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СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND FEEDING RATES ON SPROUTING AND WINTERING OF WINTER WHEAT Yodgorov N.G. Email: Yodgorov6111@scientifictext.ru
Yodgorov Normumin Gulomovich - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, LABORATORY OF PLANT PROTECTION, AGROCHEMISTRY AND AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING, KASHKADARYA BRANCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR GRAIN AND LEGUMINOUS CROPS, KARSHI, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article reveals the field fertility of winter wheat seeds of the varieties "Alekseevich", "Bunyodkor" and "Shams" per 1m2 of area, the number of overwintered plants in the conditions of the upper mountain typical gray (Shakhrisabz district) and lower gray (Karshi district) soils of Kashkadarya oasis, the irrigation regime, the influence of the norms of mineral fertilizers. It is known that the most important agrotechnical measure in the cultivation of all agricultural crops, including winter wheat is to grow a plant of certain thickness per hectare. This is due to the fact that under certain conditions, the thickness of crops depends primarily on the germination of seeds, the rate and timing of sowing, soil and climatic conditions, soil preparation for sowing and planting, nature of the cultivated variety and a number of other factors.
Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, fertilizer, irrigation, norm, amount, growing, agrotechnical, indicator.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НОРМ ПОЛИВА И ПОДКОРМКИ НА ПРОРАСТАНИЕ И ЗИМОВКУ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ
Ёдгоров Н.Г.
Ёдгоров Нормумин Гуломович - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория защиты растений, агрохимии и агротехники, Кашкадарьинский филиал
Научно-исследовательский институт зерна и зернобобовых культур, г. Карши, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье раскрывается полевое плодородие семян озимой пшеницы сортов «Алексеевич», «Бунёдкор» и «Шамс» на 1м2 площади, количество перезимовавших растений в условиях верхней горной серой типичной (Шахрисабзский район) и нижней серой (Каршинский район) почвы Кашкадарьинского оазиса, режим орошения, влияние норм минеральных удобрений. Известно, что важнейшим агротехническим мероприятием при возделывании всех сельскохозяйственных культур, в том числе озимой пшеницы, является выращивание растения определенной толщины в год с гектара.Это связано с тем, что при определенных условиях густота посевов зависит в первую очередь от всхожести семян, нормы и сроков посева, почвенно-климатических условий, подготовки почвы к посеву и посадке, характера возделываемого сорта и ряда других факторов. Ключевые слова: озимая пшеница, сорта, удобрение, полив, норма, количество, выращивание, агротехника, показатель.
UDC 631.5, 631.8, 633.111 DOI: 10.24411/2312-8089-2021-10801
INTRODUCTION.
It is known that the most important agrotechnical measure in the cultivation of all agricultural crops, including winter wheat is to grow a plant of certain thickness per hectare.
This is due to the fact that under certain conditions, the thickness of crops depends primarily on the germination of seeds, the rate and timing of sowing, soil and climatic conditions, soil preparation for sowing and planting, nature of the cultivated variety and a number of other factors.
Studies show that the main reason for the destruction of wheat sown in autumn is the weak emergence of plants, their development during the hot autumn period, as well as a sharp change in temperature in snowy and snowless winters.
In our experiments, it was noticed that when autumn wheat varieties were damaged by the cold (after the snow melted), the leaves turned yellow, the joints and roots turned brown and dried out.
However, in healthy plants, after a few days, the leaves revive, the roots turn white, and they begin to go through the growing season.
The object of the research.
Researchers were conducted in the condition of high mountainous typical gray (Shakhrisabz district) and low light gray (Karshi district) soils of the Kashkadarya oasis on October 10-15, winter wheat varieties "Alekseevich", "Bunyodkor" and "Shams" were planted, the effect on the number of plants was determined by soil moisture LFMC (70-7060) and LFMC (75-80-70) in the irrigation regime of 1 control (without fertilizer) and 3 (Ni20P8oK60; Ni80Pi20K90 and N240Pi60Ki20 kg/ha) 1 m2 in the experimental variant.
The results of the research.
According to the biological characteristics of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of high mountainous typical gray soils of Kashkadarya oasis (Shakhrisabz district), in the irrigation regime of LFMC (70-70-60) the field germination of seeds averages 82.2-91.4%, LFMC (75-80-70) in the irrigation regime was 80.2-90.6%, respectively.
The temperature is directly related to the growth and development of winter wheat, and the average air temperature in December, January and February 2020 was 5.4;4.6 and 6.2 °C, and such temperatures slightly adversely affected the overwintering of winter wheat.
As a result, the wintering of winter wheat in the experimental field was average 71.093.5% in 2020.
In general, in the conditions of high-mountain typical gray soils (Shakhrisabz district) with the option of applying fertilizers N240Pi60Ki20 kg/ha in order of irrigation of LFMC(70-70-60), germination of winter wheat seeds, other experimental options (Control without fertilizers); N120P80K60 and N180P120K90 kg/ha) is 0.8 -8.5 % higher than the average, 91.4% of the Alekseevich variety, 90.7% of the Bunyodkor variety, 88.7 % of the Shams variety and the number of overwintered plants - 93.5; 93.0 and 93.3 %, respectively (Table 1).
Studies showed that irrigation regimes and mineral fertilizers also effectively influenced on the wintering of winter wheat grasses and the number of plants that survived at the end of the growing season was 419 pieces of "Alekseevich" variety, 412 pieces of "Bunyodkor" variety, 403 m/2 pieces of Shams variety or 93.5; 93.0 and 93.3% respectively compared to grasses before the winter, with the lowest depletion (6,5;7.0 and 6,7%) and the influence of winter wheat irrigation regime of LFMC(70-70-60), in the variant with the norm of fertilizer N240Pi60Ki20 kg/ha, and it was found that the winter wheat had an effective effect on the developmental periods.
Table 1. The influence of irrigation regime and mineral fertilizer norms on germination and winter resistance of winter wheat seeds (in the condition of typical gray soils of Sakhrisabz district)
№ var. Irrigation regime, (%) Mineral fertilizer norms, kg/ha Autumn wheat varieties Number of plants per 1m2 (pieces) Germinat ion, (percent) Number of plants before winter 1m2, (pieces) Number of overwintered plants,
pieces perce nt Rareness , percent
1. LFMC (70-7060) Control (without fertilizer) «Alekseevich» 434 86,8 417 317 76,0 24
«Bunyodkor» 421 84,2 405 303 74,8 25,2
« Shams» 410,8 82,2 393 291 74,0 26
2. N120P80K60 «Alekseevich» 436 87,2 424 370 87,3 12,7
«Bunyodkor» 432,4 86,5 420 357 85,0 15
« Shams» 419,8 84 408 352 86,3 13,7
3. N180P120K90 «Alekseevich» 450,9 90,2 440 408 92,7 7,3
«Bunyodkor» 444,2 88,8 433 395 91,2 8,8
« Shams» 431,2 86,2 419 381 90,9 9,1
4. N240P160K12 0 «Alekseevich» 456,8 91,4 448 419 93,5 6,5
«Bunyodkor» 453,4 90,7 443 412 93,0 7
« Shams» 443,5 88,7 432 403 93,3 6,7
5. LFMC (75-8070) Control (without fertilizer) «Alekseevich» 414,5 82,9 398 312 78,4 21,6
«Bunyodkor» 409,6 81,9 392 283 72,2 27,8
« Shams» 401,2 80,2 383 272 71,0 29
6. N120P80K60 «Alekseevich» 428,9 85,8 418 354 84,7 15,3
«Bunyodkor» 426,3 85,3 416 340 81,7 18,3
« Shams» 412,7 82,5 401 336 83,8 16,2
7. N180P120K90 «Alekseevich» 446,7 89,3 434 391 90,1 9,9
«Bunyodkor» 438,8 87,8 428 377 88,1 11,9
« Shams» 426,2 85,2 414 366 88,4 11,6
8. N240P160K12 0 «Alekseevich» 452,8 90,6 444 402 90,5 9,5
«Bunyodkor» 448,7 89,7 438 394 90,0 10
« Shams» 439,5 87,9 428 384 89,7 10,3
Accordingly, the following studies were conducted in light gray soils of the lower part of Kashkadarya oasis (Karshi district), depending on the biological characteristics as well as soil moisture of LFMC(70-70-60) in the irrigation rate 1 m2 in the experimental variant the number of plants in the area was 378-433, and after the winter-247-384, or the number of plants that overwinter was 65.3-88.6 % on average, the number of plants lost in autumn-winter period was 11.4-34.7%.
In accordance with the above, the irrigation regime of LFMC(75-80-70) was 374-429 units, 258-395 units, 69,0-92,1 %, 7,9-31,0 % (Table 2)
The maximum rareness of grasses was 29.2% in the variant of "Alekseevich" variety LFMC (70-70-60) controlled (without fertilizer) in the irrigation regime, while 18.2 % in the variant with the application of N120P80K60 kg/ha, fertilizer application rate amounted to N180P120K90 kg/ha, in the applied variant was 12.2%, and in the applied variant -11.4% the fertilizer rate N240P160K120 kg/ha.
These figures are proportional to 25.9 in the irrigation regime of LFMC (75-80-70);15.4; the decreases were noted by 8.9 and 7.9%, respectively.
"Bunyodkor" variety was 33.2% in the variant with control (without fertilizer) in the irrigation regime of LFMC(70-70-60), 21.8% in the variant with N120P80K60 kg/ha, in the variant with Ni80Pi20K90 kg/ha was 14.5% and the option of applying N240Pi60Ki20 kg/ha was 12.3%.
In proportion to the above, 30.7 in the irrigation rate of LFMC(75-80-70); 18.0 decreases of 10.8 and 8.6 % were noted.
Table 2. The influence of irrigation regime and mineral fertilizers norms on germination and winter resistance of winter wheat seeds (in the condition of light gray soils of Karshi district in 2020)
№ var Irrigatio n regime, (%) Mineral fertilizer norms, kg/ha Autumn wheat varieties Numb er of plants per 1m2 (pieces ) Germina tion, (percent) Number of plants before winter 1m2, (pieces) Number of overwintered plants,
pieces perce nt Rareness , percent
1. LFMC (70-7060) Control (without fertilizer) «Alekseevich» 420,3 84,1 401 284 70,8 29,2
«Bunyodkor» 410,2 82,0 392 262 66,8 33,2
«Shams» 398,5 79,7 378 247 65,3 34,7
2. N120P80K60 «Alekseevich» 428,6 85,7 415 339 81,8 18,2
«Bunyodkor» 425,3 85,1 411 322 78,2 21,8
«Shams» 412,2 82,4 400 322 80,5 19,5
3. N180P120K90 «Alekseevich» 437,4 87,5 425 373 87,8 12,2
«Bunyodkor» 430,5 86,1 418 357 85,5 14,5
«Shams» 418,3 83,7 404 346 85,8 14,3
4. N240P160K12 0 «Alekseevich» 443,1 88,6 433 384 88,6 11,4
«Bunyodkor» 439,8 88,0 428 375 87,7 12,3
«Shams» 430,2 86,0 417 364 87,4 12,6
5. LFMC (75-8070) Control (without fertilizer) «Alekseevich» 408,7 81,7 390 289 74,1 25,9
«Bunyodkor» 404,7 80,9 384 266 69,3 30,7
«Shams» 394,8 79,0 374 258 69,0 31,0
6. N120P80K60 «Alekseevich» 423,2 84,6 411 348 84,6 15,4
«Bunyodkor» 420,4 84,1 409 335 82,0 18,0
«Shams» 402,8 80,6 389 325 83,5 16,5
7. N180P120K90 «Alekseevich» 433,3 86,7 419 382 91,1 8,9
«Bunyodkor» 425,6 85,1 413 369 89,2 10,8
«Shams» 413,4 82,7 400 355 88,9 11,1
8. N240P160K12 0 «Alekseevich» 439,2 87,8 429 395 92,1 7,9
«Bunyodkor» 435,2 87,0 423 386 91,4 8,6
«Shams» 426,3 85,3 413 379 91,8 8,2
"Shams" variety was 34.7% in the variant of LFMC(70-70-60) with control (without fertilizer) in the irrigation regime, 19.5% in the variant with N120P80K60 kg/ha in the variant with N180P120K90 kg/ha, 14.3 %, while the fertilizer rate was 12.6% in the N240P160K120 kg/ha variant.
In the proportion to the above, in the irrigation rate of LFMC (75-80-70) 31.0;16.5; were around 11.1 and 8.2% (Table 2).
CONCLUSION. So, the effect of low temperatures on irrigated lands on winter wheat varieties varies, depending on the time of plant germination, seed germination condition, weather condition of the plant at the time of entering the winter, as well as adequate nutrients.
The best resistance of winter wheat to adverse conditions in winter varies depending on the agronomic techniques of cultivation based on biological properties.
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