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MODERN CONTENT AND CONCEPT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY A.T. Kenjabaev1, Doctor of Economic Science, Professor
M.X. Abdullaev2, head of the department for the development of information and communication technologies and information security
1Graduate School of Business and Entrepreneurship
2State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for geology and mineral resources (Uzbekistan, Tashkent)
DOI:10.24412/2411-0450-2021-9-1-105-111
Abstract. This article examines the features of the development of the digital economy in a particular region in a pandemic. The key technologies of the digital economy of a particular region are given. The effectiveness of the use of the digital economy in Uzbekistan is analyzed and a strategy for its development is proposed.
Keywords: digital economy, cognitive, cloud technologies, Internet of things, big data, virtual reality, 3D printing, quantum computing, distributed ledgers, artificial intelligence and robotics, biotechnology.
Introduction. In Uzbekistan, 2020 has been declared the Year of Science, Education and Development of the Digital Economy. In connection with this event, on April 28, the president signed a decree "On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and electronic government."
The document provides for the accelerated formation of the digital economy with an increase in its share in the country's gross domestic product by 2023 by 2 times. All health care institutions, schools, preschool education organizations, villages and makhallas must be connected to high-speed Internet in 20202021. In this regard, this time is very relevant digital literacy. The term "digital economy" was coined over 25 years ago. This term was introduced into literary circulation in 1995 by Nicholas Negroponte, a scientist from the University of Massachusetts. The content of the term is still unclear. The World Bank report is also not clear-cut.
For a complete understanding, it should be noted that the term "digital economy" is a relatively new concept for modern science. For many years, the economy was viewed from a traditional angle, where there were well-established models of interpersonal relationships and procedures. ut the rapid development of information and communication
technologies, their global penetration into all spheres of life without exception, has radically changed the models of communication. Thanks to the rapid development of ICT, it is now possible to perform all the necessary business operations and conduct document management remotely with a high degree of efficiency. And already at this stage, it is cheaper and much faster.
Also, in modern public discourse, the term "information society" is very often used — the kind of society where information and knowledge are the most valuable commodity. It is they, and not the exhausted resources, that are the driving force of economic development today. Digital technologies, in turn, bring their value to a higher, qualitative level. This is done by reducing the overall economic costs with extensive scalability and universal data transfer. At the same time, the rate of economic growth is increasing many times. Moreover, as an entity, the digital economy is not limited only to commercial relations, but also, as already mentioned, affects all spheres of society, starting from the receipt of public services and ending with individual orders and the purchase of goods and services on the Internet.
In a generalized form, the digital economy can be represented as that part of economic
relations that integrates mobile communications, information and communication and Internet technologies. Modern digital technology effectively manages communications between companies, banks, government and the public, removing long existing chains of intermediaries and accelerating the implementation of diversified transactions and transactions such as sales, loans, leases, taxes, fines, fees, other payments and settlements within the country and internationally.
The digital economy is an economic activity in which the main key factor of production is digital data, the processing of large volumes and the use of the analysis results of which, in comparison with traditional forms of management, can significantly increase the efficiency of various types of production, technologies, equipment, storage, sale, delivery goods and services. In other words, a characteristic feature of the "Digital Economy" is the maximum satisfaction of the needs of all its participants through the use of information, including personal information.
This becomes possible thanks to the development of information and communication and Internet technologies, as well as the availability of infrastructure, which together provide the possibility of full interaction in the hybrid world of all participants in economic activity: subjects and objects of the process of creation, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
In the context of a pandemic, the development of online business and sales of products using online broadcasting is taking place at an accelerated pace. Many of our compatriots have found new jobs related to the digital economy.
This trend will continue as the pandemic weakens. Our digital economy is becoming a powerful "incubator" of new jobs.
The deepening integration of the digital economy with the real sector has influenced the emergence of new segments, new formats and new business models, and wages in the digital economy segment are becoming more competitive.
The essence of the matter.
The digital economy will continue to remain a key driving force behind the economic
development of our country, becoming a powerful argument for attracting professionals and expanding employment.
The key technologies that determine the scale of the upcoming changes in the digital economy of Uzbekistan are:
- cognitive technologies;
- cloud technologies;
- Internet of Things;
- big data;
- virtual and augmented reality;
- 3D printing;
- quantum computing;
- distributed ledgers;
- artificial intelligence and robotics;
- biotechnology.
By the end of this year, 239 digital projects will be implemented in 14 regions of the country in the field of healthcare, cadastre, social protection, agriculture, education.
In addition, in the near future, work will begin on the implementation of the "Electronic Clinic" system, which will reduce paperwork in medical institutions by 40%, and the waiting time in queue by 60%.
Currently, electronic medical records, information systems for hospitals and ambulances are being introduced in the capital. Next year, these software will also be launched in Andijan, Namangan, Fergana, Jizzakh, Syrdarya, Surkhandarya and Khorezm regions. In addition, in all regions will begin to launch the systems "Electronic diary", "Electronic textbook", "Assessment of teachers".
In addition, a national system of training and certification of information technology teachers will be introduced on the basis of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies and IT-parks. It is noted that the presence of this certificate will allow teachers to receive a 50 percent salary bonus. School teachers will also be rewarded if their students successfully complete the One Million Programmers course. The widespread introduction of digital technologies is planned at all stages of the education system. By 2022, digital knowledge training centers will open in all regions of the country as part of the Five Initiatives project. Until 2022, it is
planned to implement 268 projects in Uzbekistan aimed at the development of the Electronic Government system, telecommunications, the Technological Park of software products and information technologies, as well as the introduction of digital technologies in the economy, agriculture and water economy [1].
These projects should become the basis for the emergence of new high-tech enterprises and the entire digitalization of the economy.
The transition to the digital economy is a requirement of the times. The world's largest merchandise and resource businesses use digital technologies associated with ebusiness and commerce in their operations. This makes them participants in the market for digital goods and services, where they act as consumers and customers, and sometimes even create and offer new technologies.
The importance of further digitalization of the economy of Uzbekistan was noted in the January Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy Majlis. The head of our state outlined the active transition to the digital economy as one of the top priorities for the next five years. According to available data, the capacity of the servers operating in Uzbekistan is already running out, and the implementation of the planned projects requires 10 times more, so it is necessary to build a new data center worth $ 30 million.
According to the decree, it is planned to triple the share of the digital economy in the volume of services in this area by 2023, bringing their exports to $ 100 million.
As it turned out, only 30 percent of more than 700 information systems in government agencies are connected to the "Electronic Government". Out of 80 departments providing public services, only 27 are integrated with the Agency for Public Services. Therefore, the task was set to introduce a new order, providing for an increase in the size of bonus payments to the heads of ministries and departments or its reduction based on the level of integration of information technologies into their activities. Among the tasks set for this year are the expansion of the local fiberoptic network, an increase in the coverage of fiber-optic communications in the preschool
education system from 41 to 100 percent, in the public education system - from 40 to 70 percent, in health care - from 38 to 100 percent.
Across the entire sphere, one of the main policy documents defining the vector of development of the ICT sector in the near future is the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e-government". According to it, it is planned to increase the share of the digital economy in the country's GDP by 2 times by 2023 and to increase the volume of services in this area by 3 times, bringing their exports to $ 100 million. Accordingly, in the period 2020-2022, it is planned to implement 268 projects in various areas of economic and economic activity [2].
The implementation of the digital economy policy involves, first of all, the creation of a full-fledged virtual economic space that can meet the needs of consumers of electronic services. And over the past two years, there has been a qualitative leap in the development of the telecommunications industry.
Only last year, during the development of the telecommunications infrastructure in the Republic, 490 thousand broadband access ports were installed, and thus the total number of subscriber access ports reached 2.5 million units. In addition, about 9 thousand kilometers of fiber-optic lines were laid, including an additional increase in the overall telecommunications infrastructure in all regions of the country.
As a result of the modernization of existing production facilities, the capacity of backbone telecommunications was increased twice in the regions, and four times in the districts.
Consistent work is also being carried out in the field of improving the availability of mobile communications and the quality of mobile services. Only this year, 1,375 mobile base stations were installed, and thus their total number in the Republic was brought to 27.4 thousand. Currently, mobile coverage of the population of the Republic has reached 97 percent, including 78 percent of subscribers using broadband mobile Internet services.
In order to further develop the telecommunications infrastructure in the current year, the
task is to introduce at least 800 thousand broadband Internet ports and lay 12 thousand kilometers of fiber-optic communication lines. Large-scale work is also being carried out in terms of increasing the availability of mobile services for the population. Within two years, about 4.4 thousand new mobile base stations will be installed in the regions. And the main focus will be on remote localities. The coverage of the population of the republic with broadband mobile Internet will be increased to 85 percent. Thus, the most important task of eliminating the digital divide between the city and the district will be further implemented.
Clearly, one of the primary tasks in the development of the entire sphere of infocom-munications is to provide high-speed Internet connection to social facilities - healthcare and education institutions. So, to date, about 60 percent of all social facilities (11,875 units), including 5,760 general education schools, 3,782 preschool educational institutions, as well as 2,233 health facilities are provided with high-speed Internet based on fiber-optic technologies.
The essential fact is that the volume of data transmission in the digital environment is growing exponentially from year to year, and it requires more and more software and hardware to process it. Therefore, among the important tasks for the further development of the telecommunications market is also the increase in hardware and server capacity for storing virtual information. Based on this, among the important tasks, it is also planned to increase the capacity and number of data centers by 10 times compared to the current indicators.
The measures taken are also aimed at significantly increasing the speed of Internet access throughout the country.
To assess the scale of the activities carried out, it is enough to simply provide open data. So, according to the latest data from the service Speedtest.net In Uzbekistan, a steady increase in the speed of Internet access is recorded every month. Currently, our country in the overall ranking showed an increase of 18 points compared to the same period last year in the fixed broadband Internet sector, and 7 points in the mobile Internet sector.
At the same time, the tariffs for telecommunications services are consistently reduced. During 2019, the cost of tariffs for providers and operators for connecting to external channels decreased from 85 thousand soums to 70 thousand soums for 1 Mbit/s. And starting from January 1, 2020, the tariff for an external Internet channel for operators and providers has fallen by another 20 percent compared to 2019, and today it is 56 thousand soums per 1 Mbit/s.
As noted above, the concept of "digital economy" includes not only purely economic issues, but also covers other areas of citizens ' life. The speed of decision-making on certain topical issues directly affects the socioeconomic relations in society and the development of society as such.
For example, the faster a new company passes all the registration stages and other mandatory procedures, the faster it will start its activities. Or, for example, the sooner a citizen receives documents for conducting business, the faster he will ensure stability for himself, his relatives and begin to pay taxes to the treasury. Thus, the very level of provision and access to public services play a crucial role in the socio-economic development of the country, in improving the well-being of the population and further progress.
Over the past two years, Uzbekistan has implemented specific measures aimed at developing e-government, creating a holistic system for providing modern e-government services.
Today, citizens can get a whole range of services through a single portal of interactive public services (https://my.gov.uz). Currently, more than 200 types of public services are provided through the EPIGU, more than 20.8 million applications have been processed. Among the important projects, we can also mention the Virtual Reception of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the consideration of appeals of entrepreneurs ("business.gov.uz"), a single electronic system for the development and approval of draft regulatory legal acts ("project.gov.uz"), Open Data Portal (data.gov.uz).
However, the development of e-government implies not only the provision of public services unilaterally. The key to effec-
tive leadership is the formation of a feedback mechanism with citizens, the formation of an agenda based on current and topical topics.
To this end, in April 2018, the Portal of collective appeals "Mening fikrim" was launched, which in a short time turned into an effective tool for interaction between authorities and the population. At the moment, the portal has received more than 3.9 thousand collective appeals, published more than 26.4 thousand proposals. In order to further improve the activity of the portal, it is planned to develop and launch a mobile application of the web portal "Mening fikrim".
At the same time, it is necessary to continue to work consistently and comprehensively in this direction, to increase attention to the integration of state systems, to popularize electronic public services among the population as much as possible.
To this end, specific measures and tasks for the near future have been developed. According to them, in 2020-2022, it is planned to implement 104 projects for the development of e-government and bring the share of e-government services to 60 percent by 2022.
The development of the e-government system undoubtedly plays a crucial role in the digital transformation of the entire society and the socio-economic development of the state. First of all, it will significantly simplify the work of state bodies, and citizens will receive obvious benefits and advantages.
The issue of rapid development of cities and the urban population is becoming more and more relevant and acute every year. In this context, the concept of a "digital city" implies a qualitative revision of human life in large settlements: the creation of a comfortable urban environment through the widespread introduction and use of digital technologies.
For Uzbekistan, with a population of 34 million, this is very important. It is with this in mind that a comprehensive program "Digital Tashkent" has been developed, aimed at completely transforming the information aura of our capital, with the introduction of advanced information and communication technologies.
Thus, one of the main conditions for the stable development of any society is a devel-
oped health care system. It is planned to radically improve the activities of the capital's medical institutions and improve the quality of medical services provided by digitalizing the sphere. For example, the registration of newborns, the issuance of prescriptions, and the maintenance of patients ' medical records will be transferred to an electronic format, which will greatly facilitate the work of health workers and allow them to introduce new forms of medical services, more effectively treat patients on the basis of existing information.
Or take such another important area as education, where the digitalization of educational processes will not only reduce the burden on teachers, reduce costs, but most importantly, increase transparency in this area. Among the initial tasks - the introduction of electronic journals and diaries in schools, as well as the transfer of organizational and economic activities of preschool educational institutions in an electronic format.
An equally important condition for ensuring a decent standard of living for the population of the capital is the development of housing and communal services. In this regard, the creation of the information and payment system "Mening Uyim" is aimed at solving urgent issues in the housing and communal services industry: increasing transparency in this area, increasing payment discipline among the population, and rational use of available resources.
Another prerequisite for a high-quality lifestyle in cities is the presence of a developed public transport system. In this direction, it is planned to create an opportunity to purchase air, rail and bus tickets online, as well as to pay for public transport services through the national payment systems HUMO and UZCARD.
Of course, we should not discount the fact that the city itself is a complex unified system, and therefore, when implementing major urban solutions, it is very important to take into account the opinion of the urban population. To this end, it is planned to launch an electronic portal and a mobile application " Halk Nazorati "("Public Control"), which should become an effective tool for public and municipal control.
Among other important projects, we can mention the development and implementation of the information system "Bozor Narhi" ("Market Price") for online monitoring of prices in bazaars and retail outlets of the capital for 29 main food items, as well as the information tourist system E-Mehmon.
All directions implemented within the framework of the Digital Tashkent project are relevant and important and are aimed at creating comfortable conditions for residents and guests of the capital.
In fact, paradoxically, the regime of self-isolation around the world has served as a catalyst for the development of digital technologies. It turned out that digital technologies are the most effective tool that can ensure the efficiency of all spheres of the economy and social life, while minimizing the damage.
In our country, the regime of self-isolation, as well as in other states, forced us to reconsider the approaches to the work of state bodies, business and the life of citizens. And as the head of the country stressed, right now, during the coronavirus pandemic, the importance of measures for the further widespread introduction of digital technologies in the sphere of public administration, public services, trade, education, etc. is clearly proved. Thanks to this, the continuity and continuity of the work of both the state apparatus and the branches of the economy and the spheres of public life in general were ensured.
Everyone knows that since March of this year, all telecommunications operators have provided free access to electronic educational and the most widely read domestic news resources and to the official website on the topic of coronavirus infection(coronavirus.uz).
To provide objective and reliable information and promptly respond to citizens ' questions on medical issues, a call center of the Ministry of Health with a short single number 1003 has been operating in Tashkent since March 16. Also, all telecommunications operators and providers provided citizens with free access to the specified number throughout the country.
Since March, broadcasts of online lessons under the heading "Online School" have start-
ed on national television. The video lessons were broadcast in an open mode via terrestrial, cable and IP television, as well as through additional channels broadcast via terrestrial satellite television for the population living in remote and remote settlements.
The Technology Park of Software Products and Information Technologies (IT-Park) has also adapted its activities, successfully transferring its projects to an online format.
Among the important IT projects implemented during this period, we can note:
- development of the Coronavirus Yordam telegram bot for consultation on coronavirus infection;
- implementation of the new state service "Abiturient" on a single portal for online registration of applicants;
- development by students of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khorazmiy of the ImtihonGo mobile application for determining the location of entrance exams;
- Self-safety mobile app for maintaining social distance;
- the project of students of Inha University in Tashkent "Birdamlik" for the coordination of the volunteer movement;
- free educational courses in Uzbek together with Coursera - one of the leading online educational platforms in the world.
In addition, under the quarantine regime, all telecommunications operators and providers offered their subscribers new, more favorable tariffs and introduced new services in order to create additional amenities for their customers.
Thus, since March of this year, the Ministry and its subordinate enterprises have taken all possible measures to protect the country's population from the negative consequences of the pandemic, to mitigate its negative impact on the economy.
Conclusion. Recent studies show that information technology can improve the efficiency of agriculture, land registration and monitoring. So, space sounding of the soil can be used to study the cultivated areas, vegetation process, soil reclamation and the degree of mineralization. This allows you to increase
the yield by 25-30 percent due to the precise definition of the necessary agrotechnical measures.
Another important document aimed at developing the digital economy is the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev "On measures for the widespread introduction of digital technologies in the city of Tashkent" dated March 17, 2020. It defines the comprehensive program "Digital Tashkent", which provides for the introduction of advanced ICT in education, health care, transport, catering, retail and wholesale trade in Tashkent. Moreover, it is inextricably linked with the Safe City project. At the first stage of this project in 2019-2020, a single technological platform is being created in Tashkent. By 2023, the Safe City pro-
ject will be implemented in all regions of the country. By the end of the year, it is planned to introduce electronic medical records, electronic hospital systems and emergency medical care in the capital, develop a Unified Register of Social Protection for keeping records of social benefits.
All these large-scale and urgent projects and tasks are undoubtedly important for the socio-economic development of Uzbekistan in the coming years, because the future of our country is inextricably linked with the widespread introduction and use of digital technologies. The digital economy is a comprehensive concept that covers all sectors of the economy and spheres of life without exception.
References
1. URL: https: //uz.sputniknews.ru/economy/20200922/15032608/V-Uzbekistane-vnedryat-tsifrovuyu-ekonomiku-i-elektronnoe-pravitelstvo.html.
2. URL: https://yuz.uz/ru/news/tsifrovaya-transformatsiya-ekonomiki-rezultat-perspektiv-i-plan.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ А.Т. Кенжабаев1, д-р экон. наук, профессор
М.Х. Абдуллаев2, начальник отдела развития информационно-коммуникационных технологий и обеспечения информационной безопасности 1Высшая школа бизнеса и предпринимательства
Государственный комитет Республики Узбекистан по геологии и минеральным ресурсам
(Узбекистан, г. Ташкент)
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются особенности развития цифровой экономики в конкретном регионе в условиях пандемии. Приведены ключевые технологии цифровой экономики конкретного региона. Проанализирована эффективность использования цифровой экономики в Узбекистане и предложена стратегия ее развития.
Ключевые слова: цифровая экономика, когнитив, облачные технологии, Интернет вещи, большие данные, виртуальная реальность, 3П-печать, квантовые вычисления, распределенные реестры, искусственный интеллект и робототехника, биотехнологии.
