0Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
^hjrchiq^avlat^edagGgika^njVeriitii^
OPTIMISM OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S TRAGEDIES
Sabina Nurmatqizi Janibekova
Student of Chirchiq State Pedagogical University
Email address: zanibekovasabma00@gmail .com Scientific adviser: Kobilova Nafisa Raimovna
ABSTRACT
When it comes to William Shakespeare's tragedies, one can find elements of optimism amid the inherently tragic themes. While the tragedies themselves often revolve around themes of betrayal, loss, and death, there are certain aspects that can be interpreted as optimistic and this article provides information about them.
Keywords: Courage, compassion, empathy, tragedy, unfortunate incident, fate, doomed hero, suffering
ANNOTATSIYA
Uilyam Shekspirning fojialari haqida gap ketganda, tabiatan fojiali mavzular orasida optimizm elementlarini topish mumkin. Fojialarning o'zi ko'pincha xiyonat, yo'qotish va o'lim mavzulari atrofida aylansa-da, optimistik deb talqin qilinishi mum-kin bo'lgan ba'zi jihatlar mavjud va bu maqola ular haqida ma'lumot beradi.
Kalit so'zlar: Bardoshlilik, rahm-shavqat, hamdardlik, tragediya, baxtsiz hodi-sa, mojaro,.fojiali qahramon, azob chekmoq.
INTRODUCTION
William Shakespeare's tragic works represent a harmonious fusion of Aristotelian principles and Senecan influences, imbued with a rich tapestry of poetic sensibilities and profound experiences. Critics have often described his tragedies as poignant narratives of empathy, where the central figure endures immense suffering. Across his body of work, certain recurrent themes and motifs resonate consistently: the inexorable hand of fate shaping destinies, the clash of forces engendering internal and external conflict, the inherent frailty of the tragic hero, moments of levity through comic interludes, the interjection of supernatural elements heightening the dramatic tension, the deft utilization of irony to underscore thematic nuances, the notion of poetic justice imbuing the narrative with moral resonance, the cathartic release of emotions through profound moments of purification, and the transformative evolution of characters amidst the crucible of adversity. These enduring features collectively illuminate Shakespeare's tragedies as masterpieces that delve into the essence of human
April 23-24, 2024
612
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
^hjrchiqdavlat^edagGgika^niversiteti^^^^^^^Za
experience, inviting readers and audiences alike to contemplate the complexities of existence and the profound depths of the human soul.
MAIN PART
The consensus among scholars is that William Shakespeare authored a total of 37 plays. Conventionally, Shakespeare's dramatic works have been categorized into three distinct genres: comedies, histories, and tragedies. These plays encompass the entire oeuvre of the esteemed playwright and are structured across four distinct periods corresponding to stages in his literary career. Each of these periods delineates a pivotal phase in Shakespeare's artistic evolution, showcasing the progression and maturation of his craft over time.
Throughout the third period of his literary career (1601-1608), William Shakespeare composed his renowned tragedies ("Hamlet," "Troilus and Cressida," "Othello," "King Lear," "Macbeth," "Timon of Athens," "Antony and Cleopatra," "Coriola-nus"), cementing his status as an immortal figure in the realm of literature. Within this period, each play, with the exception of "Pericles," showcases Shakespeare's profound contemplation of the darker aspects of human existence. Even the two comedies from this era, "All's Well That Ends Well" and "Measure for Measure," veer towards disquietude rather than mirth, prompting their classification as "problem" comedies or "bitter" comedies. "Pericles," on the other hand, marks Shakespeare's foray into the realm of romance, characterized by a predominantly serious undertone but concluding with a felicitous resolution.
Characteristics of Shakespearean Tragedy...
A tragedy is a theatrical work wherein a sequence of events culminates in the ruin of the principal character, known as the tragic hero. The narrative unfolds towards a catastrophic conclusion, typically resulting in the demise of the hero and often impacting several other characters.
Tragic Hero:
In tragedy, the focal point is the tragic hero, typically a figure of elevated status, who confronts their downfall with nobility. This figure embodies a prevalent archetype in dramatic works.Central to the narrative is the tragic flaw, an inherent mistake in judgment or a character weakness, often exemplified in the form of hubris. The tragic hero eventually acknowledges this flaw and its repercussions, albeit when it is beyond rectification. This self-awareness contributes to the hero's moral redemp-tion.Notwithstanding the tragic flaw, the tragic hero's character is often imbued with redeeming qualities that evoke empathy or garner support from the audience.
The ultimate catastrophe in a tragedy arises directly from the tragic hero's in-
April 23-24, 2024
613
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
herent flaw, rather than being a random occurrence or mere coincidence. This principle underscores the deliberate causality within the narrative structure.The tragic hero typically embodies a relatable "human" character, serving as a mirror for the audience's own complexities and struggles, fostering a sense of connection and empathy. Moreover, the tragic hero commonly experiences dashed expectations or thwarted aspirations, adding depth to their characterization and contributing to the unfolding tragedy.
In the realm of William Shakespeare's tragic works, amidst their intrinsic themes of betrayal, bereavement, and mortality, discernible threads of optimism can be identified. Despite the predominant focus on sorrowful motifs, there exist elements within these tragedies that offer potential for a positive interpretation.
1. Catharsis: Shakespeare's tragedies often provide a sense of catharsis for the audience. Through the experience of witnessing the tragic events unfold on stage, viewers are able to release pent-up emotions and gain a deeper understanding of the human condition.
2. Redemption: Some of Shakespeare's tragic characters experience moments of redemption before their ultimate downfall. These moments of realization or acceptance can be seen as hopeful or optimistic in the midst of tragedy.
3. Resilience: Despite facing overwhelming challenges, some characters in Shakespeare's tragedies display remarkable resilience and courage. This resilience can be viewed as an optimistic portrayal of the human spirit's ability to endure adversity.
4. Learning and Growth: Shakespeare's tragedies often highlight the importance of learning from mistakes and personal growth. Characters may undergo profound transformations through their experiences, suggesting that there is potential for positive change even in the face of tragedy.
5. Love and Compassion: Themes of love, loyalty, and compassion can be found in Shakespeare's tragedies, offering a counterbalance to the darker aspects of the narrative. These themes emphasize the power of human connection and empathy in the face of tragedy.
In essence, while Shakespeare's tragedies are known for their tragic endings and explorations of human suffering, they also contain elements of optimism that speak to the resilience, redemption, and growth of the human spirit.
СONCLUSION
Generally, Shakespearean tragedy delves into the tumultuous existence and deeds of its central figure. A.C. Bradley outlines the structure of Shakespearean trag-
April 23-24, 2024
614
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
edy as comprising three essential components: exposition, conflict, and catastrophe. While Shakespeare adhered to the Aristotelian model, his unique craftsmanship infuses his tragedies with grandeur and depth. A recurring feature across his tragic works is the inevitable demise of the hero, characterized by profound emotional and spiritual torment. In the hero's narrative journey, death often serves not as a punitive measure but as a release. Shakespeare's creative pinnacle, marked by his greatest tragedies, emerged during the third phase of his literary career. Reflecting on his initial literary phase, encompassing the composition of twenty-six sonnets and seven plays from 1585 to 1594, we witness the influences of various writers converging to shape Shakespeare's distinct path to becoming a revered and accomplished literary figure, distinguished by his innovative techniques.
REFERENCES
1.Bradley, A. C. (1991). Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and
2.Macbeth. London: Penguin.
3.Shakespeare William (1972-1996). G. K. Hunter, ed. King Lear. New Penguin Publication.
4.Stoll, E. E. (1943). "Source and Motive in Macbeth and Othello". The Review of English Studies. Oxford University Press.
5.Chauhan, Abnish Singh (2016). William Shakespeare King Lear. Bhavdiya Pra-kashan, Ayodhya, India.
6.Kobilova, N. R. (2021). Developing Listening Comprehension Skills Songs on a Cluster Basis. Academic research in educational sciences, 2(CSPI conference 2), 133138.
7. https: //www.bard.org/study- guides/an-optimistic-tragedy/ https://study.com/learn/lesson/shakespeare-tragedies-themes.html https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374166800 Shakespearean Comedies Exp loring the Art of Laughter and Love
615
April 23-24, 2024
