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СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ
THE PRACTICE OF CULTIVATING MUNG BEAN Isaev S.H.1, Safarova H.H.2, Teshayev U.U.3, Nasrullayev Z.I.4 Email: [email protected]
1Isaev Sabirjan Husanbaevich - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND LAND RECLAMATION, TASHKENT INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATION AND MECHANIZATION ENGINEERS, TASHKENT; 2Safarova Hilola Holmatovna - doctoral Student, Assistant, DEPARTMENT IRRIGATION AND LAND RECLAMATION; 3Teshayev Ulugbek Utkir ugli - Student; 4Nasrullayev Zavkiddin Ibrokhim ugli - Student, DEPARTMENT OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND MELIORATION, BUKHARA BRANCH TASHKENT INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATION AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION ENGINEERS, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: mung culture has its significant place in the human diet, in agriculture, as well as in the country's economy. As in all crops, mung bean has its own cultivation specifics. The article is based on materials of modern scientific literature and experiments on mung in our country, abroad, as well as on the results of research and observations carried out by the authors in scientific research. The article analyzes the current state of development of muffin crops. The conclusion contains suggestions.
Keywords: mung varieties, crop rotation, agrotechnics, secondary crops, pesticides, agrophysical.
ПРАКТИКА ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ МАША Исаев С.Х.1, Сафарова Х.Х.2, Тешаев У.У.3, Насруллаев З.И.4
1Исаев Сабиржан Хусанбаевич - доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, кафедра ирригации и мелиорации, Ташкентский институт инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйства,
г. Ташкент;
2Сафарова Хилола Холматовна - докторант, ассистент, кафедра ирригации и мелиорации; 3Тешаев Улугбек Уткир угли - студент; 4Насруллаев Завкиддин Иброхим угли - студент, кафедра водного хозяйства и мелиорации, Бухарский филиал
Ташкентский институт инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйства,
г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: машевая культура имеет свое значимое место в рационе человека, в сельском хозяйстве, а также в экономике страны. Как и все культуры, маш имеет свою специфику возделывания. Статья основана на материалах современной научной литературы и экспериментах над машем в нашей стране, за рубежом, а также на результатах исследований и наблюдений, проведенных авторами в научных исследованиях. В статье проведен анализ текущего состояния развития машевых культур. В заключение приводятся предложения, позволяющие повысить продуктивность выращивания маша.
Ключевые слова: сорта маша, севооборот, агротехника, второстепенные культуры, пестициды, агрофизика.
In recent years, the risk associated with limited land resources and low quality content has been steadily increasing. By the years of independence, the cotton monopoly had risen to a high level. This has led to the weakening of the soil, a decrease in soil fertility, deterioration of its water-physical properties, an increase in processes such as soil degradation and drying. High levels of inorganic mineral fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides in Uzbekistan have led to soil contamination with various harmful substances.
The role of legumes in increasing the fertility of such soils and improving the agrophysical and microbiological properties of the soil is great. When legumes are planted in the field of cotton and other crops, they enrich the soil with organic matter and create an additional nutrient base. At the same time it allows to get 400-500 quintals of fodder per hectare for livestock in early spring.
Content and analysis of the research work. The science of academicians D.N. Pryanishnikov and V.R. Williams is of great importance for the development of the theory of efficiency of legumes.
D.N. Pryanishnikov, working on the huge problems of agrochemistry, proved that green fertilizers also play an important role in increasing crop yields. In Central Asian conditions, interest in green manure arose with the development of cotton growing.
When mung is grown as a secondary crop in winter wheat, it is possible to get a grain harvest twice a year, 60-70 t / ha from winter wheat, and 15-20 t / ha from mung, which is grown as a second crop. ts / e. As a result, the efficiency of the use of 1 hectare will increase by 100% and net income will increase by 30-40%. The level of profitability will increase by 20-25% and the cost of production will decrease by 15-20%.
A number of scientific studies have been conducted to study the role of secondary crops in increasing soil fertility and the impact on subsequent crops in different soil conditions of the country.
According to scientific analyzes, when moss was used as a green manure fertilizer, the cotton yield increased by 40-60 percent. It should be noted that free nitrogen in the air depends on the mechanism of assimilation of endogenous bacteria living in the roots of legumes and their weight, type, variety of plants, natural climatic conditions, agronomic techniques. According to Z.Jumaev and A.Sirimov, in the conditions of Karakalpakstan, along with a significant increase in protein in grain and beet mass, 100 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare of land was accumulated and 200-300 ts / ha of green mass was grown. LM Doroshinsky notes that feeding small amounts of nitrogen fertilizers to legumes at a young age will be effective for its further growth and development. While S.N. Vinogradsky studied the assimilation of free nitrogen in the air by legumes and the effect of agro-technical measures on their care, M.V. Fedorov studied the biological, physiological study of the assimilation of free nitrogen in the air by legumes. and developed biochemical bases.
Important work is being done to determine the amount of root and stem residues left in the soil as a result of planting legumes and the effect on subsequent crops, to study the effectiveness of growing moss in the stalks of autumn cereals. In these scientific studies, it has been proved that if the mash is planted as a repeat crop to the winter wheat husk at an early stage and at the normal seedling thickness, it is possible to get a grain yield of 17-19 ts / ha from the mash.
M.T. Kogay has studied the positive effects of legumes, including moss, on soil fertility by increasing soil fertility.
At the end of the growing season, winter wheat leaves an average of 1.41 t / ha of seed residues and 2.40 t / ha of root residues, while repeat crop mung leaves 0.80 t / ha of dung and 1.36 t / ha of root residues [40]. After leguminous crops planted in the field, the field germination, yield and grain quality of winter wheat seeds increase significantly relative to control (wheat + wheat).
Since irrigated lands are the main source of need, the main method of their efficient use is to use them continuously throughout the year and to cultivate them several times a year, which is the main issue by scientists scientifically and practically.
In particular, K. Eshmirzaev and others note that it is possible to increase the efficiency of arable lands through the cultivation of secondary crops in the valley, and by cultivating moss in these areas to get a grain yield of 15-18 ts / ha.
In irrigated eroded lands, repeated sowing of soybeans and moss after winter wheat enriches the soil with nutrients, improves its agrophysical and agrochemical composition, increases productivity and has a positive effect on next year's cotton yield.
At the same time, winter wheat is harvested, plowed, replanted, 120 kg of nitrogen, 150 kg of phosphorus and 30 kg of potassium are applied per hectare from mineral fertilizers. washing condition or soil deflation is reduced.
Hence, one of the promising ways to increase the efficiency of irrigated lands and soil fertility is to use the land continuously throughout the year and to use it efficiently in the cropping system several times a year.
References / Список литературы
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 14, 2017 № F-4849 "On organizational measures for the implementation of the action strategy in five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021".
2. Abduraxmonov I. The effect of repeated crops sown after winter wheat on the water-physical properties of the soil. Collection of reports of the Republican scientific-practical conference "Introduction of new energy-saving agro-technologies in agriculture". Tashkent, 2011. P. 85-86.
3. The role of moss and sesame in legumes and oilseeds in the soil and climatic conditions of Bukhara region, agro-technologies of cultivation. Durdona Publishing House, 2017. 35 p.
4. Xalikov B.M., Negmatova S.T. "Mung" monograph. Tashkent. Navruz Publishing House, 2020. Scientific Research Institute of Seed and Cultivation Agrotechnologies of Cotton Breeding. 188 pages.
