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DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-4-55-64
Multilevel system of physical state improvement among different groups of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population
Svetlana S. Gulyaeva
Churapcha State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport
Churapcha, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8036-460X, ssvjakutija@yandex.ru
Abstract: In terms of social-economic transformations great attention is paid to a person's health state improvement, healthy life style formation. Theory and practice of scientific research works analysis proves the absence of scientific works, dedicated to population physical state improvement in the north region of the Russian Federation, in terms of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, by means of physical-sports activity, based on a system approach. This system approach takes into consideration climatic and geographic, motivational-axiological, age related and gender factors and ethnocultural traditions of the region. We offer an innovative approach to the system of physical upbringing modernization among the North population. Materials. The article presents scientific substantiation of the regionally adapted multilevel system. It provides physical state level improvement, positive attitude to physical activity and motivation of physical development formation, health improvement among the population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Methods. Information sources analysis and summarizing, questionnaire survey, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. We defined conceptual principles, taking into account which the system of physical state improvement among the population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) is realized. We created and realized in practice of students' physical upbringing physical-sports complex of general physical readiness level estimation. The technology of mass monitoring organization and analysis is created in order to control and estimate physical readiness of employable population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). We created the thesis, which helps to estimate the effectiveness of physical-sports work organization at a municipal level. As a result, we got a new scientific realization of physical culture essence as the means of life quality improvement through specially organized physical-sports activity. The results of the research were introduced into practice of physical-sports activity among pre-school, school, secondary professional and higher educational establishments, into work of physical culture and sport managerial structures the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Conclusion. The introduction of the created self-control methodology into physical-sports activity helped to follow the definite parameters of physical and psycho-emotional state, estimate the influence of physical activity on an organism. It also helped to regulate the regimen of trainings, choose the range of safe physical loads, provided mastering the skills of work with modern information technologies.
Keywords: system of the North population physical upbringing, climatic and geographic characteristics, motivational and axiological potential, ethnocultural traditions, physical state.
For citation: Svetlana S. Gulyaeva. Multilevel system of physical state improvement among different groups of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic population. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2018; 13 (4): 49-55. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-4-55-64
Introduction
In spite of the fact that there is a great number of works, dedicated to the problem of physical upbringing level improvement [3,4,5,6], nowadays there are no scientific works, based on a system approach. It takes into account climatic and geographic, motivational and axiological, ethnocultural and age-related and gender factors during physical-sports activity organization in terms of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). There is the lack of scientifically substantiated recommendations concerning the use of the most effective physical upbringing means in terms of cold climate [1].
Contemporary state of the research problem analysis helped to reveal several contradictions. They demand scientific realization:
- between actively held physical-sports activity in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) and its insufficient effectiveness for physical health improvement among population;
- between the realization of physical-sports activity benefit by society as the means of physical state improvement and insufficient physical activity of different age groups population in terms of a low involvement level into systematic physical exercises;
- between a complex character of climatic and geographic factors influence on physical state of population, in extreme conditions of the North and insufficient theoretical and practical consideration of the improvement ways;
- between the diversity of physical-sports means of health preservation and strengthening and the absence of scientifically substantiated system approach to their application.
Taking into consideration all mentioned above, we define the problem of the research, which is the necessity to create and practically realize multilevel system of physical state improvement among the population, living in terms of the central regions cold climate of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia).
Materials and Methods
The prerequisites for the system creation were the problems of scientific-methodical and organizational support of modern physical upbringing system, motives and needs of population, low level of people physical state, who live in the North, material-technical and social-cultural peculiarities of the region [2]. The created methodologies are directed toward "weak points" of physical state improvement. The controlling influences are chosen taking into consideration scientifically substantiated information, needs and preferences of the region population on the basis of the available physical activity use means. The activity is based on general, private and specific consideration concerning the forms, means, methods and conditions of physical state improvement among different groups of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) population.
Cold climate of the northern region has a negative influence on health state of population, provides physical activity deficiency, regionally conditioned variants of physical development formation. A long winter period is the reason why people stay indoors, have hypodynamia and hypoxia, lack of sunlight. That is why it is necessary to search for new approaches to physical state improvement by means of physical activity volume increase using adequate physical upbringing means [2,7,8]. Generally adopted physical-sports activity means and technologies, used in terms of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), don't have system and selective character. The used means of physical upbringing should influence "weak" motor abilities and the most "retarded" indices of physical state on the basis of traditional and non-traditional means and forms of physical activity wider use [9,16].
We defined conceptual principles. Taking into account these principles we realized the system of physical state improvement among population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia): interconnection of environment factors and a person's physical state; motivation-axiological factors, ethnocultural traditions and the used physical activity means unity; life quality connection with physical state level, regional characteristics unity and taking into account during physical state control and estimation [10,11,12].
Diagnostic block of the system provides activity connected with social-economic and climatic-geographical factors of the region revelation. They influence high level of physical state formation among population, events concerning physical state monitoring. They also influence life quality of population and motivational-axiological potential estimation in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) [2,16].
Physical state indices control and estimation among different age groups of population are realized with the help of the following:
- physical state of pre-school children control and estimation using programming units, observation over children's physical development and physical readiness dynamics;
- schoolchildren's physical readiness control and estimation according to regional normative complex "Erel" and All-Russian Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense"(RLD);
- students' of non-physical culture profile physical readiness control and estimation according to created by us sports complex and All-Russian Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense"(RLD);
- students-athletes' physical readiness level control and estimation according to regional normative complex "Maarykchaan" and All-Russian Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense"(RLD);
- adults' physical development, physical readiness and functional state control and estimation according to place of residence with the database creation concerning physical health of population.
Sports complex of general physical readiness level estimation was created and realized in practice of physical upbringing among students, adapted to local regional peculiarities, oriented toward the following gradual physical readiness indices increase. In this complex control and estimation are realized by means of estimation scale. It helps to take into consideration each respondent's individual characteristics, to estimate their level differentially [7,8,9].
The technology of mass monitoring results organization and analysis, concerning physical readiness control and estimation among employable population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) was created, where during results estimation the percentage of population, who took part in the event, was taken into account. The level of physical readiness test was held in accordance with the demands of normative complexes, taking into consideration gender and age-related features in the normatives of All-Russian Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense"(RLD). We created the thesis, which helps to estimate the effectiveness of sports work organization at a municipal level.
The picture presents the structure of the offered system.
Diagnostic block of the system also includes the events, directed toward life quality, motives, preferences and the attitude of population determination to own health, physical development and sports activity [14,17,18].
The block of the controlling influences in the system is presented by the methodologies, created taking into account age-related and gender characteristics, the level of physical state, interests and preferences of those, who train. Events, which are rationally integrated with every day and educational-upbringing activity in educational establishments, sports and health-improving societies, labor collectives, everyday life of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) population were also influenced.
Information block provides the complex of events realization directed toward physical culture and sport popularization through mass media means: TV and radio, social media of educational character, healthy life style categories. They form the need of people for physical exercises. They increase interest of people in the questions of hygiene, nutrition, labor and rest regimen. Information-consultive conversations (group and individual), useful information placing on sites of organizations and establishments are also used [13,15].
Implementation block is presented by the pedagogical approbation of physical state increase principles and methodologies in real life in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) population.
Experimental substantiation of the supposed system is presented by different methodologies and technologies approbation, created on the basis of differentiated approach to different groups of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) population.
We introduced the methodology of physical readiness level increase into educational-upbringing process of a child's development center - kindergarten "Chuoraanchyk" in Churapcha region of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). This methodology is based on an optimal motor regimen organization among senior pre-school children, using traditional and non-traditional forms and means of motor activity and directed toward motor density of lessons increase.
Before and after the pedagogical experiment (26 children took part in the experiment) the test of the main motor readiness indices was held. After the experiment the results of children from the experimental group (EG) considerably improved, in comparison with the results of children from the control group (CG). The following results improved: speed, speed-power related abilities, power and motor-coordinating abilities (in 30 meters running the increase was 11,6% (P<0,05); in shuttle running 3x10 meters - 18,8% (P<0,05); in sac throwing(200 grams) with the left and the right hand - till 21,2% (P<0,05); in stuffed ball
throwing- till 39,7% (P<0,05); in broad standing jump indices improved till 24,7% (P<0,05).) Maximum results increase was revealed in the experimental group in the test, characterizing power abilities of abdomen muscles.
We tested the methodology of physical culture activity in a form of lessons and other forms among secondary school age children using national means of physical activity. The pedagogical experiment was organized on the basis of the State Budgetary Educational Establishment of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) "Churapcha Republican Sports Secondary General Boarding School named after D.P. Korkin" in Churapcha
Picture - Multilevel system of physical state increase among different groups of population in the North
(by the example of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia))
village, the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Sampling was 38 pupils at the age of 14-15.
The lessons include the following units: national kinds of sport - mas-wrestling, khapsagay, Yakut national jumps, Yakut board games; independent lessons (morning exercises and generally developing exercises); general physical training lessons using specially selected original exercises and national outdoor games; sports competitions; sports-health-improving holidays and entertainment; lessons at summer sports-health-improving camp.
Summarizing the results of the pedagogical experiment, it should be noted that in both groups final results have positive dynamics in comparison with the results of the stating stage. However, the results of the experiment show better indices among EG pupils (P< 0,05). Motor readiness testing to the end of the forming stage showed that the most positive dynamics among EG pupils' indices were in the following exercises: chin-ups, where the increase was 40% (P<0,05); in long-jump the indices increase was 6,13% (P<0,05); the increase in hand dynamometry results was 10% (P<0,05).
In order to substantiate positive influence of physical activity the survey was held among those, who go in for traditional board games in sports-health-improving centers. The results were the following: 97% of those, who train consider that lessons provide emotional satisfaction; 94% get the opportunity to communicate with someone, who thinks the same way; 89% of respondents think that lessons increase the level of their physical activity; 87% are sure that during the lessons they get pleasure spending their free time. The respondents think that board games provide motor abilities development: 96% of the respondents think that the lessons develop quickness of movements; 89% think that they develop their motor-coordinating abilities; 67% of respondents answered that owing to these lessons their flexibility is also improved.
In terms of rural municipal establishments of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) sports clubs are created uniting people, who want to attend sports-health-improving lessons. The methodology of lessons is created, based on nordic (Scandinavian) walking and generally developing exercises. The experiment was held in natural conditions during one year and included 3-4 organized lessons a week in small groups and also independent lessons at home with female respondents at the age of 40-65.
The content of the lesson's methodology included nordic walking as the main health-improving means and a complex of specially selected exercises. Taking into account the age and level of physical state we offered individual programs of training. During the trainings we used the following equipment: modern information technologies of state self-control, mobile phones with embedded detectors (accelerators), with navigation trackers and accessories in a form of software. It gives an opportunity to solve the problem of indices results gathering and see their dynamics. "Physical state self-control diary" was offered for people, who go in for physical activity systematically.
The survey results comparison (in order to determine the motives of sports-health-improving lessons attendance) showed that before the experimental influence "Communication" motive in the CG was 43%, in the EG- 37%. During the forming stage of the experiment these indices increased by 3 and 16%.
"Health state improvement" motive increased in both groups by 20%. The number of respondents, who chose "Physical readiness improvement" motive increased in the CG by 4%, in the EG by 10%. Before the pedagogical experiment 61% of the respondents from the CG and 62% of the respondents from the EG had the motive of weight decrease. After the experiment the ratio changed: 62% and 65%. The results of the survey also show the number increase of people, who think that trainings provide emotional satisfaction.
Control test results among women during the initial and final results comparison showed that at the forming stage women from the experimental group had more considerable shifts in physical state indices, than women from the control group: in hands power indices - till 19,04% (P<0,05), vital capacity- till 12,1% (P<0,05), motor-coordinating abilities- till 28,5% (P<0,05), general endurance demonstration - till 10,2% (P<0,05). The experimental methodology had a positive influence on cardiovascular system activity, which was seen in arterial pressure (by 8,3%) and heart rate indices (by 14,6%) decrease. Invalid difference in
results of the CG and the EG was revealed in chest circumference indices.
Conclusion
1. It is revealed that for an effective system of physical state increase among population, it is necessary to follow the following principles: environmental factors and a person's physical state factors interconnection; the unity of motivational-axiological factors, ethnocultural traditions and the used physical activity means; life quality interconnection with the level of physical state, regional characteristics unity and taking into consideration during physical state control and estimation among population.
2. It is stated, that the specificity of Northern climate, which is characterized by different extreme climatic-geographical factors, such as cold, sharp temperature fall, electromagnetic field and atmospheric pressure tension, lead to regionally conditioned adaptation variants of physical state formation. Their negative influence on an organism, which has mainly a complex character, very often causes pathological processes in an organism. It is proved that the most considerable shifts happen in respiratory, hemopoiesis and blood circulation, endocrine, reproductive and nervous systems.
3. The problem of a low physical activity among population in terms of cold climate is conditioned by staying indoors for a long time period. It causes lack of ultraviolet rays and hypoxia, stimulates "physical deficiency" together with regular physical exercises absence, static load on the definite muscles groups increases, decreases the power and working capacity of skeletal muscles. It leads to locomotor apparatus damage, age-related development and physical abilities retardation.
4. The results of physical state monitoring among the population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) proves that some indices have valid differences in comparison with the indices of central regions population. It is the precondition for a purposeful activity connected with lagging physical state indices increase.
5. Close connection between life quality and a person's health is revealed, a low level of physical state causes restrictions in social and physical activity, everyday activity. It provides emotional state worsening, depression and anxiety appearance.
6. The necessity is revealed to improve sports and health improving activity by means of materialtechnical bases improvement with their availability increase, club system of work development. It provides greater number of people involvement.
7. Regionally adapted methodology of physical readiness control and estimation among young people was created and tested. This methodology is based on evaluation scale creation. It helps to take into consideration individual characteristics, stimulates a teacher's work connected with physical upbringing effectiveness increase at an educational establishment. It also provides a system control and estimation and also motivation increase among young people to improve their own physical readiness level.
8. Taking into account climatic and geographical, motivational-axiological, age-related and gender factors and ethnocultural traditions and also priority directions of sports-health-improving activity determination, we created a regional adapted multilevel system of physical state improvement among population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). This system is reasonably integrated by educational-upbringing and everyday processes. Experimental test of the offered system, realized at a pre-school educational establishment, at secondary and higher education establishments, in terms of sports-health-improving clubs with middle and elderly aged people, proved its value and effectiveness.
The created methodology of self-control introduction into sports lessons practice helped to see the definite parameters of physical and psychoemotional state, estimate the influence of physical activity on an organism, regulate the regimen of trainings, choose the range of safe physical loads, provide the skills of work with modern information technologies mastering.
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Submitted: 12.10.2018 Author's information:
Svetlana S. Gulyaeva - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Churapcha State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Sportivnaya str., house 2, Churapcha, Russia, 678671, e-mail: ssvyakutija@ yandex.ru
