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научно-методический электронный журнал
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
ART 14059
УДК 372.881.111.1
Чибисова Ольга Владимировна,
кандидат культурологии, доцент кафедры лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации ФГБОУ ВПО «Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный технический университет», г. Комсомольск-на-Амуре [email protected]
Егурнова Александра Александровна,
кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации ФГБОУ ВПО «Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный технический университет», г. Комсомольск-на-Амуре [email protected]
Аннотация. Статья предлагает материал по одной из наиболее сложных и, тем не менее, слабо освещенной в школьном курсе английского языка теме - «Инверсия». Предлагаемый комплекс упражнений предусматривает различные виды заданий на отработку данного грамматического явления в разнообразных контекстах и предназначен для учащихся старших классов, а также для лиц, углубленно занимающихся английским языком.
Ключевые слова: английский язык, комплекс упражнений, инверсия.
Раздел: (01) педагогика; история педагогики и образования; теория и методика обучения и воспитания (по предметным областям).
В современном поликультурном мире инструментом общения представителей различных культур выступает коммуникативная иноязычная компетенция. Одним из ее компонентов является умение говорящего выражать свои мысли, адекватно используя разнообразные языковые средства с целью выделения релевантной информации [1]. Экспрессия в языке может иметь место во всех языковых формах: в фонетике, грамматике, лексике, а также в словообразовании и т. д., но в данной публикации мы остановимся на инверсии.
Инверсией в английском языке называется вынос в начало предложения логически выделенного слова или фразы, в результате чего сказуемое ставится перед подлежащим. Инверсия в английском языке имеет несколько функций. Грамматическая функция проявляется в различении коммуникативных типов предложений. Логическая функция заключается в выделении в речи того или иного слова для указания его значимости в предложении; экспрессивная - в выделении всего высказывания в целом для придания ему эмоциональной окраски. Связующая (дискурсивная) функция инверсии необходима для выражения непрерывности мысли в предложениях, следующих одно за другим.
Таким образом, использование инверсии значительно расширяет возможности как говорящего, способствуя достижению им цели своего высказывания, так и слушателя, помогая ему понять истинный смысл сообщения [2]. Вместе с тем на сегодняшний день школьная программа по английскому языку не предусматривает специального изучения темы «Инверсия» и, следовательно, вопросы обучения экспрессивной речи являются недостаточно методически разработанными.
Важность рассматриваемой проблемы послужила основанием для составления лексико-грамматических упражнений, направленных на поэтапное освоение материала: от языковых заданий к речевым. Представленные упражнения охватывают широ-
Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии
f\j ■Л f\j
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КОНТ ТШТ
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
научно-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
кий спектр форматов (сопоставление, заполнение пропусков, исправление ошибок, множественный выбор, трансформация, составление предложений, перевод, творческие упражнения), что позволяет рассматривать их как комплекс, достаточный для проведения серии уроков в школе или самостоятельной работы школьников дома.
При организации работы в классе учителю необходимо обратить особое внимание на следующие специфические трудности усвоения темы «Инверсия». Хотя инверсия - это нарушение общепринятого порядка слов, случаи ее употребления ограничены жесткими рамками, поэтому следует предостеречь учащихся от использования свободного порядка слов в своей речи. Инверсия бывает полной и частичной: при полной инверсии все сказуемое стоит перед подлежащим, при частичной -лишь его часть (вспомогательный или модальный глагол), а смысловой глагол - после него. Кроме того, в ряде случаев, например в предложениях, начинающихся с наречия времени со словом only, с обстоятельства, имеющего отрицательное значение, инвертированный порядок слов употребляется в главной части сложносочиненного предложения. Также отметим, что если подлежащее предложения выражено личным местоимением, то сказуемое в некоторых случаях может ставиться перед подлежащим, в других же случаях это совершенно недопустимо.
Желательно также подчеркнуть, что некоторые инвертированные предложения характерны для официальной речи, другие чаще встречаются в разговорной речи, поэтому первые уместно использовать при написании эссе, а вторые - при устном ответе [3]. При сдаче ЕГЭ это грамматическое явление обязательно привлечёт к себе внимание экзаменаторов и будет по достоинству оценено ими.
Более подробную информацию по теме можно найти в учебниках практической грамматики, указанных в списке источников [4-7]. В конце статьи мы также прилагаем ключи к большинству языковых и условно-речевых упражнений.
Grammatical function Logical function Emotive function Linking function
1. Man must reap the fruits of his labor. Such was her belief. 2. "Today's lesson is on presentations", said the teacher. 3. Proud as he was, he had to consent to our proposal. 4. My friends enjoyed themselves on the picnic yesterday. So did I. 5. Many a time has he got into an awkward predicament. 6. Not until the seventeenth century did the fork appear in England. 7. Directly in front of them stood a magnificent and imposing castle. 8. Blessed are the pure in heart! 9. There is a place for everything, and everything in its place. 10. Next comes the most ridiculous scene. 11. It was to the tsar that Russian people went to petition for help. 12. Must have cost a small fortune, this hat of hers!
Exercise 2. Analyze the following examples. What is the inversion emphasizing, if any?
To give more emphasis to the fact that though in the end they got to know his secret, it was too late
1. "I've been on the web since 1999", said the hacker. 2. Never before had the headmaster seen such awful behavior of his students. 3. Mike did not hear anything through the falling snow and neither did Jim. 4. Beautiful that you are, still you have to prepare for university. 5. After the lunch break the witness went on to give evidence. 6. Hardly had fugitive got his breath when it was time to flee again. 7. Under no circumstances will she agree to his offer of marriage. 8. There are no birds of this year in last year's nest. 9. Should I change my mind, I'll let you know. 10. Won’t you have a cup of tea? 11. It was this boy who stole into your orchard yesterday. 12. On the tree sat an unusual bird, a whistling thrush.
Exercise 3. Rewrite the following inverted sentences into the ones with the normal word order.
1. Only later did the customer apprehend that he had been given the wrong change. 2. No sooner had she pronounced his name than he cropped up out of the blue. 3. Barely had the water come to a simmer when the cook cracked an egg into it. 4. Country people live longer than do city dwellers. 5. For some moments after the detonation Dan couldn’t hear, and neither could he see. 6. Never at any time had she complained that she was allergic to ambrosia. 7. Had Ann been told about your departure earlier, she would have
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КОНТ ТЕПТ
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
научно-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
reacted differently. 8. So it is Robert that is the black sheep of the family. 9. Across the barren plain lay the tall shadows made by the sinking sun. 10. There goes the phone again. I wish someone would answer it.
Exercise 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using inversion.
1. If Kate had known that he liked baked goods, she would have baked a steak and kidney pie. 2. I will be able to start doing something else only when I’ve completed this contract. 3. It was such a nice day that we went on sailing on the lake. 4. He didn't phone his girl-friend; he didn't drop a line to her either. His behavior to his family was equally unaccountable. 5. No matter how poor she was, she would rather starve than buy second-hand clothes. 6. Mr. Wallace stood in the doorway surveying the room. 7. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 8. This quarrel in no way should be regarded as an end of our relations. 9. The hunter didn't realize that the bear would start running towards him.
Exercise 5. Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. Mind there is only ONE mistake per sentence.
1. Can you tell me where is the British Museum? 2. After setting all the dry grass on fire, Gwendolyn didn’t know how to put it out, and so did Kevin. 3. I don’t care about it anymore, “Come what to may!” 4. Only later had the bodyguard realize that the murderer was coming back into the office. 5. The rooms and the facilities of the hotel were awful than were the waiters and the service in general. 6. I know for sure it is your father which is talking to our headmistress now - we’re in trouble! 7. Had we a dying millionaire of an uncle, we would have be happy to inherit his fortune, too. 8. Every time scientists invent a new means of mass destruction, normal life changes. Thus break the first and the second world wars.
Exercise 6. Peruse the given statements and select the word from the box below that best completes the sentence.
appeared did how were told make do is
1. It doesn’t matter ... awful was the workday if I know you’ve been waiting for me with the dinner ready. 2. ... you fancy going to the restaurant tonight? 3. Why ... he always trying to look better than he really is? 4. Little did he do to ... you understand that life is not a picnic. 5. Hardly had they bought the new furniture when the landlord ... them to move out. 6. So red ... he turn in the face that Janet felt quite uncomfortable and rather ashamed for carrying a joke too far. 7. ... you in position to help Michael out of that mess with the police, I’m pretty sure you’d have done your utmost. 8. They were stranded on an isolated island and ready to resign themselves to a sorrowful fate, when out of the blue ... a rescue vessel.
Exercise 7. Fill in the space choosing the words from the following list. Be careful with the tenses!
(she pay), (he can read), (they drink), (trees are uprooted)
(he can drive), (she wash), (he also write), (I imagine).
1. Hardly ever_______the floor. Her mother always did it. 2. Not only_______but___________. 3. I have a
pretty good idea about him but never____________that he was going to behave in such a disrespectful way.
4. The Browns always drink fruit juices but hardly ever_________fizzy drinks. 5. Jack couldn’t ride a bike and
neither__________a car. 6. Two weeks ago Jane lost her job so hardly ever__________the bills. 7. Such was the
force of the storm that_______.
Exercise 8. Choose the correct translation.
1. Scarcely had they settled for a picnic when a heavy gale broke out.
a) Они едва устроились на пикник, как началась сильная буря.
b) Едва они устроились на пикник, как началась сильная буря.
2. Little did Vivien know what was waiting for her outside that door.
a) Вивьен не знала, что ее ожидало за этой дверью.
b) Вивьен и представить не могла, что ее ожидало за этой дверью.
3. Never in his life had he been as jolly as a sandboy.
a) Он никогда в жизни не был так счастлив.
b) Никогда в жизни он не был так счастлив.
4. Right behind Danny stood an enormous angry giant.
a) Прямо за Денни стоял огромный разъяренный великан.
b) Огромный разъяренный великан стоял прямо за Денни.
5. Long forgotten are the dreams of having a spacious country house.
a) Мечты о покупке большого дома в деревне давным-давно забыты.
b) Давным-давно забыты мечты о покупке большого дома в деревне.
6. May success wait upon you!
a) Вам будет сопутствовать успех!
b) Да сопутствует вам успех!
7. Grape juice is sweet, as is the strawberry one.
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Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
KOHIТЕПТ
научно-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
a) Так же как и клубничный сок, виноградный - сладкий.
b) Виноградный сок сладкий, так же как и клубничный.
Exercise 9. Match the parts of the given sentences and translate them.
1 Not all birds migrate, but generally speaking the more northerly the breeding ground, a were you loyal to me.
2 Though volcanic eruptions release great amounts of ash, b chirped a grasshopper its beautiful love song.
3 Only with conflicts and feuds reigning over the country c than can the grass roots.
4 I would never have betrayed you d they would have been buried alive under its ruins.
5 The Establishment can afford more expensive and luxurious things e the more likely is it that a species will migrate south for the winter.
6 Deep in the flowerbed f will we lose.
7 Had they not left that ramshackle building, g little effect do they have on climate.
Exercise 10. Use each of the sentences below as the model for a new sentence of your own. Ask your group to translate them._______________________________________________________________________________
Model:
Only after my guest left did I remember his name. -----►
Only after she heard the man’s voice did she recollect his looks.
1. There is many a good tune played on an old fiddle. 2. So hungry was the dog that it licked the bowl clean. 3. The children are in no way responsible for what their parents do. 4. Off went the client without finding anything to meet his needs. 5. It was on her children's suggestion that the old woman started keeping a toy terrier. 6. Not only are apples good for your health, but they are also very tasty. 7. May all your wishes come true! 8. As was the custom, the prom queen and prom king were chosen. 9. Richard won't stand up for them, and neither will Kate. 10. Little do we know about the Universe! 11. Only at school do young minds develop and grow. 12. Never before has the chemist seen such a strange reaction.
Exercise 11. Find the sentences which are translated incorrectly; rectify the mistakes.
1 So happy was he that he decorated the whole house with flowers Он был так счастлив, что украсил весь дом цветами
2 Should it snow, we’ll celebrate indoors Если пойдет снег, праздновать будем дома
3 Out in the street lay the newly cut fiery red carnations Снаружи, на улице, лежали свежие огненнокрасные гвоздики
4 Broken are the bonds of a close-knit family Узы крепкой семьи разорваны
5 Never in her childhood had she seen violence or cruelty. Она никогда в детстве не встречала насилия или жестокости
6 Jack likes to walk, and so does Sarah Так же как и Сара, Джек любит гулять
7 Little did he learn from his previous mistakes Он мало не выучил из предыдущих ошибок
Exercise 12. Translate into Russian.
1. After rain comes fair weather. 2. Rarely did he go outside and enjoy the view. 3. Hardly ever had they played in a more mediocre performance. 4. There is no rule without an exception. 5. Scarcely had Bill entered the office building when he remembered that he had forgotten to take his case. 6. Seldom did the orphans have the chance to see their parents in person. 7. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole. 8. Never before was she so excited to see her fiancé but when he proposed. 9. Little do the students know how they may pass a test. 10. As the old cock crows, so does the young. 11. There goes the Newton family. 12. Never in his entire life had Jim hit the books all night long before the exam.
Exercise 13. Choose the correct translation.
1. Сам заварил кашу, сам и расхлёбывай.
a) As you brew, so must you drink.
b) As you brew, so do you drink.
2. А вот и наш автобус!
a) There is coming our bus!
b) There comes the bus!
3. Глупа та птица, которая своё гнездо марает.
a) It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
b) It is an ill bird which fouls its own nest.
4. Нигде нет такого палящего солнца, как в пустыне Сахара.
a) Nowhere is the sun as broiling as in the Sahara.
rv /j ru
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КОНТ тшт
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
научно-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
b) Nowhere is the sun so broiling as in the Sahara.
5. Вниз по лестнице пронесся доставщик пиццы.
a) Down the stairs did the deliveryman dash.
b) Down the stairs dashed the deliveryman.
6. Моя мама не пьет кофе, и отец тоже (не пьет).
a) My mum doesn’t drink coffee, and neither does my dad.
b) My mum doesn’t drink coffee, and so doesn’t my dad.
7. Факс печатает только таким образом.
a) Only in this way does this telefax print.
b) Only in this way prints this telefax.
Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. В такие дни все должны отдыхать. 2. Только выйдя на улицу, я заметил, что моросит дождь.
3. Если бы ты включил телевизор на пять минут раньше, ты бы увидел интервью со своей любимой актрисой. 4. Едва он взглянул в ее небесно-голубые глаза, как сразу влюбился. 5. Существует много разных мнений по поводу конца света. 6. Никогда не суди людей строго: и на солнце бывают пятна.
7. Олень убежал при звуке выстрела. 8. Каким бы расстроенным ты ни был, ты не должен обижать родных людей. 9. А вот и Вася! Редко же он приходит вовремя! 10. Была бы у меня машина времени, я бы отправился в далекое будущее.
Exercise 15. Make sentences from the notes.
Model:
Well / came / he / the day / remember / did / she / into his life. Well did he remember the day she came into his life._
1. Only by / find a solution / we / patience and hard work / will. 2. It / where / under this birch / I / was / a magnificent brown mushroom / found / yesterday. 3. At no time / his team / admit / he / that / played badly / would. 4. Should / change / please / let me know / your mind, / you. 5. His manner /that / so ludicrous / everyone / was / burst out laughing. 6. Is / she / also clever / but / is / beautiful /she / not only. 7. Short of money, / most people / as / were / in his country / were / his parents. 8. In every person’s life / there / he / falls in love / when / comes a time. 9. Hardly / was / Dr. Johnson / tried / had / he / when / to get away / shot. 10. The student / carrying out / enjoy / does / this task? 11. Of that accident / on no account / to remind / you / me / are / again. 12. Half a dozen peaches / down / fell.
Exercise 16. In most of the lines in the following text there is an unnecessary word. For questions 126 find the unnecessary words and write them on the lines provided. If you think a line contains no unnecessary word, put a tick (V) next to it._______________________________________________________
Mrs. Jones was over eighty, but she still drove her old car as did a woman half her age drove. She loved driving very fast and boasted of the fact that she never, in her thirty-five years of driving, had she been punished for not a driving offence.
Little did she could think that one day she might lose her record. There was a police car following after her, and the policemen in it saw that her pass a red light without stopping. Hardly had Mrs. Jones been come before the judge, when he looked at her severely and said that she was too much old to drive a car. Hadn’t her eyes become weak with old age, then she would have seen the red light. It was the reason why she had not stopped nearby at it.
No sooner had the judge finished what he was being saying, than Mrs. Jones opened the big handbag she was carrying with. In the bag lay there her sewing. Out came a needle with a very small eye; then came fine floss. Not any a word did the woman utter to repudiate the charges. It was at the her first attempt that she threaded the needle. Well did Mrs. Jones have do this!
Barely had she demonstrated to her keen eyesight, when she took the thread from out of the needle again. Only then did she hand both and the needle and the thread to the judge. "Now it is your turn. In no other way can I concede that you don’t drive a car. Moreover, I suppose, that never in your life have you make any doubts about your own eyesight," she said.
So astonished was the judge, that did he took the needle and began to thread in it. Many a time had he tried, but still didn’t succeed. The judge didn’t know what him to do, neither did the jury. The case against Mrs. Jones was dismissed. "In under no circumstances will be my record become broken!" said the proud woman to her husband.
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Exercise 17. Read the following text and answer the questions. Think of a title to it. Try to make use of as many sentences with inversion as possible.
Tom's uncle was very rich. He was a strange old man, he lived alone, had no wife or friends. One day, a week before he died, he sent for Tom. This was the first time he saw Tom. Tom's uncle didn't like Tom's mother and never spoke to her or to Tom. When Tom came to see his uncle, he was in bed because he was
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КОНТ ТЕПТ
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
научяо-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
ill. Tom's uncle said to him: "I'm very rich and I'm leaving all my money to you. You will find the money in a box. But before you open the box, read the letter. The letter is on the box. This letter will be very interesting for you." Tom thought that that was very strange but he knew his uncle was a very strange old man. He thought, "I'm rich now." When his uncle died, Tom found the box. Before he began to open it he had read the letter which was on the box. Here is what it said. "Dear Tom! There's a lot of money in the box. I'm leaving the money to you because I want you to remember your uncle. I know you will remember your uncle because there is also some dynamite in the box which you are going to open now. If you don't believe me, open the box and you will see. And now I hope you will not forget me. Your Uncle." Tom thought for a week but he couldn't open the box. He was afraid of the dynamite which was in the box. From that time on Tom could think only about the box and the dynamite in the box. He asked everybody to tell him what to do, but nobody could help him. Such is Tom's problem. He is rich and at the same time he is poor.
1. When did Tom’s uncle send for his nephew?
2. Why did Tom’s uncle never speak to Tom’s mother?
3. Where was Tom’s uncle when he came to see him?
4. When did Tom find the box?
5. What did Tom’s uncle want from Tom when he was leaving the money?
6. What was there in the box along with the money?
7. How did Tom feel about the dynamite which was in the box?
8. What could Tom think of after his uncle’s death?
9. Was there anyone to help him with the dilemma?
10. Is Tom rich or poor?
_______Exercise 18. Complete the second sentence using the word(s) in bold.
Model:
We seldom realize what our words might lead to. - Seldom ... Seldom do we realize what our words might lead to.
1. Parents usually do not remember what it is like to be a teenager. - Hardly ever ... 2. Financial markets offer no guarantees. - Never ... 3. Fanny can find a much better dress than this one! - Nowhere ... 4. Daniel rarely makes mistakes in his essays. - Rarely ... 5. The flowers in our garden grow so fast that we have to put them on the market. - So fast ... 6. You must not cross the road when the red light is on. - Under no circumstances ... 7. The doors opened and several people ran out. - Out .... 8. If I had known it, I would have helped him. - Had ... . 9. A ragged fellow appeared on the road. - On the road ... . 10. A shark swam in the coastal waters. - In the coastal waters ... .
Exercise 19. Rewrite the following story to make the style more interesting. You may transform it any way you like.
HOW SIMONIDES WAS SHIPWRECKED
Simonides was a great Greek poet. He was very poor; so he went from town to town in Greece and read his poems about champions of sports festivals. After some years when he had money for the journey, he decided to go back to his home.
The ship on which he travelled was very old and it was shipwrecked in a storm. The passengers jumped into the water with their bags in their hands. Simonides was carrying nothing and somebody asked him where his bags were. The poet answered that he was carrying with him all the riches which he had.
Many people died in the sea. They had their bags in their hands and could not swim well. But some of the passengers reached the land and went to the city near the coast. Their bags were in the sea now and they had no money or clothes. They walked in the streets of the city and asked people to help them.
A rich man who lived in that city knew Simonides’s poems and liked them. When he saw the poet in the street, he asked him to his house and gave him clothes and money.
When Simonides saw the people from the ship in the streets again, he said: "I told you I was carrying all my riches. They were in my head. Yon lost all your riches in the sea, but I have all my riches with me."
Exercise 20. Make up a story based on the picture below using as many sentences with inversion as possible.
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КОНТ ТЕПТ
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
научно-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
Exercise 21. Work in groups of three or four. Take it in turns to continue the story that starts with the sentences below. Choose a starting point for your sentence from the boxes. You cannot use a starting point more than once.
What a warm lunchtime in September it was! Hardly had Alison crossed the road when she had the strange sensation that someone was following her ....
1. Suddenly, ... 2. Without a sound ... 3. Away ... 4. In vain ... 5. Scarcely.when ... 6. The stranger ... 7. There ... 8. At the moment ... 9. Had ... wouldn’t have ... 10. At the end of the road ... 11. Only then ... 12. Not a ... 13. On no occasion ... 14. No sooner. than ... 15. Luckily ...
Exercise 22. Make up a story, which explains the meaning of the idiom “If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun”. Find a proper place for at least 5 sentences with inversion.
Ключи
Exercise 1
Grammatical function Logical function Emotive function Linking function
2, 4, 9 6, 7, 11 3, 5, 8 1, 10, 12
Exercise 2
1. to indicate whose words or thoughts are given as direct speech 2. to emphasize how infrequently things happen 3. to show that the remark applies equally to someone else 4. to make a concession to someone 5. to focus attention on the most important information which normally comes at the end 6. to attach logical stress to the time relationship 7. to give a more dramatic effect 8. to distinguish between the communicative types of sentence 9. to sound more informal 10. to express a polite request 11. to accentuate the doer of the action 12. to focus on the place
Exercise 3
1. Later the customer apprehended that he had been given the wrong change. 2. She had no sooner pronounced his name than he cropped up out of the blue. 3. The water had barely come to a simmer when the cook cracked an egg into it. 4. Country people live longer than city dwellers do. 5. For some moments after the detonation Dan couldn’t hear, and he couldn’t see either. 6. She had never complained that she was allergic to ambrosia. 7. If Ann had been told about your departure earlier, she would have reacted differently. 8. Robert is the black sheep of the family. 9. The tall shadows made by the sinking sun lay across the barren plain. 10. The phone is ringing again. I wish someone would answer it.
Exercise 4
1. Had Kate known that he liked baked goods, she would have baked a steak and kidney pie. 2. Only when I’ve completed this contract will I be able to start doing something else. 3. Such a nice day was it that we went on sailing on the lake. 4. He didn't phone his girl-friend nor did he drop a line to her. Equally unaccountable was his behavior to his family. 5. Poor that she was, she would rather starve than buy secondhand clothes. 6. In the doorway stood Mr. Wallace surveying the room. 7. No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 8. In no way should this quarrel be regarded as an end of our relations.
9. Little did the hunter realize that the bear would start running towards him.
Exercise 5
1. Can you tell me where the British Museum is? 2. After setting all the dry grass on fire, Gwendolyn didn’t know how to put it out, and neither did Kevin. 3. I don’t care about it anymore, “Come what may!” 4. Only later did the bodyguard realize that the murderer was coming back into the office. 5. The rooms and the facilities of the hotel were awful, as were the waiters and the service in general. 6. I know for sure it is your father who is talking to our headmistress now - we’re in trouble! 7. Had we a dying millionaire of an uncle, we would be happy to inherit his fortune, too. 8. Every time scientists invent a new means of mass destruction, normal life changes. Thus broke the first and the second world wars.
Exercise 6
1. It doesn’t matter how awful was the workday if I know you’ve been waiting for me with the dinner ready. 2. Do you fancy going to the restaurant tonight? 3. Why is he always trying to look better than he really is? 4. Little did he do to make you understand that life is not a picnic. 5. Hardly had they bought the new furniture when the landlord told them to move out. 6. So red did he turn in the face that Janet felt quite uncomfortable and rather ashamed for carrying a joke too far. 7. Were you in position to help Michael out of that mess with the police, I’m pretty sure you’d have done your utmost. 8. They were stranded on a n isolated island and ready to resign themselves to a sorrowful fate, when out of the blue appeared a rescue vessel.
Exercise 7
1. Hardly ever had she washed the floor. Her mother always did it. 2. Not only can he read but he can also write. 3. I have a pretty good idea about him but never have I imagined that he was going to behave in such a disrespectful way. 4. The Browns always drink fruit juices but hardly ever do they drink fizzy drinks. 5.
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КОНТ ТЕПТ
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
научяо-методический электронный журнал ART 14059 УДК 372.881.111.1
Jack couldn’t ride a bike and neither could he drive a car. 6. Two weeks ago Jane lost her job so hardly ever will she pay the bills. 7. Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted.
Exercise 8
1. b 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. b
Exercise 9
1. e 2. g 3. f 4. a 5. с 6. b 7. d
Exercise 11
Неправильно переведены все предложения, кроме 3.
Exercise 13
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. a
Exercise 14
1. Such/These are the days when everyone must rest. 2. Not until I went outside did I notice that it was drizzling. 3. Had you switched TV on five minutes earlier, you would have seen the interview with your favorite actress. 4. Scarcely had he glanced at her azure eyes before he fell in love. 5. There exist many opposing views on the doomsday. 6. Never can you judge people severely: there are spots even on the sun. 7. Away ran the deer at the sound of a gunshot. 8. Disappointed as/though you may be, you shouldn’t hurt people close to you. 9. Here comes Vasya! Seldom does he come in time! 10. Had I a time machine, I would go to the remote future.
Exercise 15
1. Only by patience and hard work will we find a solution. 2. It was under this birch where I found a magnificent brown mushroom yesterday. 3. At no time would he admit that his team played badly. 4. Should you change your mind, please let me know. 5. So ludicrous was his manner that everyone burst out laughing. 6. Not only is she beautiful but she is also clever. 7. His parents were short of money, as were most people in his country. 8. There comes a time in every person’s life when he falls in love. 9. Hardly had Dr Johnson tried to get away when he was shot. 10. Does the student enjoy carrying out this task? 11. On no account are you to remind me of that accident again. 12. Down fell half a dozen peaches.
Exercise 16
Mrs. Jones was over eighty, but she still drove her old car as did a woman half her age drove.
She loved driving very fast and boasted of the fact that she never, in her thirty-five years of driving, had she been punished for not a driving offence.
Little did she could think that one day she might lose her record. There was a police car following after her, and the policemen in it saw that her pass a red light without stopping. Hardly had Mrs.
Jones been come before the judge, when he looked at her severely and said that she was too much old to drive a car. Hadn’t her eyes become weak with old age, then she would have seen the red light.
It was the reason why she had not stopped nearby at it.
No sooner had the judge finished what he was being saying, than Mrs. Jones opened the big handbag she was carrying with. In the bag lay there her sewing. Out came a needle with a very small eye; then came fine floss. Not any a word did the woman utter to repudiate the charges. It was at the her first attempt that she threaded the needle. Well did Mrs. Jones have do this!
Barely had she demonstrated to her keen eyesight, when she took the thread from out of the needle again. Only then did she hand both and the needle and the thread to the judge. "Now it is your turn. In no other way can I concede that you don’t drive a car. Moreover, I suppose, that never in your life have you make any doubts about your own eyesight," she said.
So astonished was the judge, that djd he took the needle and began to thread jn it. Many a time had he tried, but still didn’t succeed. The judge didn’t know what hjm to do, neither did the jury. The case against Mrs. Jones was dismissed. "In under no circumstances will be my record become broken!" said the proud woman to her husband.
Exercise 18
1. Hardly ever do parents remember what it is like to be a teenager. 2. Never do financial markets offer guarantees. 3. Nowhere can Fanny find a worse dress than this one. 4. Rarely does Daniel make mistakes in his essays.
5. So fast do the flowers in our garden grow that we have to put them on the market. 6. Under no circumstances must you cross the road when the red light is on. 7. The doors opened and out ran several people. 8. Had I known it, I would have helped him. 9. On the road appeared a ragged fellow. 10. In the coastal waters swam a shark.
Ссылки на источники
1. Товпик А. Ю., Чибисова О. В. Межкультурная коммуникация: коммуникативные ошибки // Международный журнал экспериментального образования. - 2011. - № 8. - С. 146a.
r>J g r>J
0 V
0 drove
1 she
2 not
3 could
4 after
5 that
6 been
7 much
8 then
9 nearby
10 being
11 with
12 there
13 any
14 the
15 have
16 to
17 from
18 and
19 other
20 21 CD
22 did
23 in
24 him
25 under
26 be
http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm
научно-методический электронный журнал
Чибисова О. В., Егурнова А. А. Обогащение речи учащихся средствами инверсии // Концепт. - 2014. -№ 03 (март). - ART 14059. - 0,7 п. л. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14059.htm. - Гос. рег. Эл № ФС 7749965. - ISSN 2304-120X.
ART 14059
УДК 372.881.111.1
2. Шунейко А. А., Авдеенко И. А. Адаптация коммуникативного пространства под свои задачи как этап реализации сценариев информационно-коммуникативных событий // Ученые записки Комсомольско-го-на-Амуре государственного технического университета. - 2012. - Т. 2. - № 9. - С. 48-56.
3. Егурнова А. А. Педагогические условия формирования культуры письменного речевого общения лингвистов // Вестник Московского государственного университета культуры и искусств. - 2010. -№ 3. - С. 185-188.
4. Верба Л. Г., Верба Г. В. Грамматика современного английского языка: справочник. - М.: Логос-М, 2007. - 368 с.
5. Каушанская В. Л. Грамматика английского языка: пособие для студ. пед. ин-тов / В. Л. Каушанская, Р. Л. Ковнер и др. - 5-е изд., испр. и доп. - М.: Айрис-пресс, 2008. - 384 с.
6. Кобрина Н. А. Грамматика английского языка. Морфология. Синтаксис: учеб. пособие / Н. А. Кобрина, Е. А. Корнеева, М. И. Оссовская, К. А. Гузеева. - СПб.: СОЮЗ, 1999. - 496 с.
7. Саакян А. С. Упражнения по грамматике современного английского языка. - М.: Эксмо-Пресс, 2012. -464 с.
Olga Chibisova, ssn 2304-120Х
Candidate of Cultorology, Associate Professor at the chair of linguistics and intercultural communication, Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University
[email protected] Aleksandra Egurnova,
Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor at the chair of linguistics and intercultural communication, Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University [email protected]
The enhancement of Students’ Speech by Means of Inversion Abstract. This article offers methodological material on “Inversion" which is one of the most difficult and yet, dimly lit in the school course of English subject-matter. The proposed set of exercises provides various kinds of tasks on practicing this grammatical phenomenon in a variety of contexts and is intended for high school classes, as well as for those deeply involved in the English language.
Key words: the English language, the set of exercises, the Inversion.
References: 1-7 - Russian Sources.
Рекомендовано к публикации
Горевым П. М., кандидатом педагогических наук, главным редактором журнала «Концепт»
977230412014203
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