CC BY
11
Tajieva Z.N. professor
National University of Uzbekistan Sherkholov O.I. independent researcher Samarkand State University
LOCATION OF SETTLEMENTS IN THE NAVOI REGION IN HIGH-
ALTITUDE AREAS
Abstract: This article discusses the location of settlements in the Navoi region by high-altitude area earth.google.com calculated using a special electronic program and hypsometric maps. Depending on the increase in the height of the settlements of the population, its specialization in the economy is highlighted. The districts of Navoi region are divided into small groups depending on their height. In the region, an increase in population was determined depending on the increase in altitude. The difference between Mingbulak ovuli, which is located at the very bottom within the population settlements, and the anchor resource city, which is located at the highest point, is defined as more than 1300 meters. It was revealed that the area of the areas where the population settlements are located below is large, on the contrary, as it rises, its area becomes smaller.
Key words: population, city, town, village, small village, regionalization by height, electronic programs, specialization.
Introduction.In the economic-geographical study of settlements, the study of them in different altitude regions (hypsometric conditions) is also of great scientific and practical importance.Since the territory of the Navoi region is uneven, settlements are located at different heights.It is known that with an increase in altitude, the temperature and air pressure decrease, the amount of precipitation increases, and the species and number of plants increase.Its study is more important because these natural factors differently influenced the economy, specialization, the number and density of the population of the regions, the distribution of the population, the appearance and health of people.
Main part.The regions of the republic are divided by scientists in different areas and industries. It was in the division and zoning of regions according to the terrain that G.Z. Zokirov, T. Djumaev, A. Soliev, M. Nazarov, Z.N. Tajiyeva, L.Z. Ibragimov and other scientists conducted important research.
In particular, academician K.Z. Zokirov, as a result of many years of studying the plants of the Zerafshan valley, proposed dividing the valley into 4 regions - desert, hilly, mountain, pasture, and A. Sagatov thoroughly studied the natural and geographical conditions of the republic and divided it into "plai n and
foothill oases", divided into three large areas, such as "deserts", "high foothill and mountainous regions" [2,122-p].Mountain scientist T. Djumaev notes that 10 percent of the total population lives in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan, that is, above 600 meters above sea level.According to the author, the highest rural settlements are located between 2500 and 2700 m [1, p. 34]. Since the highest point on the territory of the Navoi region does not reach 2000 meters, there are no suitable settlements.
As mentioned above, Z.N. Tajiyeva divided the country's territory into purely mountainous regions, typical desert regions, and mixed (mountain-plain, oasis, valley) regions [6, p. 60].A. Soliev and M. Nazarov classified about 30 rural areas of the republic as mountainous using the "mountainous coefficient" [5, p.72].In this study, it was also noted that the Nurata region is also a mountainous region.L.Z. Ibragimov divided the regions of South-Western Uzbekistan according to the height above sea level as follows: desert-steppe (up to 400 m); Foothills (up to 400-1000 meters); Mountainous regions (above 1000 m) [2, 123-p].In our study, on this basis, we studied the distribution of population settlements in the region, taking into account the fact that it corresponds to the zoning defined by L. Ibragimov.
The relief of the Navoi region is uneven and decreases from the east and southeast to the north, northwest and southwest. Depending on the relief, settlements are located at different heights.Most of the territory of the province corresponds to the desert-steppe region, that is, heights up to 400 meters.To increase the efficiency of the study, using special electronic programs and maps, the height above sea level of each settlement in the districts of the region was studied, and the settlements were divided into smaller groups in accordance with their height.
In particular, the land surface of populated areas is not always flat, the highest and lowest places can differ from each other by 10-20, sometimes by 2040 meters, or even more. This situation is observed especially in mountainous regions.Therefore, the average height of settlements was used as the basis for determining the height of settlements.
Table1
Division of districts of Navoi region into small groups by high-altitude areas ___(2022) __
№ Districts Small Districts Number of Totalarea Population Density
groups districts (thousan (thousand) (1km2)
d km2)
1 (upto 0-300 Uchkuduk, 2 89,1 53,8 0,6
meters) Tomdy 25,0 80,7 6,8
Desert(upto (upto 200- Konimekh, 2 11.4 193,3 16,9
400 meters) 300 meters) Kiziltepa 25,0 10,4 24,5
(upto 330- Navbakhor, 2 2,5 249,0 99,6
400 meters) Karmana 25,0 2,3 31,6
2 Foothills (upto 4001000 meters) Nurota, Khatirchi 2 25,0 7,4 6,7 292,5 37,1 39,5
3 Mountainou s areas (1000 meters and above)
Total 8 100 110,4 100 788,7 100 7,1
The table was compiled by the author based on data from the sites https://earth.google.com/web, https://ru-ru.topographic-map.com and the statistics department of the Navoi region
The districts of the region differ from each other in that the settlements are located at different heights. Information about the cities of Navoi, Zarafshan, Gazgon region is not included in the information given in the table. Due to the fact that data are given only for districts, there are changes in the data on the area and population of the region.
Due to the fact that the main part of the territory of Tomdy and Uchkuduk districts are lowlands up to 200 meters high and plains up to 300 meters high, most of the settlements are located at altitudes up to 300 meters. Namely, the city of Tomdibulok and the villages of Adjirikti, Kinir, Ayokkuduk, Aldabergen, Shimbay, Gulumbet, Keriz of the Tomdy district are located within 250-300 meters, and in the villages of Beshbulok, Nurmakhon, Suketti, Zhirik, Aktakir, Zhingildi, the population mainly lives on low altitudes up to 200 meters.
Only some settlements, located on the slopes of low mountains in the center of the Kyzylkum, can exceed 300 meters. An example of this is the strategically important city of Muruntov, subordinate to the city of Zarafshan, located at the foot of Tomditov, and its height is about 600 meters, and the village of Ogiztau of the same region is located at an altitude of 300 meters, and the village of Rokhat is located at an altitude of 400 meters.
Most of the settlements of the Uchkuduk region are located at an altitude of up to 200 meters above sea level. For example, the city of Uchkuduk has a height of 198 meters, and the city of Shalkhar - 150-160 meters, and the height of the villages of Mingbulok and Buzaibai is less than 100 meters. In this area, as well as in the Tomdi area, some settlements located on the slopes of the mountains are located at an altitude of 300 and even 400 meters.For example, the villages of Kulkuduk and Kakpatas are above 300 meters, and the village of Juzkuduk is located above 400 meters above sea level. Settlements in these areas are extremely scattered and consist of small villages and auls with a small population.
Due to the low productivity of pastures, pastoralists in the main period of the year lead a nomadic lifestyle and only briefly come to their permanent place of residence to feed their livestock with fodder prepared for the winter.Some
men living in the villages spend their lives raising livestock and women spend their lives preparing various items and foodstuffs from livestock products.At the same time, it should be noted that, according to the function of the urban population, the settlements of these areas are considered as resource cities, and the settlements of the rural population are considered as villages specializing in extensive animal husbandry.
Most of the settlements of the Konimekh and Kiziltepa regions are located at an altitude of 200-300 meters. It should be noted here that some settlements may not reach this height or be higher.For example, the cities of Konimekh and Zafarabad of the Konimekh region are located at an altitude of 300 meters, while the height of the villages of Aksoy, Karakata, Nurbulok, Shengeldi is less than 150 meters, and the village of Urazzhan is about 400 meters.A similar situation is observed in some settlements of the Kyzyltepa region. Most settlements are located along roads and in irrigated areas.Most of the settlements of the Konimekhsky district correspond to the specialization of the settlements of the Uchkuduk and Tomdi districts. Irrigated agriculture is of great importance in the Kiziltepa region. 18.7% of the region's population lives in these areas.
The territory of Navbakhor and Karmana regions is higher than the above-mentioned regions, and most of the settlements in them are located within 300400 meters in height.Most of the settlements are located in irrigated areas, around transport routes, and they are located densely. More than 24 percent of the region's population lives in these areas.The high area of the region corresponds to the territory of Khatirchi and Nurata districts. Most of the settlements in these areas are located at altitudes of 400-1000 meters. Some settlements are located at an altitude of more than 1000 meters.An example of this is the city of Langar, Khatirchi district, whose height is about 1400 meters. This resource city is the highest settlement in the region. The city is home to 1.6% of the borough's population (2022).
Most of the settlements of the Khatirchi and Nurata regions are located on the slopes of the Aktov and Karatov mountains and in the valleys between them. The presence of streams and springs originating from the mountains had a great influence on the formation of settlements, and the villages located on their banks have an elongated, ribbon-like appearance. The houses of the inhabitants are terraced.Of great importance in the resettlement of the population is the fact that the settlements in these areas are located at different heights.Because the surroundings of streams and springs are important for the development of small-scale irrigated agriculture and partially satisfy the daily needs of the population for vegetables and legumes, and the hillsides are important for rainfed agriculture.The higher parts of the mountains are used as pastures for livestock. People have been taking advantage of these opportunities since time immemorial.Therefore, viticulture and horticulture are well developed on the slopes and hills of these areas where there is water. Crops such as peas, wheat,
barley and sorghum are grown in drylands. Of course, the yield of these crops depends on the amount of rainfall.
H. Oblokulov, who studied the region from the point of view of the way of life of the people, mainly with rainfed agriculture, noted that residents of the villages of Kattasoy, Maydonsoy, Uchkara, Chagirkol of the Khatirchi district and Popanay, Soykechar, Kodok, Kokcha, Rovot, Modivot, Suvlik, Ajrim, Chashma, Soldbulok, Sob, Sentob and Katta-Esh of the Nurata district (Oblokulov, 2021. 63-p).However, rainfed agriculture is practiced by residents of all districts of the region, except for the districts of Uchkuduk and Tomdy.
Conclusion.The population of the Navoi region increases depending on the height of the districts. Thus, 37.1% of the population of the regional districts falls on Nurata and Khatirchi districts, located at an altitude of 400-1000 m above sea level.With the help of electronic programs and hypsometric maps, the height above sea level of all settlements of the Navoi region was measured.The settlements of the population were divided into small groups according to height. At the same time, it has been established that the settlements specialize in different farms depending on the height.
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