12TENDENCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY IN
UZBEKISTAN
A. N. Rasulov
Teacher of the Department of Pedagogy and Management of CSPI
S. N. Raxmatullaeva Teacher of 122nd school in Yunusabad district
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the current trends of the digital economy and its role in the development of society.
Keywords: digital economy, tendencies, developing, society
INTRODUCTION
Over the past two years, the country has been consistently implementing measures to develop the digital economy, and e-commerce systems are being gradually introduced to government agencies and other organizations to provide electronic documents and services to individuals and legal entities.
The decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures for the development of the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan" (1) was adopted with the aim of further improvement of the system of Public Administration, creation of conditions for the introduction and development of the digital economy, improvement of the investment climate, as well as it was adopted in 2017-2021 for the purpose of implementation of the strategy of action on five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the work in this direction is carried out as a practical program.
LITERATURE REVIEW
At present, the trend of development of entrepreneurship in our country has become a transition to digitized or digital technologies.
From a business point of view, digitization means a gradual transition of the sphere of product, service, brand or activity to the Internet space, while taking into account the peculiarities of the development of new information and communication technologies, as well as a new understanding of consumer rules.
From an organizational point of view, social digitization corresponds to the organization of work associated with the change of the process and the introduction of new information technologies. From the point of view of users, digitization can be considered a real explosion of online life and the emergence of a concept with Multi screens (Smart TV, computers, tablets, smartphones, etc.).
The way of digital transformation requires appropriate efforts from the state, business and society. This is not just automation, but also changes in the business model and strategy. Therefore, it is important to develop electronic services in the public sector, introduce digital technologies at the level of a single company and increase the literacy level of a modern citizen.
The decision of the head of our state "On measures for the further modernization of digital infrastructure for the purpose of development of the digital economy "is of great importance in creating conditions for the rapid development of the digital economy, further improvement of the system of Public Administration, expansion of opportunities for its use and application of modern infrastructure.
One of the main tasks in the field of development of the digital economy, including the attraction and consolidation of investors ' funds for the implementation of projects related to the introduction of blocking technologies under the conditions of Public-Private Partnership, was the creation of a fund for the development of the digital economy in the form of a state-owned institution "Digital Trust".
It is necessary to develop the direction of Internet products and Big Data, Support IT solutions with high export potential. It is important not only to develop a strategy, but also to prioritize priorities and control the indicators.
The success in the development of the digital economy depends on how closely the state, corporate and social sectors are moving towards the digital future.
The changes taking place in the modern world affect not only the financial environment, but also almost all spheres of life .The digital economy is entering all spheres of the country's socio-economic development.
RESULTS
Today, without the technology of the digital economy, it is difficult to imagine our lives, including Entrepreneurship. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoev insisted: "The digital economy allows to grow the gross domestic product by at least 30 percent, sharply reducing corruption. The analysis conducted by influential international organizations also confirms this.
Therefore, it is necessary to carry out transformation in the spheres of economy, develop information technologies in the national economy and attract investments in this direction ".
Also, the government was entrusted with the development of a "road map" on the transition to the digital economy within 2 months. In the near future, the National concept of the digital economy, which provides for the renewal of all sectors of the economy on the basis of digital technologies, will be developed and the "Digital Uzbekistan - 2030" program will be implemented.
At the moment, the digital economy and a number of effective technologies associated with are entering our lives rapidly. Therefore, in order to accelerate the development of the state and society, the leadership of our republic has made several important decisions.
For example, the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in his address to the Supreme Assembly on the most important tasks for December 28, 2019, also stated the following on the development of the digital economy in our country: "We need to develop a "national consensus on the digital economy", which provides for the renewal of all sectors of the economy on this basis, we must implement the program" Digital Uzbekistan-2030". The digital economy allows to grow the gross domestic product by at least 30 percent, sharply reducing corruption.
The analysis conducted by influential international organizations also confirms this. Therefore, the government will be entrusted with the development of a "road map" on the transition to the digital economy within two months. Special attention should be paid to ensuring information security in this regard." In addition, the implementation of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 19, 2018 No P-5349 "On Measures for Further Development of Information Technology and Communications", as well as the creation of conditions for accelerated development of modern information technologies in the public administration of digital economy in the country; Also, in order to ensure information security, the Cabinet of Ministers on August 31, 2018 defines "The goals and objectives of the digital Republic of conformity with the introduction of the digital economy and the development of additional measures adopted Resolution", and the decisions of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on measures for the development of the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan" PP-3832 03.07.2018 can also be included in the sentence of these events.
DISCUSSION
In this decision, the following are indicated as the most important tasks for the further development of the digital economy:
• To diversify investment and entrepreneurship in the field of crypto active turnover, including mining, Smart contract, consulting, emission, exchange, storage, management, insurance, kraud-funding (collective financing), as well as the introduction and development of blocking technologies.
• Training of qualified personnel with practical skills in the production and use of blockchain technologies.
• To ensure close cooperation of state bodies and business entities in the field of the introduction of innovative ideas, technologies and businesses for the further development of the digital economy.
• Attraction of highly qualified foreign experts in the sphere of crypto activation and development of cooperation with international and foreign organizations in the field of blockchain technologies.
• Creating a legal framework for the implementation of blockchain technology, considering the international experience.
For the successful implementation of the above decrees and decisions, it is required to know exactly what is the essence of the digital economy and what are its basic concepts. Before we begin our journey into this interesting and attractive field of digital economy, we will try to familiarize ourselves with the information society and several key concepts that are inextricably linked with it. Because then it will be possible to correctly understand the issue, problems and conceptions that are reflected in this booklet. In short and concisely, the digital economy is the economic activity of a person, which provides for the production of the blessings of society, distribution and the wide introduction of electronic and Information Communication Technologies in the processes of consumption.
The term digital economy is used to denote two different concepts. First, the digital economy is considered a modern stage of development, which is characterized by the priority role of creative labor and information blessings. Secondly, the digital economy is a self-contained theory, the object of its study is an informed society.
The theory of digital economy is in the early stages of its development, since the transition of civilization to the digital information stage began only a few decades ago.The term" digital economy " was introduced into scientific practice by Manuel Castels, a Spanish and American sociologist, a leading researcher of an information society. In this regard, he published his three-volume monograph" Information Age: Economy, Society
and culture". By now, the theory of the digital economy has not yet been formed on the scan and is being studied extensively by many economists. In the scientific literature, the present-day "new digital economy" is called by various variations. For example, "postindustrial economy" (D.Bell)," information economy " (o.Toffler), "megaeconomics" (V.Kovaldin), " information and communication-based economy "(I.Niiniluto), "technoeconomics or digital economy" (B.Geyts), "knowledge-based economy" (D.Tapskott).
The factor that connects these concepts is the fact that economic processes take the primary place of Information Technology in the process of globalization. Speaking about the digital economy, it is appropriate to give a definition to an informed society. As an informed society, much of the people operating in it are told to a society that is engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially knowledge of its highest form. This stage of development of society and economy is characteristic of a further increase in the importance of information, knowledge and Information Technology in the life of society. Economists use various technological, economic, labor, spatial, consumer and creative criteria in describing an information society in which the digital economy is dominant. Below we will try to consider each of them in more detail.
Technological criteria. New technologies are perceived as a birthmark of an informed society. It refers to television, computer networks, personal computers, new office technologies, etc. through cable and satellite. It is comforting that such a volume of technological innovation will lead to social restructuring, because their impact on society will be much more noticeable. In Japan, the Ministry of communications and telecommunications uses complex techniques to measure, consider the volume of telephone conversations, means of information delivery, since 1975.
Against the technological criterion, the following measures are put forward:
- there is no rational unit of measurement of the volume of information and Communication Technology in the society;
- the problem of the fact that in the indicator of the technological level there is no valuable solution to determine the point at which society can be called informatized;
- technologies are inseparable from the social sphere, they are an integral part of society.
For example, the decisions taken on the issue of this or that research and scientific developments represent social priorities, and based on these evaluations, different technologies develop. Technological determinism gives an unreasonably important place
to technology, but technology as a non-social phenomenon can not serve as the main, social factor of the development of society.
And the economic criterion implies that information takes into account the growth of economic dignity. The increase in the share of information business in the domestic product of gross production indicates that the development of society is moving towards an informed society. To determine the level of development of the digital economy, scientists are offered to add the indicator "gross digital product". It reflects the market value of information, goods and services that are useful to the consumer, created in the economic sectors with the help of Information Technology or information and visual component.
It should be noted that the main difference between blockchain and cryptocurrencies is that their structure is fragmented (decentralized). There is no single center or bank in the blockchain and cryptocurrency system, and the entire network operates on a p2p (peer-to-peer) Pyrex architecture. That is, such a network consists of client applications that have the same rights. Each blockchain and cryptocurrency client program, in turn, is a self-supporting structure that connects to the global cryptocurrency network and operates automatically 24 hours a day. Emission of cryptocurrencies is based on the principle of mining. Mining is a process by which computer systems use computing power to create a chain of cryptocurrency transactions. At the same time, each block must have some criteria of accuracy and degree of complexity. For this we use hashing algorithms. Thus, the miners will simultaneously find new microtubules and perform all possible types of cryptocurrency transactions. If the miners stop working, 14 cryptocurrencies will disappear. The resources of today's simple PCs will not be enough for the largest volume of cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Litecoin). That is why they use fast and powerful computer stations with very high computing power, called "miners" or "farms." Crypto currencies are protected against fraudulent algorithms, and their decoding (protection) is currently practically impossible. Digital Money - Crypto actives Let's go back to clarifying the issue, and first, answer the question: What is money?
At the same time, there is a specific control and financial intermediaries (banks, exchanges, etc.) are charged for security and services. It is true that direct payments can be made in cash without paying any fees, but this is a major disadvantage for large-scale transactions and for payments with remote partners. In addition, there is a possibility that cash may be forged. Due to global trends and developments in foreign policy, Uzbekistan faces the challenge of global competitiveness and national security, and the development of the digital economy in the country plays an important role.
Some elements of the digital economy are already successfully operating in our country. Nowadays, given the massive transfer of documents and communications to digital media, electronic signatures and government communications are also being transferred to electronic platforms. The authors of this manual will analyze the causes of digitalization, examine the causes and objectives of the emergence of the digital economy, and analyze the methods and technologies that will support the operation of the digital economy.
The digitization of economic processes is becoming a broad trend that covers not only the direct information and communication network, but also all spheres of economic activity of the country.
Digital economies are virtual environments that complement realities. Experts in Western countries agree that digital technology will not work unless the relationship between economic entities and management is set up. Marketing is also slowly approaching the essence of economic interactions, the basic driving force that forces everyone to engage in economic interactions.
In the digital economy, the process of managing (through professional staff) is a computerized system of interaction management, with extensive work on the use of electronic data to meet the growing needs of mankind.
New digital technologies and platforms allow the management of individuals and businesses to reduce transaction costs in large-scale interactions and maintain close links with government outlets and businesses. As a result, a digital or electronic economy based on network services is formed. GDP The concept of digitalization represents a new stage of improving the production and management of goods and services based on the "universal" application of modern information technologies, from the internet of products to the technology of e-government.
CONCLUSION
The main reason for expanding the digital segment of the economy is the growth of the transactional sector, which accounts for over 70% of national GDP in developed countries. This sector includes public administration, consulting and information services, finance, wholesale and retail, as well as various utilities, personnel and social services. The data will be converted and, accordingly, there will be greater data traffic within the national economy.
For this reason, digital economy information technology services have the highest penetration rate and are most effective in markets with a high number of participants.
First, the e-segment accounts for 10% of GDP, employment exceeds 4%, and these indicators have a clear growth trend. Internet-dependent networks (transportation, trade, logistics, etc.). Technologically, the digital economy is defined by four trends: mobile technology, business model, cloud technology and social media. This means that they can use their full potential to form a national segment. At the same time, it is necessary to create a favorable business environment for effective attraction of investments in the national digital economy and to receive dividends from it, to develop a significant human capital, and to manage the process.
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