CC BY
5
UDC: 911.3
Oblakulov Kh.A. researcher
deportable of economic and social geography Navoiy State Pedagogical Institute
Buranov Y.R. researcher
deportable of economic and social geography Navoiy State Pedagogical Institute
DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION OF NAVOI REGION
Annotation: this article analyzes the features of the formation of the population in the Navoi region, the factors affecting it. Economic-social and demographic development of cities and rural districts is shown. The article also covers the issues ofnatural growth of the population of the region, the ratio of urban and rural areas in the number of permanent population.
Keywords: demographic situation, urban, rural, population composition, labor resources, demographic policy, natural population growth, urbanization rate.
Introduction. Today, Navoi region is one of the most complex regions of the Republic in terms of its demographic situation. As a result of this, there are many economic and social problems in the region. True, a lot of work is being done in order to eliminate these problems. In particular, new jobs are created in industry, agriculture and other sectors, while the demand for labor resources is partially met. However, as a result of insufficient attention to this pressing problem in some districts, the socio-economic situation is becoming more complicated.
It is known that socio-economic problems in the region in many ways are one of the pressing issues of the present day in the natural growth, composition, territorial location and rational and effective use of labor resources.
Methodology and level of study. In the course of the research, a systematic approach, comparative and comparative analysis, statistics and other methods were used on the features of demographic situation formation in Navoi region. It should be said that a lot of research has been carried out on demographic processes abroad and in our republic. In Particular, Ata-Mirzaev A.B., Abdurahmanav Q.H., Burieva M.R, Tojieva Z.N.Y. and others investigated the formation of demography as a science, the sources of the study of demographic processes, the demographic nature of birth, death, marriage and divorce, the number and quality characteristics of the population, the legislation of reproduction, sex, age, marriage and family composition, socio-economic status, Population migration, demographic forecasting. Also, the subjects of geography and demographic Sciences of the population, their functions, history of formation as a science, number and reproduction of the population, composition, basic demographic processes, urban
and rural population and global problems related to the demographic situation of the world are highlighted [4].
Analysis and results. An increase or decrease in the population at a very high rate leads to a sharp change in the demographic situation. The formation of the demographic situation is an important factor in the social, age, sexual and family composition of the population [1].
In the process of modernization of the economy of Navoiy region, demographic factors are given special importance in the implementation of socioeconomic policy.
The size of the area of the land area and at the same time the inconvenience of its natural conditions affect the population and its density. Therefore, the population in the region is very sparse. In particular, if the population density was 6.6 people in 1995, this figure was 7.3 people in 2005, in 2015 it was 8.2 people in 2021, this figure was 9.1 people (compared to 1995 it increased to 2.5 people). Currently, 4 out of 11 administrative territorial divisions of Navoi region, including the city of Navoi, are among the densely populated areas, although they occupy only 6 percent of the territory of the region, while the non-densely populated 5 districts occupy 94 percent of the territory of the region. According to the state of January 1, 2021, 1 as the most densely populated areas in the region kv.km the number of population corresponding to Khatirchi (142,1 people), Karmana (134,9 people), districts and Navoi city (2940 people) [5].
Today, the population of the region is more than 2.9 percent of the population of the Republic. Chunanchi, in 1995-2020 years, the number of the population of the region increased significantly. However, in the following years, it is noticeable that the natural growth rates of the population of the region are decreasing. In the Navoi region, the period when the population reached the lowest level of natural increase was recorded in 2000, which amounted to 14.2 people per thousand inhabitants. This figure reached 18,4 people by 2019 year (Picture -1).
Natural population growth
Picture 1. Natural population growth in Navoi region (every 1000 people)
In the region at the moment, the number of births increases significantly. Bunda youth health is high and there are problems with their employment. Such an
increase in the population will be useful in solving such problems as creating new jobs in the region, attracting young people to the actual socio-economic spheres of the region.
At present, a specific demographic situation has arisen in the region, which is manifested by an increase in the population, an increase in the age structure of the population, an increase in the proportion of people under the age of Labor and the elderly, a decrease in the number of people under the age of Labor.
During 2000-2019, the number of permanent population in the region increased by 201,2 thousand people or by 16,8 percent. When analyzing the picture of the growth of the existing urban and rural population of the region, it is observed that in most cases it is higher than the urban population. Analysisillarni implementation in the cross-section of urban and rural population showed that it is not a norm. In particular, now the share of the population of the city in the total population decreased from 40,4 to 48.8 percent, while the rural population from 59.6 to 51.2 percent (Picture -2).
2019 y. 2015 y. 2010 y. 2005 y. 2000 y. ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ City state Village
48.7 51.3
49.1 | 50.9
49.4 50.6
39.7 60.3
40.4 59.6 0
1 1 1 1
20 40 60 80 1(
Picture 2. The proportion of urban and rural areas in the Navoi region in the number of permanent population (per cent)
It should be noted that the number of rural residents in the region indicates a regular decrease in their share over the years compared to the total population.
Today, among other regions of Uzbekistan, the urbanization rate of the population is constantly growing in the region. The decrease in the number of rural residents is explained by the fact that 39 rural punkts were given the status of a town in the region according to the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 13 March 2009 № 68 "on measures to improve the administrative-territorial structure of population punkts of the Republic of Uzbekistan". Therefore, in all districts except Uchkuduk, rural areas are given the status of a settlement.
In particular, the rural population punk, which has become the most urban in the rural districts of the region, accounts for the contribution of Kiziltepa (12 units) and Xatirçi (10 units) districts. At the same time, there were 5 settlements in
Navahor, 4 in each of the Nurota and Karmana districts. Also in the development of the economy in the region, the city's role in relation to the increase in the level of urbanization is important. The development of industry in cities, their political and cultural functions, the deepening of the territorial division of Labor are the characteristics of this process.
Today, 51,2 percent of the population of the region lives in cities. The urbanistic status of the region stands higher than the average of the Republic. But the population in all regions of the region is not evenly located.
If we pay attention to the distribution of the population of the region by Regions, the maximum number of the population corresponds to the District of Khatirchi 20 percent, to the cities of Navoi and Zarafshan 22.5 percent. To the steppe (Uchkuduk, Tomdi, Konimex) districts-8.4 percent, to the Kyzyltepa district- 15.3 percent, and to the districts of Karmana, Navahor, Nurota-33.8 percent of the population's contribution [3].
Changes in the population of the region are directly related to its age composition. That is, the share of youth under the age of 30 in the population in the state of January 1, 2019 - 34.9 per cent, the share of children under the age of 16 -22.7 per cent, the share of children under the age of 16-29 - 19.5 per cent. Also, the analysis of statistical data shows that the absolute number of the population aged 015 has increased in recent years. For 2010-2016, the population of the region was 8.9 per cent in 2010 and 11.1 per cent in 2016 (Picture 3).
120 100 80
8'9 9-2 9.8 102 10.6 11.1 10.7 13.2
60 40
61
61.1 61.6 61.2 61.3 60.7 60.1 60 57.5
20 0
30.1 29.7 28.9 28.6 28.5 28.7 28.8 29.3 29.3
2010 h. 2011 H. 2012 H. 2013 H. 2014 H. 2015 H. 2016 H. 2017 2018
■ Labor younger than age ■ Working ages ■ Adults from Labor age
Picture 3. Distribution of population by age composition in the region (in percent)
This situation is explained by a slight increase in the birth rate in the region. Of particular importance is the health of the population group of the working age (16-60) in the structure of the population. Because this group constitutes the main production Force and serves as a factor of economic development. The formation
of the working-age population group is mainly due to the features of repeated reproduction of the population [1].
The average age of the population of the region at the present time is 29,3 years, including women 29,7 years, men 28,9 years. According to the international demographic classification, it allows to include young regions in Uzbekistan (Picture 4).
30
29
28
27
26
29.7
28.9
29.1
29.3 29.3
28.6 28.
.9 293
28.9
28.4 28.5 28.5
27.8
28
Men ■ Singles
- Total population
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Picture 4. The average age of the population in the region (thousand people)
If we assess the level of aging of the population of the region, then 60 years of age and older in the region account for 7,2% of the population, and the population of the region is considered Young from a demographic point of view. According to the classification of foreign demographics, the age of 65 and above is 3.5 percent of the population of the region, which corresponds to the demographic classification of the aging population [5].
The analysis of demographic processes taking place in the region shows that the incidence of children in the age group of the population decreases, and the incidence of Labor and old age increases slightly. According to data, in 2000-2016, in relatively sluggish aging regions of the population of the region, the aging status of the population is also increasing. This, in turn, indicates the development of the aging rate of the population, even in all regions of the region, in the near future.
At present, the decline in the birth rate has also been clarified by many factors, which are based on the fact that in many regions its rate remains relatively high. First of all, the degree of birth, especially its stratification, is explained by the interdependence of economic, social, religious, spiritual and other factors. In the years of independence, the birth rate of the region has decreased. The reduction in the birth rate in the region is influenced by the increase in the age of marriage of young men and girls, divorce, migration and other socio-economic processes. For these reasons, the province decreased from 27,1 promille in 1995 to 22,3 promille in 2018.
Indeed, the life expectancy of the population in the region has been increasing in recent years. This is an effective result of the socio-demographic work carried out in the region. Life expectancy at the beginning of independence was 68,3 years, while in 2018 year this indicator was 75,8 years, this indicator has a regular growth trend over the years. (Picture 5). And this is the top of the trust for the elderly in the region.
76 74 72 70 68 66 64
1995 y. 2000 y. 2005 y. 2010 y. 2015 y. 2016 y. 2017 y. 2018 y.
75.8
74.3
73
71.4
70.3
68.3
73.9
74.1
Picture 5. Expected life expectancy at birth in the region
The growth of the expected life expectancy in the region is the main criterion for determining the level of development of social systems. In particular, as a result of the attention paid to the sphere of social policy in the region, the life expectancy of the population is increasing.
In general, based on the analysis of the demographic situation in the Navoi region, one can conclude that the population in the region is growing mainly on the account of natural increase. Especially in rural districts, the growth of the population remains high. This means that the socio-demographic development of rural districts necessitates the further development of the state of social infrastructure in the localities, especially in the areas of education, health care, household services.
References:
1. Abdurakhmonov K., Abduramanov K.H. - Demographics. (training manual) - T.: "NOSHIR", 2011.
2. Abdurahmonov Q.H. and others. Demography. The textbook. - T.: "Economy", 2014.
3. Burieva M.R, Tojieva Z.T. Geography of population (training manual) -Tashkent.-2000 y.
4. Information statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
5. Information Chief Directorate of statistics of Navoi region.
