÏ^шQ ÇpшíшïшQ hшúшïшpqnlú U^rnQgQbpÇ

pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшbшQgní щшш6шп4ш& ^QrnuÇ щшpшqшJnlú QшËшшbuínlú t щшшdÇ¿ ^QrnuÇ (punitive damage) hшшnlgúшQ hQшpшínpnlpJnlQ: Urn, Quш tnlpJшQ, n¿ QJnlpшïшQ íQшuÇ шпшй0йш-Ьшшт^ шbuшï t' Çp hbшшщQqш& nipnijQ йщш-шшïQbpní b фnlQïgÇшQbpní:

äшшdÇ¿ íQшuÇ (punitive damage) qn^pÇQQ (шJunlhbш' ^n^pÇQ) шQqLÇшïшQ QQqhшQnlp ÇpшínlQgÇQ pQnpn2 hÇQ qn^pÇQ t: UjQ 6шQш¿nlú t uшшдbL UQqiÇrnjniù qbnbu 1278 p^^QÇQ: 4b-шшqшJnlú ^n^pÇQQ Фп^шпй^»! t ^»pÇ^jÇ

ÏnqùÇg: 1851 p^^QÇ qpnlpJшúp ^n^pÇQQ rnp-

22

ü'uiuiuii|npi|L| Il pCiqni tii|b| t UUb-niú , Il quqiátq t шQqLn-шúbpÇÏJшQ gшqшgшgÇшïшQ ÇpшínlQgÇ

23

puiqlpugnig]i¿ úuiup :

^pшïшQnlpJшQ Ùbç шnшQáQшgínlú bQ щшш-tffo iQrnuÇ ¿npu hÇúQшïшQ фnlQïgÇш'

1) щшшdÇ¿, npQ rnqq^fr t hшïшÇpшíшïшQ ÎrnpgrnqÇfr qpubnpш& шQáÇQ щшш^^пШ,

2) quщúшQ, npQ uшuшnlú t шщшqшJnlú QúrnQ íшpgшq&Ç qpubnpniÙQ íQшu щшш6шпш& b újniu шQáшQд ïnqùÇg,

3) ФпёЬшшш^шй, npQ n^q^i t ШJQ ^Qrnu-QbpÇ hшшnlgúшQQ, npnQg npщbu Qjniprn^rnQ íQшu ¿bQ Ьшштд^^ ^ú rnjQ фшuшшgÇ íQшuQbpÇ hшшnlgúшQQ, npnQg hшJдínpQ ¿Ç ^pnq шщшдт-

24

gtq ,

4) ÇpшíшщшhщшQ, npQ шpшшhшJШínlú t QpшQnlú, np qqшlÇ ¿шфÇ щшшdÇ¿ íQшuÇ йшёш-шbunlÚQ ËprnQniù t шnldnqQbpÇ' npщbu «úшuQш-ínp фшuшшpшQ» hшQqbu qшLQ, b Quш шJqú

25

Qiquiuumuî tiuib |ipiui|uilpuíi Qnpübpji JipuigúuiQp : 4шpï t Q2»l, np ^n^pÇQÇ ïÇpшnnlpJnlQQ pb° шЬ-uшïшQ, pb° щpшïшÇï pQrnqrnírnnniú pшqúшpÇí ÎbôbpÇ шbqÇg t ш^Ьр

UJuщbu, ^n^pÇQÇ ïÇpшnúшQQ qbú ЬЬ^-QшïQbpÇ ËniùpQ Q2niú t, np щшшdÇ¿ b quщúшQ фnlQïдÇшQbpQ pQnpn2 ¿bQ gшqшgшgÇшïшQ Çpш-ÎniQgÇQ, rnn^rn ¿t gшqшgшдÇшÇpшíшïшQ hшpш-pbpnipjniQQbpniú qprnQg ïÇpшnúшQ шQhpшdb2-шnlpJnlQ: ^bpçÇQQbpu Qrnb qшQnlú bQ, np щшшdÇ¿ ÎQrnuÇ QшËшшbunlÚQ ^pnq t hшQqbgQbL n¿ дшй-^шф шQшbuшщbu hbшbшQgQbpÇ U^rnQg шp-

шшqpnqQbpÇ b íш6шnnqQbpÇ hшúшp: Ujniu

26

upumöuinuipuiQnipjniQQ uijQ t, np шпшйд úbqpji щшшшuËшQшшínlpJшQ uïqpniQgÇ qшqшфшpQ шQhшúшшbqblÇ t ^n^pÇQÇ ЬЬш, gшQÇ np шJu qb^niú щbшg t шщшдтд^ íQшu щшшйшпп^ úbqgQ:

Uju шbuшïbшQ ¿ïÇunq hbqÇQшïQbpÇ ù»ï шл Ëniùp ÇpbQg hbppÇQ Q2niú bQ, np gшqшgшgÇшïшQ

ÇpшíшhшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpÇQ bu pQnpn2 bQ qpubnpш& íшpgшq&Ç hшúшp шQáÇQ щшш^»1п1 шшppbp: ^bpçÇQQbpu qшQnlú bQ, np quщúшQ qnp&rnnnijpQ шpqJnlQшíbш ¿Ç qnp&niú, bpp шpшшqpnqQbpQ qÇшшïдnlú bQ, np uшшgíш& 2шhnlJpQ qbpшqшQgnlú t qшшшïшQ ^ú ^QrnuÇ hшшnlgúшQ ЬЬш ÇpbQg Ïprnfr ^^ubpQ,

b hbшbшpшp ibpçÇQQbpÇu rnnrn^bi ábnQшnl t Ьш-шп10»1 щшш6шп4ш& íQшuQbpQ, gшQ фпёь ÇpbQg qnp&rnprnp щpшïшÇïшQ: UbqgÇ b ^n^pÇ-QÇ шQhшúшшbqbLÇnlpJшQ шbuшïbшÇ ^шщш^дт-PJшúp hbqÇQшïQbpQ Q2niú bQ, np UщpшQgQbpÇ pbpnipjniQQbpÇ hbшbшQgní íQшu щшш6шпь1п1 ьш-pшpbpnlpJnlQQbpnlú úbqgQ шpшшhшJШínlú t pb-pnipjniQ niQbgnq UщpшQgÇ шnïшJnlpJшúp: Ujl Ïbpщ шuш&' шpшшqpnqQ ^ú ^rnörnnnqQ «úbqш-ínp» bQ ШJQ prnQÇ hшúшp, np 2P2шQшnnlpJшQ Ùbç bQ qpbi шJQщÇuÇ UщpшQg, npQ rnn^rn pbpnlpJшQ щшшйшпп^ ¿Ç hшúшщшшшuËшQnlú hшuшpш-ÏnlpJшQ hшúшp QQqniQbiÇ шQíшшQqnlpJшQ b

27

npuil]|i iqmhmügübpjiü :

Ubq hшúшp шпш^»! QQqniQbiÇ t hbqÇQшïQbpÇ bpïpnpq ËùpÇ únшbдnlÚQ, gшQÇ np ^QrnuQbpÇ Ьш-шnlдúшQ hÇúQшïшQ фnlQïgÇшQ n¿ úÇшJQ щbшg t qÇшшpïíÇ pшдшnшщbu фnËhшшnlgúшQ qnp&ш-nnijpÇ, rnji Qшb ïшQËшpqbLÇ¿ (hшïшÇpшíшïшQ íшpgшqÇ& qpubnpbini qbщgnlú pшдшuшïшQ hbшbшQgQbpÇ QшËшшbuúшQ b qprnQg ïÇprnnûrnQ hQшpшínpnlpJшQ), щшшdÇ¿ (hшQpшJÇQ 2шhbpÇ щш2ШщшQnlpJшQ) qnp&шnnlJpQbpÇ шpqJnlQшíbш ÇprngùrnQ шbuшQï^nlQÇg: Uш щшJÚшQшínpíш& t Qrnb rnjQ щшpq ÇpnqnlpJшúp, np hшuшpшïшïшQ hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpÇ qшpqшgúшQ JnlpшgшQ¿Jnlp фnlLnlú Qbpqnp&nipjrnQ ùÇçngQbpÇ hшúшïшpqQ щbшg t ibprnQrnjiÇ, npщbuqÇ hшúшpdbg iÇQÇ щш2ШщшQínq 2шhÇ tnlpJшQQ, ÇQ¿щbu Qшb ^ш-шшpíш& ÇpшíшËшËшúшQ pQnijpÇQ, qpш íшшQ-qrnínpnipjrnQQ:

UpшшuшhúшQJшQ bpïpQbpÇ qшшшïшQ щpшïшÇïшJÇ niuniùQrnuÇpnipjniQQ gnijg t шшLÇu, np щшшdÇ¿ íQшuQ hшшnlgínlú t hÇúQшïшQnlú rnjQ qnp&bpÇ 2P2шQшïnlú, npnQgní щшpqínlú t, np'

1) rnn^rn t bqbi QQqhшQnlp шbqbïшgíш&nl-pjniQ UщpшQgÇ hQшpшínp íшшQqÇ úшuÇQ,

2) QQpшдgÇ Ùbç qшQínq qшшшíшpnlpJnlQÇд ; qшш U^rnQgÇ pbpnlpJшQ щшшйшпп^ шл шй-árnQg QшËÏÇQnlú bu щшшйшп^»! t íQrnu,

3) UщpшQgÇ pbpnlpJшQ íbpшдúшQ ^rnú Ьш-uшpшïnlpJшQQ UщpшQgÇ pbpnlpJшQ ùrnuÇQ шь-qbïшдQbLnl hшpgnlú й^шш^»! t hшщшqnlú, áqá-

qnitf,

4) m^mgnig^bi t, np U^pmQgl mjipQmpmQ-gmjlQ Qm^mq&nitfp mQmbum^bu mnm^bi ^imm-Q1 t: GQq npnitf, qmmd^j iQmup un^npmpmp hm-

mnig^nitf t mjQ qb^gnitf, bpp mn^m bQ i^mjm^n-

28

¿ui& bp I] ill Ipuii iui|b| qbiqgbpji huiduiljqnippii Q :

UbQg mjQ mbum^bm^Q bQg, np qmmd^j iQm-ul Qm^mmbunitfp n ¿1mjQ ^mpnq t hbmm^Qqbi iQmu ^mmfimnnq^Q ^mmdbjni U m^mqmjnitf hm-dmQ^mQ qb^gbpp ^¿^bu iQmu ^mmfimnnql, mjQ^bu ¿L mji mQdmQg ^nqtf^g ^mQ^bjni Q^m-mm^ (^mQ^mpqbil ^niQ^g^m), mjiU Lnip? qbpm-^mmmpnid niQbQmi gmqmgmglmlpm^m^mQ hm-pmpbpnipjniQQbpl ¿muQm^lgQbpl ^pm^m^m^ 4mpgmq&1 ^pmQtfmQ, hmQpmjlQ Ipm^m^mQ 2m-hbpl ^mh^mQnipjmQ mbumQ^jniQ^g (qmmd^j ^niQ^g^m): U^pmQgQbpl pbpnipjniQQbpl hbmUmQgni ^mmfimn^mfr iQmul qb^gnitf ^mm-dl iQmul hmmnigtfmQ IQumlmniml Qbptfni&nitfp mnidnql 2mhbp1 ^m2m^mQnipjniQp ^qmpdQl mnm^bi nbmi, ^Qqmum^ U^pmQgQbpl qmm2mfi npm^l U mQ^mmQqnipjmQ m^mhn^tfmQp, U np^bu ibp^Qm^mQ mpqjniQg Lnip? ^pmQ ^hmQq^umQm u^mnnqQbpl Ipm^niQgQbpl hmumpm^m^mQ ^m2m^mQnipjmQ ¿b^mQ^qtfQbpl ^mmmpbim-qnpMmQ hmtfmp: kmp&nitf bQg, np U^pmQgQbpl pbpnipjniQQbpl hbmUmQgni iQmu ^mmfimnbini hmpmpbpnipjniQQbpl 2p?mQm^nitf mQd^Q ^bmg t pQdbnbi n^ Qjnipm^mQ iQmul hmmnigtfmQ hQmpm-inpnipjniQ npn2m^^ umh^mQm^m^ qb^gbpnitf, np^buql m^mhn^il QmU qpm ^^pmnJmdp hb-mm^Qq^nq Qqmmm^li ^pmim^m^nipjniQp U hm-¿mpdbgnipjniQp:

Gum mjqtf, qmQnitf bQg, np ^mmdl iQmul hmmnigtfmQ hQmpminpnipjniQ ^bmg t Qm^mmbu-il mjQ qb^gnitf, bpp ^mpqib t, np ¿Qmjmi mjQ hmQqmtfmQg^Q, np U^pmQgp iQmu t ^mmfimnbi mQdl ^jmQglQ, mnnqgnipjmQp ^mtf qnijg^Q, iQmu ^mmfimnnqp «U^mnnqQbpl Ipm^niQgQbpl ^m2m^mQnipjmQ ¿mu^Q» AA opbQgl 8-pq hnqim-5-pq ¿muni Qm^mmbu^mfr lp ^mpmm^mQni-pjmQp hmJmqmmmu^mQ mQhm^mq ¿1 qmqm-pbgpbi QtfmQ U^pmQgl mpmmqpnipjniQp (ipmgni-¿p) ^mtf ¿l^ngQbp ¿1 dbnQmp^bi mjQ 2p?mQmnni-pjniQlg mQhm^mq hmQbini hmtfmp, npl mpqjniQ-gnitf iQmu t ^mmfimn^bi mji u^mnnqQbpl ^jmQ-glQ, mnnqgnipjmQp ^mtf qnijglQ: GQq npnitf ^mp-&nl¿ bQg, np Q¿mQ iQmul hmmnlg¿mQ ¿m^p npn2-bini hm¿mp qmmmpmQl inq¿1g ^bmg t hm2i1 mnQibQ mjQ^lul hmQqm¿mQgQbp' ^¿^lu^g bQ' ^mmfimn^mi iQmul pQnijpp, hm^mlpm^m^mQ 4mpgmq&1 qpubnp¿m¿p ^mJ¿mQm4np4m& hmQ-pnipjmQ hm¿mp hQmpm^np immQqp, mjq immQql ibpmpbpjmi iQmu ^mmfimnmi mQdl ipmqb^^m-inipjmQ ¿m^mpqm^p, hm^m^pm^m^mQ impgmq-qpubnp¿mQ mUnqnipjniQp, iQmu ^mmfimnmi mQdl qnp&bim^bp^p Q¿mQ impgmq^i qpuUnpb-Lnig hbmn, hm^m^pm^m^mQ impgmq^i qpuUnpb-Lnig hbmn ibpg^Q^u dbnQmp^mi ¿l^ngQbpp:

tljq limuliQ ui11uu| 111 i5ui0 puu5uiu0 inb'u Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 "On the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products", Official S3 Journal of the European Communities, L.210, 1985, N 07/08:

¿J Sb'u, Sawaya, Danielle. "Not Just for Products Liability: Applying the Economic Loss Rule Beyond Its Origins",

Fordham L. Rev., 2014, N 83, t? 1086, t? 1093: ^ tljq duiuliG ui11uu| 111 i5ui0 puu5uiu0 inb'u Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 "On the approximation of the | laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products", Official 5 Journal of the European Communities, L.210, 1985, N 07/08:

| * Sb'u, Kim, Chan Jin. "The Korean Product Liability Act", Korean J. Int'l & Comp, 2005, L.33:47, l.y 112:

• Sb'u, Green Paper "Liability for Defective Products, Commission of the European Communities", 1999, l.y 32: F Sb'u, GnijG inbqniii, l.y 32:

s Sb'u, Report from the Commission on the Application of Directive 85/374 on Liability for Defective Products, 2001, l.y 25:

S

lljq рфий' р ш d [i 11 ui п й' и 11 р 11CJ plunq lipunjniGpGbpp, mpmnQmqpbpp, IjliGuuipiyuilj uinuiGuqni lipunjniGpp, шрр^шршдш]^ hrnrnnignidQbpp, ^шрйш^бшр^ Ьрш^шЛрр, ¿ЬпОшр^шш^рш^шО qnpdniQbnipjniQ |ipuiliuiGuig Gbpi hbui фшцфид lipunjniGpGbpp:

Sb'u, Grgiae Aida, Zvonimir Mataga, Matija Longar and Ana Vilfan. "The Right to Property under the European Convention on Human Rights", Council of Europe, 2007, Handbook N 10, I.у 7:

Sb'u, 'пириицЬшциО ЪД, Ula|iiulpuOnippuO ш О й 11110 й' | и 11111 n i pj ш 0 uljqpniQpp puiquipuigliuiliiuG (рпифиОршй., uxuibQ, bpbuxQ, 2010, t^bp* 27-28:

Sb'u, Pressos Compania Naviera S.A. and others v. Belgium, Q-uiGquim N 17849/91, 20 Gnjbiipbp 1995 pL|iulpuO(i i|61m, l|bui 31:

1 Sb'u, Case of Kopecky v. Slovakia, Q-uiGquim N 44912/98, 28 ubiqmbiSpbp 2004 рфи1щШ11 l|61ui, Ijbui 49: 13 Sb'u, Burdov v. Russia, Q-uiGquim N 59498/00, 7 й'ш.фи 2002 рфи1щШ11 l|61ui, Ijbui 40:

lljq й'иифО iunuu|li| й'шОршй'шиО inb'u Богдан В. "Еражданско-правовые способы защиты прав потребителей в сфере торговли и услуг", Юрист, 2003, N 7, hшuшQbф Е https://www.lawmix.ru/comm/3874 hqnidni" 03.04.2018 рфи1|ш0(1 qpnipjuulp:

Uiquxnnq tp гфинир^фий' uxjG puxquxpuxgliG, ni| ¿blip t pbpnid lIiqpuiGpGbp шОйОшфиО, pGuiuxGblpnG U Ишй'шОй'шО ш|| lpup(ipOlipli hunJuxp, npnGp l|iuup|iud sbG Ырий'пна uuiuxGuxpii hbin:

Sb'u, uxju ЫифОийф Ijiupdjipp Богдан В. "Еражданско-правовые способы защиты прав потребителей в сфере торговли и услуг", Юрист, 2003, N 7, hшuшQbф Е https://www.lawmix.ru/comm/3874 hqnidn^, 03.04.2018 píшhшQh г|ршр|шй'р: Sb'u, GnijG uibqnuJ:

Sb'u, Парций Я.И. "Комментарий к Закону "О защите прав потребителей"". М., 1997, ИшишОЬф I. https://www.lawmix.i4i/commlaw/1133 hr]niiinij 03.04.2018 рфи1ри0(1 qpnipjuulp: Sb'u, Sawaya, Danielle. "Not Just for Products Liability: Applying the Economic Loss Rule Beyond Its Origins",

Fordham L. Rev., 2014, N 83, ¿9 1075:

20

Sb'u, Henning Veedfald v Arhus Amtskommune, 10 йшфи 2001 piluxliuxGli l|6(111, qnp& C-203/99:

21

OpliGuxli 464-pq linqilux& 3-pq й'ши, 1040-pq linqilux& 4-pq й'ши, 1037-pq hnqilui&, 597-pq linqilui& 3-pq й'ши, 690-pq

linqilui& li uiji i]liu|plipnu)i opbGuqpnpbG huuiuili ишИй'шОфий't ii]iiu|Ci lipuilpnG ilGuiuli Ишинидй'шО й'иифО:

22

Sb'u, Schuster, Richard D. "Punitive Damages Awards in Strict Products Liablity Litigation: The Doctrine, the Debate, the Defenses", Ohio St. LJ, 1981, N 42, ¿9bps 771-772:

23

Sb'u, f-li|)iHiqjuiO Q-.s-, ss puiquipuigliuiliuiG opbGuqpnipjunlp ns GjnipuiliuiG ilGuiuli Ишинидй'шО й"2шрр hшpgbph 2nip2, b^A hpшíшqhщnlpJшQ фш^т^тЬт^ щpnфbunpшqшuшËnuшhшQ hшqйh qhшшhшQ Qjnipbph dnqnilui&ni, bphuiG, Ь-'iR hpuun, 2015, l.y 197:

Sb'u, Owen, David G. "Punitive Damages in Products Liability Litigation", Michigan Law Review, 1976, N 74.7, I.у 1296:

25

Sb'u, Schuster, Richard D. "Punitive Damages Awards in Strict Products Liablity Litigation: The Doctrine, the Debate, the Defenses", Ohio St. LJ, 1981, N 42, t?bp 773-776:

lljq й'иифО uinuu|li| й'шОршй'шиО inb'u Wertheimer, Ellen. "Punitive damages and strict products liability: An essay in oxymoron", Vill.L.Rev., 1994, N 39, l.y 506-523: Sb'u, Schuster, Richard D., GnijG ui2luuimnipjniGp, l.yhp 779-782: Sb'u, Schuster, Richard D., GnijG ui2luuimnipjniGp, I.у 774:

I

I

.S

3 .0

Шушаник Гукасян

Заместитель начальника департамента развития антикоррупционной и пенитенциарной политики министерства юстиции РА, аспирант кафедры гражданского права юридического факультета Ереванского государственного университета

РЕЗЮМЕ

Особенности возмещения вреда, причиненного имуществу вследствие недостатков товаров, работ и услуг В статье анализируются особенности возмещения вреда причиненного имуществу вследствие недостатков товаров, работ и услуг, обсуждается вопрос о возможности подачи иска о возмещении вреда в случае дефекта продукта без причинения вреда другому имуществу, представлена доктрина штрафнык убыгтков.

Ключевые слова: продукты, работы, услуги, вред причиненный имуществу, компенсация, штрафные убытки.

Shushanik Ghukasyan Ministry of Justice of RA The Deputy Head of Anticorruption and Penitentiary Policy Development Department PhD student of the Chair of Civil Law of the Faculty of Law of the Yerevan State University

SUMMARY

Peculiarities of compensation for damage caused to property by shortcomings of goods, works and services The article analyzes the peculiarities of compensation for damage caused to property by shortcomings of goods, works and services, the issue of possibility of filing a claim for compensation for damage in case of a product defect without causing damage to other property was discussed, the doctrine of punitive damages was presented. Key words: products, works, senices, damage caused to property, compensation, punitive damage.

a .o