7Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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OPTIMISM OF WILLIAM SHAKESPERE' S TRAGEDIES
Gulsanam Husan kizi Ahrorova
Student, Chirchik state pedagogical university
gulsanamahrorova25721 @gmail.com Scientific adviser: Elvina Reshatovna Kenjali EFL teacher, Chirchik state pedagogical university [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This article provides information about one of the most famous English writers, William Shakespeare, and his tragedies. English literature's long-lasting fascination with tragedy, a genre deeply rooted in ancient Greek tradition, finds its apex in the works of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare's tragedies are renowned for their exploration of human nature, complex characters, and depiction of tragic events, such as "Hamlet," "Macbeth," and "Romeo and Juliet" and others. This analysis will present research-supported information, including references and excerpts, on the theme of tragedy in Shakespeare's plays.
Keywords: William Shakespeare, tragedy, action hero, parts, plays, protagonist.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Эта статья содержит информацию об одном из самых известных английских писателей, Уильяме Шекспире, и его трагедиях. Длительное очарование английской литературы трагедией, жанром, глубоко укоренившимся в древнегреческой традиции, находит свой пик в произведениях Уильяма Шекспира. Трагедии Шекспира известны своими исследованиями человеческой природы, сложными персонажами и изображением трагических событий, таких как «Хамлет», «Макбет», «Ромео и Джульетта» и другие. Этот анализ будет представлять научно-поддерживаемую информацию, включая ссылки и выдержки, на тему трагедии в пьесах Шекспира.
Ключевые слова: Уильям Шекспир, трагедия, действие героя, части, пьесы, главный герой.
INTRODUCTION
William Shakespeare is renowned for his powerful tragedies that delve into themes of betrayal, revenge, and human suffering. While his plays are often characterized by their dark and tragic elements, a closer examination reveals moments of optimism and resilience that offer a glimmer of hope amidst the despair. Additionally,
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April 23-24, 2024
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
Shakespeare's tragedies often explore themes of forgiveness, reconciliation, and the potential for personal growth and transformation. Characters who experience profound suffering and loss are sometimes able to find solace and healing through acts of forgiveness and reconciliation with others, suggesting that even in the darkest moments, there is the potential for redemption and renewal. In this article, we will explore how Shakespeare infuses his tragedies with themes of redemption, forgiveness, and human resilience, showcasing the enduring optimism that shines through even in the darkest of times.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
William Shakespeare, a renowned playwright and poet from the Elizabethan era, is celebrated for his significant contributions to literature and theater. William Shakespeare was born and christened in Stratford-upon-Avon, a bustling market town situated approximately 100 miles northwest of London, on April 26, 1564. Shakespeare's early plays showcase his versatility and mastery of different genres, from the gruesome tragedy of "Titus Andronicus" to the light-hearted comedy of "The Two Gentlemen of Verona" and the historical drama of the "Henry VI" trilogy. His association with various theater companies allowed him to experiment with different styles and themes, honing his craft as a playwright.
Joining the Lord Chamberlain's Men marked a significant turning point in Shakespeare's career, providing him with a stable platform to showcase his talents and collaborate with other talented actors and writers. The establishment of the Globe Theatre further solidified his reputation as a leading figure in the London theater scene.
Shakespeare authored various tragedies that each has distinct differences. However, a common underlying theme that pervades all of his tragic works has been described as the enduring melancholy essence of humanity. This somber tone is present in every tragedy written by Shakespeare. During his most prolific period from the mid-1590s to around 1612, Shakespeare produced some of his most enduring works that continue to captivate audiences centuries later. From the timeless tragedy of "Romeo and Juliet" to the fantastical comedy of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and the profound introspection of "Hamlet" and "King Lear," Shakespeare's plays delve into the complexities of human nature, morality, and power dynamics.
Tragedy is a play that ends sadly for the protagonist. It is quite obvious that Shakespeare has been so much inspired by Greek Tragedy. Aristotle in his legendry masterpiece, Poetics, outlined characteristics of a tragedy. "A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language; in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions." Arestotle (1907).
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April 23-24, 2024
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
Shakespeare's tragedy may be represented from some main points: tragic action and tragic hero. Tragic hero is integral part of in tragedies. One could argue that Shakespeare intended to portray his tragic heroes as being controlled by an unrelenting fate that they cannot influence. Is Hamlet driven forward by a force beyond his control, overpowering him? If this is the case, then we must categorize the play alongside Greek tragedies, where the main characters are viewed as being at the mercy of unstoppable and influential gods who conspire against them. The individuals in Greek tragedies are bound by Destiny; they do not have the freedom to choose. According to Adade-Yeboah, Ahenkora and Amankwah "through prophecies man sees the power of the gods who only inform, leaving him in a wide scope of his thought and plans". We think it is not difficult to show that such is not the case with Shakespeare's characters, and that they are given a choice. However, unlike the victims in Greek tragedies who have no choice, Shakespeare's characters are shown to have agency and the ability to make decisions. Macbeth and Brutus, for instance, deliberate over their choices before ultimately making the wrong decisions that lead to their downfall. It is not until after these choices are made that a sense of inevitable destiny takes over. Therefore, it may be more accurate to view Shakespeare's tragedies as being about the interplay between character and destiny, rather than solely about the inevitability of fate. The tragedies unfold when the hero realizes they lack the qualities needed to navigate their circumstances, leading to their eventual ruin.
Shakespearean tragedies typically consist of three main parts. The first part, known as the Exposition, introduces the initial situation or state of affairs that sets the stage for the conflict to arise. The second part focuses on the development and escalation of the conflict, including its various twists and turns. Finally, the third part concludes with the resolution of the conflict in a catastrophic event. It emphasizes that in Shakespearean tragedies, the characters are more important than the action itself. This highlights the significance of human character and behavior in times of distress, portraying how individuals face challenges with courage and heroism. Elizabethan drama, including Shakespeare's works, is seen as a reflection of human greatness, showcasing how individuals respond to adversity and difficulties. Shakespeare's tragedy illustrates a conflict which terminates in a catastrophe. The tragic action in a play can involve two types of conflicts. The first type is an external conflict, which can be between individuals or groups, with the hero often facing defeat. In "Hamlet," this outward conflict is seen as Hamlet battles against Claudius and Laertes, leading to his ultimate downfall. The second type of conflict is internal, occurring within the hero's own heart, involving conflicting impulses and desires. In "Hamlet," we witness an inner struggle within Hamlet's mind. Johnson suggests that Hamlet's soliloquies reflect his noble nature grappling with a task for which he is ill-suited. Hamlet's character thus
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April 23-24, 2024
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
represents the universal human experience of facing tragic challenges, resonating with anyone who has felt powerless in the face of adversity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The connection between Shakespeare's life and his works sheds light on students' comprehension of English drama, particularly in understanding of his tragedies. This theme reflects aspects of Shakespeare's own experiences and beliefs, offering insight into his perspective on Elizabethan society. By delving into the tragic elements of his tragedies students can gain a deeper understanding of Shakespeare's views and intentions. However, EFL students often struggle with Shakespearean literature due to the complexity of the language, lack of teacher motivation, and apprehension about cultural differences. Therefore, Libyan literature and language students require support and encouragement from their community and educators to foster an appreciation for Shakespearean works. CONCLUSION
While Shakespeare's tragedies are renowned for their exploration of human suffering and tragedy, they also contain moments of optimism, redemption, and resilience that offer a glimmer of hope amidst the darkness. Through themes of forgiveness, love, and resilience, Shakespeare invites us to reflect on the enduring capacity of the human spirit to overcome adversity and find light in even the bleakest of circumstances. As we navigate our own challenges and struggles, let us draw inspiration from Shakespeare's tragedies and embrace the optimism that shines through his timeless works, reminding us of the resilience and hope that define the human experience.
REFERENCES
1. Aristotle, The Poetics of Arestotle - London. 1907.
2. Adade-Yeboah A., Ahenkora K., Amankwah A.S. The Tragic Hero of the Classical Period. 2012.
3. Johnson S., Mr Johnson's Preface to his Edition of Shakespeare's Plays -London. 2005.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351971650_Shakespearean's_Tragedy_A_Des criptive_Study_on_King_Lear_by_William_Shakespeare
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