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13. Kuznetsov S.A. Future specialists' normative - juridical training methodology in the sphere of social tourism. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = The Russian Journal of Physical Education
and Sport (Pedagogico-Psychological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sport). 2017; 12(2): 116-125. URL: http://www.journal-science.org/ru/article/795.html. DOI
10.14526/01_2017_212 [In Russ., In Engl.].
Submitted: 06.02.2018
Author's information:
Kuznetsov S.A. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Senior Lecturer, Naberezhnye Chelny Branch of Higher Education Institution «TISBI University of Management», 423800, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan str., House 10, e-mail: stas1979@mail.ru
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-166-174
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ECOLOGY INTEGRATION AS THE CONDITION OF PHYSICAL READINESS LEVEL INCREASE AND ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW
FORMATION AMONG SENIOR PUPILS
Nazarenko A.V.1, Astrakhantseva I.V.1, Korotkova M.V.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, Ulyanovsk, avnokn@mail.ru, irma.astrahantsewa@yandex.ru, ld nazarenko@mail.ru
Annotation. Irrational use of natural resources and consumer's attitude to environment are the main reasons, which prevent steady social and economic development of the country. The way out of this situation is in an integrated state system of population ecological education creation, which is mentioned in some important laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Russian Federation President and other documents. Materials. The results of the specialists' scientific research work in ecology prove that ecological world view and nature protecting attitude to environment formation can be successful only in case of interaction with nature. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature, analysis and summarizing, progressive experience of specialists in ecology and trainers' analysis and summarizing, filming, pedagogical experiment, statistical processing of data. Results. The article presents a new approach to ecological education and upbringing among senior pupils' organization by means of educational subjects' integration: Physical Education and Ecology. This integration helps to improve health among pupils of the 10th and 11th form, increase physical readiness indices ,bring up the applied skills of interaction with nature, form ecological world view, which is the main condition for consumer's attitude to nature change for nature protecting one. Conclusion. Physical Education and Ecology integration is possible owing to excursions, touristic trips and ecological expeditions organization. Physical Education teacher reveals the volume and character of muscular load, the ways of its regulation, functional and psycho-emotional state control. Ecology teacher creates topics of these lessons forms; gets pupils acquainted with the characteristics of the region flora andfauna, environment state, parameters of environment: water, air, food and others, which influence spiritual-moral and physical health of a person; reveals the reasons for nature state using the examples of industrial enterprises activity, which dump waste into water and fertile lands. Excursions, trips, expeditions use increases the volume of motor activity,
provides health improvement, physical readiness level increase and ecological world view formation.
Keywords: Physical Education and Ecology integration, pedagogical experiment, methodology. For citations: Nazarenko A.V., Astrakhantseva I.V., Korotkova M.V. Physical Education and ecology integration as the condition of physical readiness level increase and ecological world view formation among senior pupils. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogical-Psychological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(3): 124-129. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-166-174.
URGENCY
One of the modern epoch characteristics is considerable influence of anthropogenic activity on environment, which is reflected in unlimited use of natural resources. It conditions significant changes in landscape, structures of the upper earth layers and unpredictable consequences [8]. State documents of Russia: national plan of the Russian Federation Ministry of Environment & Mineral Resources actions of the concerning resolutions of the United Nations Conference on the problem of environment and its development realization, 1993; decree of the Russian Federation President No236 of February,4 ,1994 "On state strategy of the Russian Federation environment protection and steady development provision", 1996; the Law of the Russian Federation "On environment protection", 2002 - are aimed at ecological education, which provides the system of special knowledge, skills of applied ecological activity, an active life position formation in solving difficult ecological problems. It demands the character of interaction with environment change on the basis of ecological world view formation. The results of the research works held by A.V. Pankratov, 2001; A.V. Zavodnaya, 2004; TV. Yakovenko, 2009; I V. Astrakhantseva, 2015, 2016 and others show that a rational attitude formation to environment is possible only in case of interaction and close communication with nature.
The aim of this research work is theoretical importance substantiation of Physical Education and Ecology integration as the condition of physical readiness level increase and ecological world view formation among senior pupils.
Objectives: 1. To reveal the conditions of excursions effectiveness, touristic trips and expeditions use for ecological world view formation and physical readiness level increase. 2. To create the methodology of excursions and touristic trips organization, directed toward ecological world view upbringing and senior pupils' motor-coordinating qualities development, check its effectiveness during the pedagogical experiment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Difficult social-economic situation in the country is conditioned by irrational use of natural resources and a directed attitude to environment. Not created norms and rules of interaction between people and nature, the absence of information concerning its state, state system of ecological education are the main reasons of a low ecological culture level, consumer's attitude to nature and its resources. Declaring the importance of ecological education among population in International documents and in national strategies of country development doesn't achieve its aim without the system of events creation, which provides the necessity realization to change consumer's attitude to environment for nature protecting and resource- saving one. It is possible to solve this difficult problem in case of competent specialists training in the sphere of ecology. However, nowadays the state doesn't have material base and means in order to provide educational establishments and industrial collectives with the specialists. Ecological education state in the country corresponds with the strategy of its transfer to a steady social-ecological development [2, 4, 5, 10, 11].
The way out of this situation is in comprehensive schools teachers' involvement into ecological enlightenment, ecological upbringing and ecological education of pupils and other categories of and groups of population. It demands additional professional-pedagogical training of teachers in the sphere of ecology, which will help to specify ecological education as the base of modern scientific knowledge, will provide educational subjects integration.
One of school general education subjects is Physical Education, directed toward the ability development to control motor activity, motor-coordinating qualities development, health indices improvement. In the "National doctrine of the Russian Federation education development till 2025" it is underlined that top-priority objective of educational system in the country is a person upbringing with a responsible attitude to own health and health of other people in spiritualmoral and physical aspects. New approaches to education are directed toward an integral development of a personality, an integral attitude to health stimulation [7, 8]. That is why it is important to search and introduce prospective technologies, different flexible forms of work with a high degree of effectiveness. Modern social-cultural situation in Russia is characterized by considerable ecological problems, physical activity level and population health decrease. It makes the problem of attitude to nature change very urgent, as poor state of nature has a negative influence on life quality of people.
A transfer from anthropogenic civilization to information -postindustrial civilization increases society needs for ecology favorable natural environment and puts ecology in the center of scientific knowledge, considering ecological education as the base for educational subjects' integration.
Physical Education at school and at a higher educational establishment with its different means and forms of health-improving influence has great opportunities for health culture, psycho-emotional, functional and physical state control and
management skills formation [7, 9]. However, its opportunities in the sphere of spiritualmoral and physical health strengthening, development and improvement are not used as they should be. Typical to Physical Education and Ecology general means of physical impact on an organism: walking, running, swimming, skiing and others, and also forms of lessons, such as excursions, touristic trips and expeditions, create favorable opportunities for ecological-cognitive, scientific-research activity organization in case of effective problems solution connected with physical readiness level increase, vital motor-coordinating, intellectual and moral-volitional qualities formation, which form the base for health indices improvement.
Mutual activity of Ecology teacher and Physical Education teacher provides routs creation for excursions, trips, expeditions in accordance with comprehensive schools' senior pupils' definite objectives solution. Physical Education teacher defines the difficulty of the route, its duration, kinds of motor activity (moving walking, running, with the definite tempo and character of movements along forest area: in high grass, cross-country, into the mountain, off the mountain, overcoming obstacles and etc.) taking into account physical readiness, physical development, age-related characteristics and also the weight of a hiking rucksack.
The specialist in ecology creates content of the event:
- the peculiarities of flora and fauna of this thematic area study, provided by a trip or expedition;
- the state of natural objects in the definite zone of the region; the degree of their destruction revelation, the opportunities and conditions of their renewal, financial investment, human resources determination;
- the degree of water, air, forest, soil pollution revelation and their influence on an organism, the reasons for environment parameters worsening;
- comparative evaluation of the studied part of environment by Ecology teacher, Physical Education teacher and pupils;
- information about the state of this zone of nature in different periods of social development; diversity of birds, insects, animals; fish stock state and etc.
Different information combination about environment; explaining environment state influence on a person's health state and the influence of people on nature, the reasons for natural objects, great amount of fish, birds, insects, animals, plants, metals disappearance and etc. provided ecological world view formation, the base for consumer's attitude to environment change for nature protecting one. On the other hand, during thematic ecological excursions, hikes and expeditions senior pupils realized the importance of physical readiness, the definite level of muscular power, endurance, quickness of reaction, dexterity, balance and other motor-coordinating qualities development. It had a positive influence on physical education lessons attendance, motor activity during the teacher's tasks fulfillment.
THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH AND THEIR DISCUSSION
In order to check mentioned above theses the pedagogical experiment was held. 47 pupils of the 10-11th forms of Ulyanovsk comprehensive school No13 took part in the experiment. The control group (CG)-23 people and the experimental group (EG)- 24 people were organized. The test was held before the pedagogical experiment in order to reveal the initial level of physical readiness, for these purpose the following control exercises were used:100 meters running (seconds); 2000 meters cross (minutes); standing long jump (cm); dip up (quantity); body lifting and lowering from dorsal position (quantity). The results analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to physical readiness level among the pupils from the CG and EG, (p>0,05).
Also we revealed the degree of ecological world view among schoolchildren of the CG and EG as an integral system of views and beliefs, based on natural scientific
knowledge, which determine the importance understanding of changing consumer's attitude to environment for nature protecting one. Evaluation criterion of ecological world view formation was personal position demonstration concerning the problem of setting clear norms and rules of behavior at nature, which provide nature protecting attitude to environment and the violation of which should be regulated by civil procedure laws and penal legislation; understanding the participation in ruined natural objects reconstruction, planting greenery on the territory of a school, region, town as a civic duty.
The research materials analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to the degree of ecological world view formation among pupils from the CG and EG (p>0,05). Moreover, the ratio of the missed classes without any reason and being late for classes was taken into account: activity during motor tasks fulfillment; interest in physical readiness indices increase. Class register, score sheets of "Ready for labor and defense" complex and control tests (physical upbringing state program) study didn't reveal considerable differences among schoolchildren from the CG and EG (p>0,05).
Physical Education and Ecology lessons in the CG were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with the content of Physical Education and Ecology programs. In the EG each Sunday (4 times a month) and also red-letter day and holiday excursions with ecological orientation were held, the program of which was created together with Physical education and Ecology teachers. The methodology of these lessons forms organization and holding included physical exercises, directed at skills of interaction with nature formation: overcoming forest areas with the given speed and the backpack of the definite weight, ravines and other obstacles overcoming walking and running, choosing the place for starting a fire, putting the used part of nature in order. EG pupils gained the skills of functional indices and psycho-emotional state self-control; fulfilled motor tasks for muscle strength,
endurance, dexterity, body steadiness and other motor-coordinating qualities development.
Ecology teacher created the program of getting acquainted with the peculiarities of flora and fauna, nature objects, which give the region special coloring; ruinous influence of a man on environment, consequences of emptying waste into rivers and other water reservoirs, negative influence of the polluted parameters of environment: air, water, food and others on a person's health. After each excursion, trip, expedition of ecological orientation schoolchildren of the EG took part in discussion of the event results, exchanged their expressions, wrote reports with own observations analysis, conclusions, offers. Moreover, the level of physical readiness was estimated, the drawbacks of these or that motor-coordinating qualities were revealed, the indices of practical activity skills of self-serving in terms of nature were evaluated.
After the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to check pupils' physical readiness in the CG and EG, the results of which showed the following: the indices improvement was in both groups with evident predominance of schoolchildren from the EG. In 100 meters running with the initial results in the CG 15,51± 0,24 seconds to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased and were 15,12±0,13 seconds (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 15,55±0,31 seconds the indices increased and were 14,83±0,28 seconds (p>0,05); in 2000 meters cross with the initial results in the CG 12,17±0,36 minutes, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved and were 11,91±0,45 minutes (p<0,05); in the EG with the initial results 12,11±0,22 minutes indices improvement was till 10,37±0,19 minutes (p<0,05). The same tendency of results increase was revealed according to other tests.
The results of the pedagogical experiment also showed that in the EG there were less missed classes and pupils almost were not late for physical education lessons without any good reason, their physical activity during different physical exercises
fulfillment and interest in motor-coordinating qualities improvement also considerably increased. With the initial ecological world view mark in the CG 2,73±0,17 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 2,87±0,14 points (р>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 2,62±0,21 points results increased and were 3,67±0,21 points (р<0,05).
CONCLUSION
Thus, pedagogical experiment results showed that Physical Education and Ecology integration provides their effectiveness increase of their influence during the problems solution of physical readiness indices, health improvement, motor-coordinating qualities development and ecological world view formation, which is the main condition of the need for environment protection upbringing.
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Author's information:
Nazarenko A.V. - Doctor of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: avnokn@mail.ru
Astrakhantseva I.V. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Acting Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: irina.astrahantsewa@yandex.ru
Korotkova M.V. - Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
