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СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ
OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWING DURUM WHEAT IN DRYLAND
REGIONS
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Karshiyev A.E. , Bobomirzayev P.Kh. , Choriyeva M.M. Email: Karshiyev6113@scientifictext.ru
'Karshiev Alisher Eshmamatovich - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR STORAGE AND PRIMARY PROCESSING OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, KARSHI ENGINEERING-ECONOMICS INSTITUTE, KARSHI; 2Bobomirzaev Pirnazar Khursanovich - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate
Professor, DEPARTMENT OF AGROTECHNOLOGY, SAMARKAND INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, SAMARKAND; 3Chorieva Mukaddam Mavlonovna - Master's degree Student, DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR STORAGE AND PRIMARY PROCESSING OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, KARSHI ENGINEERING-ECONOMICS INSTITUTE, KARSHI, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: it is not a secret that food security around the world is a pressing issue today. Growing durum wheat varieties under unfavorable conditions is important in solving this problem. The article presents the influence of the norms and terms of the application of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, yield, and quality of the grain, as well as the possibility of cultivating durum wheat in the rainfed typical serozem of the Kashkadarya region. As well as the information is provided on the total moisture content of arable lands in the country, the amount of annual precipitation, the average monthly relative humidity, and grown hard wheat in the arable, foothills, foothills and plains of the Kashkadarya region.
Keywords: durum wheat, arid regions, grain harvest, cultivation, fertilization.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ТВЕРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ РЕГИОНАХ
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Каршиев А.Э. , Бобомирзаев П.Х. , Чориева М.М.
'Каршиев Алишер Эшмаматович - старший преподаватель, кафедра технологии хранения и первичной переработки сельхозпродукции, Каршинский инженерно-экономический институт, г. Карши; 2Бобомирзаев Пирназар Хурсанович - доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент,
кафедра агротехнологии, Самаркандский институт ветеринарной медицины, г. Самарканд; 3Чориева Мукаддам Мавлоновна - магистр, кафедра технологии хранения и первичной переработки сельхозпродукции, Каршинский инженерно-экономический институт, г. Карши, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: хорошо известно, что сегодня проблема продовольственной безопасности во всем мире является актуальной. Важное значение в решении этой проблемы имеет выращивание твердых сортов пшеницы в неблагоприятных условиях. В статье представлено влияние норм и сроков внесения минеральных удобрений на рост, развитие, урожайность и качество зерна, а также возможность возделывания твердой пшеницы на богарных типичных сероземах
Кашкадарьинской области. А также представлена информация об общей влажности пашни в стране, количестве годовых осадков, среднемесячной относительной влажности и выращиваемой твердой пшенице в пашнях, предгорьях и равнинах Кашкадарьинской области.
Ключевые слова: твердая пшеница, засушливые регионы, урожай зерна, выращивание, удобрения.
UDC 633.11+631.51+631.82
In the world's leading grain-growing countries such as China, India, Russia, USA, France, grain yield and quality are improved due to the selection of ecologically suitable varieties of durum wheat, optimization of cultivation technologies (sowing time, norms, fertilizers, etc.). , an increase in the tolerance of plants to external stressors is observed. Durum wheat is more resistant to drought, high temperatures, less susceptible to rust and scab, and less likely to spill when ripe than biologically soft wheat. Improving the productivity and quality of cereals, including durum wheat, is one of the most important tasks in today's grain industry to further strengthen food security.
The yield of cereals grown on arable lands in our country has always been important in meeting domestic demand. Today, the needs of the population in grain are met mainly by irrigated crops. In dry farming, the cultivation of wheat, especially durum wheat, improving the yield and grain quality, and the efficient use of arable land are important challenges for grain production.
According to the State Committee for Land Resources and Cadastre of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as of January 1, 2009, there are a total of 754,000 hectares of arable land in 6 regions of the country [5; 192-195-p.]. Dry lands cover more than 350,000 hectares in the mountains, foothills, hills and plains of Kashkadarya region alone [1; p. 23].
The grain quality of durum wheat grown in the arable lands of the country is slightly higher than the quality of grain grown on irrigated lands [6].
In the humid mountainous region, which accounts for more than 60% of the total arable land in the country, the average annual rainfall is 325 mm, the average monthly temperature is 11.60C, the average monthly relative humidity. and humidity is 43.5 [4; Рp. 320-338].
Expanding the cultivation of durum wheat in the arable lands of Uzbekistan will create great opportunities for improving the quality of grain products. It is noted that in the southern regions of Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions, irrigated and drought-tolerant areas have high grain quality of drought-resistant durum wheat [2; Pp. 23-39].
In recent years, little attention has been paid to feeding local crops with local and mineral fertilizers. When grain is grown, a lot of nutrients are taken away along with the crop. However, the lack of replacement of the removed nutrients leads to a gradual decline in soil fertility, leading to a negative balance of humus and mineral nutrients [3; 257-260-p.].
The effectiveness of organic and mineral fertilizers on dry lands depends in many respects on the amount of annual precipitation, how they are distributed during the growing season, soil fertility, applied agro-technological measures, fertilizer standards, etc. It varies depending on the timing and many other factors.
Several varieties of durum wheat (Leukurum 3, Javokhir, Marvarid, Mingchinor, etc.) have been developed for fall sowing in the drylands and are included in the state register. However, the sown areas of these varieties do not meet the needs of the republic. However, our country has the scientific and practical potential to grow enough durum wheat.
In Kashkadarya region, the sowing rate is 2.0 per hectare in the foothills (semi-humid Chirakchi district) and foothills (Kitab district); 2.5; 3.0; 3.5 mln. timing and norms of application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers to germinating seeds 1. Control (without nitrogen); 2. Application of nitrogen 20 kg per hectare in spring accumulation; 3. 20 kg per hectare in spring accumulation of nitrogen) and application of 20 kg in tubing; 4. Nitrogen application in spring accumulation of 40 kg per hectare; 5. Nitrogen application in spring accumulation of 40 kg per hectare and in tubing of 20 kg on the effect on the yield and
quality of durum wheat According to our experiments, the planting rate of Leukurum 3 and Pearl varieties in the hilly region of arable land is 2.0 mln. winter hardiness of 12.2, depending on the variety, when propagated from 3.5 million germinated seeds; There was a decrease of 11.2%, a shortening of the growing period by 3-4 days, and a ripening of durum wheat 9-12 days earlier than Leukurum 3 variety Pearl navigator. In the mountainous region of Lalmikor, Leukurum 3 and Pearl varieties are grown at an acceptable rate of 2.5 million. 12.4 according to varieties when sown on fertile seeds; 14.8 ts / ha of grain and 3.0 mln. 14.2, respectively, when sown on fertile seeds; 16.7 ts / ha of grain yield. With the increase in sowing rates, the grain mass, grain nature, vitreous content, grain protein and gluten content per 1000 decreased. In the foothills of the drylands, when phosphorus fertilizers are applied at 40 kg / ha per hectare before plowing and nitrogen at 40 kg / ha in the spring, the highest grain yield in the Pearl variety is 13.7 t / ha, and in the foothills - phosphorus. application of fertilizers R60 kg / ha before plowing and nitrogen accumulation in the spring 40 kg / ha and in the tillage phase 20 kg / ha ensured a quality and abundant yield of 16.5 ts / ha.
In the hilly region of Lalmikor, when the Leukurum 3 and Marvarid varieties are planted at an acceptable rate (2.5 million germinated seeds), the cost per 1 ton of grain grown is 7.4, compared to the relatively low varieties; 6.2 thousand soums, and the level of profitability is 33 in accordance with the high varieties; It was found to be 59%. In the foothills, Leukurum 3 and Pearl varieties were found to be more cost-effective when planted at acceptable rates (3.0 million germinated seeds).
In the foothills of the drylands, Leukurum 3 and Pearl varieties are grown at an acceptable rate of 2.5 million, while in the foothills, 3.0 million. sowing at the expense of germinating seeds and application of 40 kg / ha of phosphorus fertilizers in the foothills before plowing and 40 kg of nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, 60 kg of phosphorus fertilizers in the foothills / ha before plowing and nitrogen is recommended to produce 40 kg / ha in spring accumulation and 20 kg / ha in tillage.
In summary, by optimizing the methods of durum wheat cultivation technology (sowing time, norms, fertilization regimes), production tests show that the cultivation of durum wheat on arable lands is more cost-effective than soft wheat on arable lands. and the results were proven during implementation.
References / Список литературы
1. Lavronov G.A., Miloserdov I.I. Cultivation of durum wheat in the rainfed lands of Uzbekistan. Agricultural crops on rainfed lands. Tashkent: "Fan", 1969. Pp. 23-39.
2. Aliqulov G'.N. Influence of pea varieties on growth, development and yield of Krasnovodopadskaya-210 variety of winter wheat in the conditions of mountain arable lands of Kashkadarya region: Autoref. dis. ... candidate of agricultural. sciences. Tashkent: 2012. P. 23.
3. Siddikov H., Yusupov H., Jo'raev M. Problems of efficient use of arable lands // Collection of scientific articles of the International scientific-practical conference "Scientific bases of grain growing in Uzbekistan and prospects of its development". "Sangzor" publishing house. Jizzakh, 2013. Pp. 257-260.
4. Haydarov B. Changes in soil moisture depending on the distribution of precipitation and its impact on wheat yield // The first national conference in Uzbekistan on wheat selection, seed production and cultivation technology. T., 2004. Pp. 320-338.
5. Yusupov X., Siddikov R., Jo'raev M., Yusupov N. Problems and tasks in the development of arable farming in the Republic // Selection, seed production and modern technologies of the gene pool of agricultural crops: Proceedings of the Republican scientific-practical conference. Tashkent, 2010. Pp. 192-195.
6. Berdiev Abdumalik Khakimovich, Rasulov Khurshid Kakhkhorovich. Sovremennyy ekonomicheskiy mekhanizm razvitiya sel'skogo khozyaystva // Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya, 2020. № 5-1 (83). URL: https://cyberleninka.m/artide/n/sovremennyy-ekonomicheskiy-mehanizm-razvitiya-selskogo-hozyaystva/ (date of access: 06.02.2021).
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА Мурзагарина З.Е. Email: Murzagarina6113@scientifictext.ru
Мурзагарина Зауре Ербулатовна - магистрант, кафедра социально-правовых и гуманитарно-педагогических наук, Саратовский государственный аграрный университет им. Н.И. Вавилова, г. Саратов
Аннотация: в статье проведён анализ подходов к формированию стратегии предприятия АПК. Рассматривается понятие «стратегия». Приводятся и характеризуются основные школы стратегий, дается классификация видов стратегий.
Ключевые слова: стратегия, предприятия АПК, школа, классификация конкурентоспособность, жизненный цикл, рынок.
FORMATION OF STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE OF AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Murzagarina Z.E.
Murzagarina Zaure Erbulatovna - Master's Student, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL-LEGAL AND HUMANITARIAN-PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES, SARATOV STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY N.I. VAVILOVA, SARATOV
Abstract: in article the analysis of approaches to formation of strategy of the enterprise of agrarian and industrial complex is carried out. The concept «strategy» is considered. The basic schools of strategy are resulted and characterized, classification of kinds of strategy is given.
Keywords: strategy, the agrarian and industrial complex enterprises, school, classification, competitiveness, life cycle, the market.
УДК 338.439.01
Агропромышленный комплекс (далее - АПК) является ключевым значением в экономике страны, так как относится к хозяйственным комплексам, формирующих условия жизнедеятельности населения.
Особенностями управления предприятиями АПК является высокая конкуренция на рынке сельскохозяйственной продукции, что обуславливается идентичностью продукции, а также приспособление к государственной политике и развитием менеджмента и маркетинга.
Эффективность управления предприятием, главным образом определяется уровнем разработки стратегии, а также совершенством процесса стратегирования в АПК.
Одним из ключевых методических вопросов в стратегическом менеджменте является формирование стратегии.
Первым автором определения понятия «стратегия» является Сунь Цзы, где в 400 г. до н.э. в трактате «Военное искусство», применил в отношении к военному искусству,
