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8СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF BEAN CROPS ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY Isaev S.H.1, Safarova H.H.2
1Isaev Sabirjan Husanbaevich - Professor, DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND LAND RECLAMATION, TASHKENT INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATION AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION ENGINEERS,
TASHKENT;
2Safarova Hilola Holmatovna - Assistant, DEPARTMENT OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND LAND RECLAMATION, BUKHARA BRANCH
TASHKENT INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATION AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION ENGINEERS,
BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article highlights the high productivity of water and resource-saving and environmentally friendly soil-watering technologies for mung beans cultivation in phytomeloration activities under different saline soils.
Keywords: productive, local types of mung beans, mineral, monoculture, phytomeloration, naturally, saline soils.
Today, degraded areas in agriculture are increasing worldwide, with 56% due to water erosion, 28% due to wind erosion, 12% due to depletion of soil nutrients, salinization, pollution, and 4% due to compaction, swamping, and subsidence. is getting worse. Due to such negative processes and the problem of water scarcity in 80 countries around the world, 7 million people die every year. hectares of arable land are being phased out of agricultural use, creating a food security problem in the world.
Today, the country is taking comprehensive measures to improve the reclamation of irrigated lands, increase soil fertility, efficient use of available water resources in the face of water shortages, the formation of additional water sources. As a result of these measures, today 38863 km. length collector-drainage networks, 52 reclamation pumping stations, 1344 reclamation vertical wells were repaired and rehabilitated. 13.2 thousand ha. drip, 18.0 thousand ha. 16.8 thousand ha. Irrigation methods using portable flexible pipes were introduced in the area instead of ditches, as a result of which 1 mln. 200 thousand. land reclamation has been improved. The Action Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 pays special attention to further improving the reclamation of irrigated lands, development of a network of reclamation and irrigation facilities, the widespread introduction of intensive methods of agricultural production, especially modern water and resource-saving agro-technologies.Research on the development of intensive methods for agricultural production, the development of modern agro-technologies that save water and resources for the cultivation of moss in the context of deteriorating soil conditions during water scarcity and irrigation erosion is one of the current topics.
Legumes are a good predecessor for cotton, wheat, rice, hemp and vegetable crops. Among legumes, such as soybeans, beans, peas, and green peas, moss also has its place. Mung Beans (Rhaseolusaureus Piper), which belongs to the family bean, is the Latin name for its homeland, Southwest Asia. Mung Beans is an ancient crop, which was introduced into agriculture 5-6 thousand years ago. Mung Beans is light-loving, heat-loving, drought-resistant. Humidity requirements are moderate. For full germination, the seeds absorb around 120-150 percent of their weight. Mung Beans grows in all areas except swamps and soils near groundwater. The temperature should be at least 12-15 degrees for the seeds to germinate. The temperature is 18-22 degrees Celsius, and 20-25 degrees Celsius in the flowering and flowering phases. Also, the mung beans plant is resistant to changes in hot
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weather during the day and cool weather at night. Such conditions occur in the second half of summer, when they are grown in a mung beans angiz (a place free of wheat or barley). If mung beans is grown as a secondary crop, the flowering period will be slightly shortened. When planted in spring, flowering lasts 15-20 days. Yield varies from 20 to 24 ts when sown in April-May, taking into account soil climatic conditions, and 11.8-21 ts when sown as a secondary crop.
Mung Beans grain contains 24-28% protein, 2-4% fat, 46-50% starch, B vitamins, lysine, arginine, legumes are rich in protein and vitamins, high in calories. Mung Beans grain is 1.5-2 times more nutritious than wheat, beans, peas, poppy and rye grains, and 1.5 times more nutritious. The digestibility of protein in mung beans reaches 86%. In addition, mung beans grain contains macro-microelements such as Mg, Ca, S, Na, Fe, Ma, Cu, B, Co, Ni, I, and is rich in phosphorus salts.
Experts note that increasing the efficiency of irrigated lands through the cultivation of secondary crops in Angiz can increase the yield of legumes in these areas, including the cultivation of legumes by 15-18 tsp, a total of 75-85 tts per year. From this point of view, 50 kg for the cultivation of 1 ton of grain. nitrogen, 35 kg. phosphorus and 20-25 kg. absorbs fertilizers. So, given that currently the yield of winter wheat is 48-50 ts, it is not difficult to calculate how much nutrients are released from one hectare of land. Therefore, one of the basic laws of farming cannot be bypassed by the law of returning nutrients to the soil. Therefore, it is possible to maintain and increase soil fertility by expanding the sown areas of legumes. In the roots of legumes, endogenous bacteria accumulate and assimilate free nitrogen in the molecular state of the atmosphere, biologically 50-100 kg, sometimes 150 kg in the soil. leaves nitrogen around. A single mosh helps to assimilate difficult-to-dissolve phosphorus compounds in the soil, leaving 2.5-4.0 tons of root residues in the soil after itself throughout the growing season, of legumes - the best siderate crop. When it is used as a green manure, 70 t of dry matter accumulates in the soil. This is 100 kg means. According to scientific analyzes, when moss was used as a green manure fertilizer, the cotton yield increased by 40-60 percent. It should be noted that the free nitrogen in the air depends on the mechanism of assimilation of endogenous bacteria living in the roots of legumes, and its weight depends on the type, variety, natural climatic conditions, cultivation techniques of legumes.
Mosh is a fertile crop. The average is 60-80 ts per hectare. hay or 240-300 ts. blue mass is obtained. The amount of digestible protein in the blue mass is two to three times higher than in the leaf of the corn and its stem. Silage made by mixing corn with moss is characterized by high nutritional quality. It is known that in recent years the structure of crops has changed, and the main part of irrigated areas is winter wheat and cotton.
Currently, the varieties included in the State Register are "Kahrabo", "Navruz" and "Marjon". In accordance with the rules of agronomic techniques, in particular, the preparation of land for planting, timing and rate of sowing, timely feeding with irrigation and mineral fertilizers, inter-row cultivation and timely harvesting are carried out on the basis of recommendations developed by industry experts. the desired goal can be achieved. Indeed, as mentioned above, a number of issues can be resolved positively by cultivating legumes and taking full advantage of their potential.
References
1. "Recommendations for the cultivation of legumes in Uzbekistan" T. Cocktail., 1999.
2. Mavlyanova R.F., Sulaymonov B.A., Boltaev B.S., Mansurov X.G., Kenjabaev Sh.M.
"Mosh cultivation technology". Recommendation. Tashkent, 2018.
