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Authors information
Ivan Y. Shpedt - Student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
Evgeniy V. Golovikhin - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Sports Training Center of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region Combined Teams, Otradnyy, 9, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, Khanty-Mansiysk, 628002, Russia
Andrey N. Katenkov - Postgraduate, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
For citations: Shpedt I.Y., Golovikhin E.V., Katenkov A.N. Pedagogical conditions of competitive activity effectiveness increase in Kudo, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 90-98. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_242
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_243
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND ECOLOGY INTEGRATION AS THE CONDITION FOR THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL READINESS INCREASE AND ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW FORMATION AMONG SENIOR PUPILS
Irina V. Astrakhantseva - Senior Teacher Alexsandr V. Nazarenko -Doctor of Pedagogics, Associate Professor
A.V. Kirillov - Postgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. Irrational use of natural resources and consumer's attitude to environment are the main reasons, which prevent steady social and economic development of the country. The existing problem solution is in integral state system of ecological education creation, which is mentioned in several important laws of the Russian Federation, the Decrees of the Russian Federation President and other documents. Material. The results of scientific research works of the specialists in ecology prove, that ecological world view, nature protecting attitude to environment formation can be successfully realized only in case of interaction with the world. This article offers a new approach to ecological education and senior pupils' upbringing organization by means of the following subjects integration: physical culture and ecology. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, pedagogical experience of the specialists- ecologists summarizing, pedagogical experiment, testing, business games, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Physical culture and ecology integration is possible owing to excursions, touristic trips and expeditions of ecological orientation organization and realization. Physical culture teacher determines the volume and the character of muscular load, the ways of its regulation, functional and psycho-emotional state control. Ecology teacher creates the themes of the lessons forms; gets pupils acquainted with the peculiarities of the region flora and fauna; the state of environment, parameters of environment: water, air, food and other parameters, which influence spiritual-moral and physical health of a person; reveals the reasons of environment critical state by the example of industrial enterprises activity, which empty waste into water and fertile lands. Excursions, trips, expeditions use increases the volume of motional activity, provides health improvement, the level of
physical readiness increase and ecological world view formation. Conclusion. The offered approach, together with senior pupils' health improvement, physical readiness indices increase, the applied skills of interaction with nature upbringing, helps to form ecological world view, which is the main condition for a consumer's attitude to environment change into nature protecting one. Keywords: ecological world view, physical readiness, pedagogical experiment, methodology.
Introduction. One of the modern epoch peculiarities is a considerable influence of anthropogenic activity on environment, which is demonstrated in unlimited use of natural resources. It conditions considerable change of the landscape, structure of the upper earth layers with unpredictable consequences. State documents of Russia creation: national plan of the ecology Ministry decisions actions and natural resources of the Russian Federation in realization UN Conference, concerning the problems of environment and its development, 1993; the Decree of the Russian Federation President №236 of February, 4, 1994 "On state strategy of the Russian Federation environment protection and steady development provision", 1996; the Russian Federation Law "On environment protection", 2002, is directed at ecological education, which will provide the system of special knowledge, skills of practical ecological activity, an active life position formation in difficult ecological problems solution. It demands principle change of interactions character and interrelations with environment on the basis of ecological world view formation. The research results by A.V. Pankratov, 2001; A.V. Zavodnyi, 2004; TV. Yakovenko, 2009 and others, showed, that a rational attitude to environment formation is possible only during the process of interaction and close communication with nature.
The aim of this research work is theoretical importance substantiation of physical culture and ecology integration as the condition for physical readiness level increase and ecological world view formation among senior pupils.
Objectives: 1. To reveal the conditions of excursions, touristic trips and expeditions effectiveness use for ecological world view formation and the level of physical readiness increase.
2. To create the methodology of excursions, touristic trips organization and realization, which are directed at ecological world view upbringing and motional-coordinating qualities development, and check the effectiveness of methodology during the pedagogical experiment.
Materials. Difficult social-economic situation in the country is conditioned by irrational use of natural resources and incorrect attitude to environment. Not created norms and rules of interaction between people and environment, no information about its ecological state; no state system of ecological education are the main reason of a low level ecological culture, a consumer's attitude to nature and its resources predominance [1, 4]. Great importance of ecological education declaration among population in international documents and in national strategies of country development doesn't achieve its aim without the system of events creation, which provide the necessity realization to change a consumer's attitude to environment into nature protecting one. This difficult problem solution is possible in case of competent specialists training in the sphere of ecology. However, nowadays state doesn't have sufficient material base and facilities for educational establishments and industrial collectives provision. Ecological education state in the country corresponds with the strategy of its transfer to a steady social-economic development.
The way out of the existing situation is possible owing to inclusion of school teachers into the process of ecological enlightenment, ecological upbringing and ecological education of pupils and other groups and categories of population. It will demand additional professional-pedagogical training of teachers in the sphere of ecology, which will help to determine ecological education as
the base for modern scientific knowledge, will provide educational subjects integration.
One of school subjects is physical culture, which is directed at the ability formation to control motional activity, motional-coordinating qualities development, health indices improvement. In "The National doctrine of the Russian Federation education till 2025" it is underlined that the priority objective of education system in the country is a person upbringing with a responsible attitude to own health and health of other people in spiritual-moral and physical aspects.
New approaches to education orient towards an integral development of personality, axiological attitude to health stimulation [2]. It makes the search and introduction of perspective technologies, different flexible forms of work with a high degree of effectiveness very urgent.
Modern social-cultural situation in Russia is characterized by considerable deterioration of ecology, the level of physical activity and health of population decrease. It makes the problem of the attitude to nature change very urgent. The transfer from anthropogenic civilization to information-post-industrial one increases the need of the society for ecologically favorable natural environment and makes ecology the center of scientific knowledge, considering ecological education as the base for educational subjects integration.
Physical culture at school and at a higher educational establishment with its varied means and forms of health-improving influence has great opportunities for health culture, skills of psycho-emotional, functional and physical state control and management formation. However, its opportunities in the sphere of spiritual-moral and physical health strengthening, development and improvement are not fully used. Typical to physical culture and ecology general means of physical influence on an organism: walking, running, swimming, skiing and others and also the forms of lessons: excursions, touristic trips and expeditions create favorable opportunities for ecological-cognitive, scientific-research activity organization in terms of an effective
problems solution, concerning the level of physical readiness, vital motional-coordinating, intellectual and moral-volitional qualities increase, which form the base for health indices improvement.
Mutual activity of ecology teacher and physical culture teacher provides the routs creation for excursions, trips, expeditions in accordance with the definite senior pupils' objectives solution. Physical culture teacher determines the difficulty of the route, its duration, kinds of motional activity (walking, running, with the definite tempo and character of movements along the woodlands: high grass, cross-country, up the mountain, down the mountain, with obstacles overcoming and others), taking into account physical readiness, physical development, age-related peculiarities and the weight of the rucksack.
Specialist in ecology creates content of the event:
- the peculiarities of flora and fauna of the given route, provided by a trip or the expedition;
- natural objects state in a definite region; the degree of their destruction revelation, the opportunities and conditions of their reconstruction, financial investments, people needed for reconstruction determination;
- the degree of water, air, woodlands, soil pollution revelation and their influence on an organism; the reasons of environment parameters deterioration revelation;
- comparative state evaluation of environment studied part by a teacher-ecologist, physical culture teacher and pupils;
- information about the state of the given part of nature in different periods of social development; fish stock state; diversity of birds, insects, animals.
Different information about environment state combination; environment influence on a person's health state and the influence of people on nature explanation; the reasons of natural objects destruction, great number of kinds of fish, birds, insects, animals, plants, metals and other things disappearance explanation led to ecological world view formation, the base for a
consumer's attitude to environment change to nature protecting one. On the other hand, during thematic ecological excursions, trips and expeditions senior pupils realized the importance of physical readiness, the definite development level of muscular power, endurance, quickness of reaction, dexterity, balance and other motional-coordinating qualities achievement. It had a positive influence on physical culture lessons attendance, motional activity and teacher's tasks fulfillment.
Results and their discussion. In order to check these theses pedagogical experiment was held. 47 pupils of the 10th -11th forms from comprehensive school №13 (Ulyanovsk) took part in the experiment. The control group (CG)-23 people and the experimental group (EG)- 24 people were organized. Before the pedagogical experiment the test was held in order to reveal the initial level of physical readiness using the following control exercises: 100 meters running (sec.); 2000 meters cross (min.); standing long-jump (cm); dip up in prone position (quantity); body lifting and lowering from dorsal position (quantity). The test results analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to the level of physical readiness among the pupils from the CG and the EG, fo>0,05).
Also the degree of ecological world view formation among the pupils from the CG and the EG was determined, as an integral system of views and opinions, based on natural-science knowledge, which determines the necessity understanding to change a consumer's attitude to nature protecting one to environment. The criterion of ecological world view formation was personal position demonstration concerning the problem of clear norms and rules of behavior setting at nature, which provide nature protecting attitude to environment, the violation of which should be regulated by civil and criminal legislation; considering the following events civic duty: participation in destroyed natural objects rehabilitation, planting of greenery and school, region, town territory improvement.
Research materials analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to the degree of ecological world view formation among the pupils from the CG and the EG, ^>0,05). Moreover, the ratio of coming late situations and non-attendance without any good excuse was taken into account: activity during motional tasks fulfillment; interest in physical readiness indices increase. Class register, scoresheets of RLD (ready for labor and defense) complex normatives fulfillment and control tests (provided by physical upbringing state program) study didn't reveal considerable differences among the pupils from the CG and the EG, fo>0,05).
Physical culture and ecology lessons in the CG were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with the content of the programs. In the EG each Sunday (4 times a month) and also during red-letter days, holidays excursions of ecological orientation were held, the program o these excursions was created together with physical culture and ecology teachers.
The methodology of these forms of lessons organization and realization included physical exercises, directed at the skills of interaction with nature formation: woodlands overcoming with the set speed with a rucksack of the set weight; ravines and other obstacles overcoming walking and running; the place choice for building a fire; cleaning up the used territory. The pupils form the EG gained the skills of functional indices, psycho-emotional state self-control; fulfilled motional tasks for muscular power, endurance, dexterity, body balance and other motional-coordinating qualities development.
Ecology teacher created the program of getting acquainted with the peculiarities of flora and fauna, natural objects, which gave the region specific coloring; with a ruinous influence of people on environment; consequences of industrial waste emptying into rivers and other water bodies; with negative influence of the polluted parameters of environment: air, water, food on a person's health. After each ecological excursion, trip, pupils expedition from the EG took part in the results of every event discussion, exchanged
their emotions, wrote essays analyzing own observations, conclusions, ideas. Moreover, the level of physical readiness was estimated; the lack of those or that motional-coordinating qualities development was revealed; the indices of practical activity skills, concerning self-service in natural conditions, were estimated.
After the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to estimate physical readiness of the pupils from the CG and the EG. The results of the test showed the indices improvement in both groups, with the evident predominance of the pupils from the EG. In 100 meters running with the initial results in the CG -15,51± 0,24 sec., to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased and were 15,12±0,13 sec., (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 15,55±0,31 sec., the indices increased and were 14,83±0,28 sec., (p>0,05); with the initial results in 2000 meters cross in the CG 12,17±0,36 min., to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved and were11,91±0,45 min., (p<0,05); in the EG with the initial results 12,11±0,22 min., the indices increased to 10,37±0,19min., (p<0,05). The same tendency of the results increase was revealed according to other tests. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that in the EG there were no more coming late situations and non-attendances during physical culture lessons without any good excuse; motional activity increased during different physical exercises fulfillment and there was the interest in motional-coordinating qualities increase. With the initial estimation of the ecological world view formation degree in the CG - 2,73±0,17 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved to 2,87±0,14 points, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 2,62±0,21 points, to the end of the experiment the indices increased and were 3,67±0,21 points, (p<0,05).
Conclusion. Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed that physical culture and ecology integration provides effectiveness of their influence increase during the objectives solution of physical
readiness indices increase, health improvement, motional-coordinating qualities development and also ecological world view formation, which is the main condition for nature protection need upbringing.
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Authors information
Irina V. Astrakhantseva - Senior Teacher Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, Email: [email protected]
Alexsandr V. Nazarenko - Doctor of Pedagogics Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia A.V. Kirillov -Ppostgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
For citations: Astrakhantseva I.V., Nazarenko A.V., Kirillov A.V. Physical culture and ecology integration as the condition for the level of physical readiness increase and ecological world view formation among senior pupils, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 98-103. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_243
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_244
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INFLUENCE ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF LATE PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
Larisa M. Zakharova — Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor,
V.S. Zakharova -Postgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. The effectiveness of the upbringing space organization of a pre-school child's development, the used methods and forms of work with children condition the success of cognitive and physical development and readiness to study at school. Native and foreign research works prove interconnection between cognitive and physical activity of children. Systematic involvement of schoolchildren into physical activity has a positive influence on cognitive processes, attention development. Materials. The peculiarities of cognitive activity determination among schoolchildren and conditions of its development revelation, one of which is a child's physical activity. Research methods: modern native and foreign authors' scientific and scientific-practical research works
