CC BY
22
Section 2. Geography
Mukhammedova Nazokat Jurayevna, Scientific researcher, Department of Geography National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek,
Tashkent city, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF POPULATION MORTALITY IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: The article analyzes the dynamics of population mortality rates during Uzbekistan's independence. The mortality rates and the mortality rates for some reasons were analyzed nationally. Keywords: death, maternal death, infant death, tanatogeographic ovens, and nozoecology.
It is well known that the regions of the republic have certain differences with regard to socioeconomic development, demographic situation and ecological situation. In particular, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Khorezm region, due to the ecological situation, due to the drying up of the Aral Sea, there is a sharp deterioration of the nozoecological condition. The occurrence of a dangerous environment for the population to have a negative impact on the population's death, high levels of desertification, and changes in the structure of soil, have accelerated the mortality. In the region, the balance of nature has changed dramatically. Also, it is possible to observe the ecological situation in big cities and industrial centers (Chirchik, Angren, Navoi and others). A lack of access to clean drinking water and similar inconveniences in residential areas also leads to a significant increase in mortality [1].
In recent years, Uzbekistan has shown a statistically significant analysis of mortality. In particular, the death rate in the republic in 1991 decreased by 0.8 pro mil.
One of the achievements of the country's socio-demographic development during the years of independence is the reduction in mortality in all age groups. During this period, the country's healthcare system was improved, and the attention to maternal and child health was enhanced. Also, the proportion ofyoung people and middle age and the decline in the population have led to
a reduction in the number of children under one year of age, maternal mortality and general mortality. In the short-term period (1991-2016), the overall death rate in the country decreased by 1.2 percent, or by 6.2 promille per thousand people to 4.9 pro mil.
The overall mortality rate in the country is lower than in some CIS countries. For example, Russia has 13.0%, Ukraine 13.9%, Baltic States (Latvia-14.4, Lithuania -14.4 and Estonia -11.6), which is a few times higher than the general mortality rate in Uzbekistan possible [2].
In the assessment of the socio-economic situation of the country, the overall mortality rate does not precisely define, but the infant mortality rate, specifically the age group, clearly affirms its level. High or low mortality rates include the populism and sexuality of the population. When analyzing the mortality rates in Uzbekistan, rural mortality rates were smaller than in urban areas. In Uzbekistan, the mortality rate among the working age population is 8, the mortality rate is 28.5 and the working age is 63.5 percent, and the infant mortality rate is partially observed. State programs are being developed to prevent this and reduce infant mortality. It is observed that the proportion of young people in all ages is declining, except for age-related deaths. An increase in the number of deaths in adults and elderly people should be related to their age-related illnesses.
The socio-demographic development of the population of Uzbekistan has been reflected in the healthcare system and its qualitative improvement has been reflected in the prolongation of childbirth, infant mortality, child and maternal health. Because in many years the population of the country under one year of age and maternal mortality has undergone considerable influence due to endogenous and exogenous factors.
Dynamics of population mortality in the regions of the republic has been observed to decline during the years of independence (Table 1). Socio-economic reforms carried out in our country resulted in a decrease in the population's mortality rate, an increase in the medical culture of the population, and the growth of women's employment. The highest mortality rates in Tashkent,
Tashkent and Andijan provinces have been observed in recent years. The mortality rate in these regions is higher than the national average due to the fact that most of the medical facilities are located in the center, in Tashkent, on the transport node and the industrial zone around it. The situation in the Tashkent region has a significant impact on the overall mortality rate and is relatively high in other regions, where the proximity of settlements around the industrial enterprises, the diversity of national ethnicity, the low birth rate, and the age-related age distribution of the population. Andijan Region is the most populous region where population deficit decreases, and the main source of labor - the majority of able-bodied population lives in other provinces and republics, and the aging population has a significant increase in mortality.
Table 1.- Territorial coefficient of mortality rate in the Republic of Uzbekistan
1991-2015
Regions 1991* 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 average increase in years
the Republic of Uzbekistan 6.2 6.4 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.9 0.65
Republic of Karakalpakstan 6.8 6.5 5.6 5.8 4.6 4.6 0.10
Andijan 6.1 6.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.20
Bukhara 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 0.75
Jizzakh 5.3 5.7 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 1.00
Navoi - 6.3 5.3 5.3 4.5 4.5 0.50*
Namangan 5.9 6.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.7 1.10
Samarkand 6.0 6.2 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.5 0.70
Surkhandarya 5.6 5.7 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.1 1.20
Syrdarya 6.4 5.8 5.4 5.5 4.8 4.8 0.25
Tashkent 6.6 7.2 6.4 6.8 5.9 5.9 0.45
Fergana 6.4 6.2 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 0.70
Khorezm 5.9 6.0 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.5 0.90
Kashkadarya 5.3 5.1 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 1.20
City of Tashkent 8.1 9.2 8.5 8.6 6.9 6.9 0.00
* In the Navoi region unreduced 0.50-year the average annual population mortality rate in the Navoi region was estimated as 1992. The data is based on the data from the Statistics Department of the Republic of Uzbekistan
According to the data of the table, the regions with the lowest mortality rate are Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya and Jizzakh regions. These zones are characterized by the good nature of the ancient ecological situation and the positive impact on human life. In this area, where the mortality rate is low, population is mainly engaged in agriculture and livestock production. The industrial sector is relatively poor. The traditions and customs of the
Uzbek people have been preserved and the birth of many children is higher than some industrialized and densely populated areas, largely due to the fact that most of the working age population is migrating to large cities.
Mortality rates in Uzbekistan by age and sex show that death rates in males are higher in all age groups. Only 85 years of age and over, the coefficient of mortality is high and should be explained by the relatively small
number of males in these age groups. Additionally, the try is still unchanged at the highest age groups, with the proportion of males in the age and sex age of the coun- proportion of men aged 35 years old.
The age-related death rate in Uzbekistan is reflected in the picture above and can be seen in the 0-4 age group. This can be seen mainly in the death of infants, ie deaths of up to one year. The mortality rate in the younger age groups has been expanding rapidly. When learning about this pyramid, the death toll from the age of60-64 is 6569 years. If we analyze this situation, it will be the first five years of the holiday. It is also an organism's aging process, as well as the effects of occupational diseases on the body. The low mortality rate among males in terms of mortality is due to the employment of men in such heavy and dangerous labor conditions.
The geographical location of Turkey differs greatly from the second region according to its natural conditions and climatic characteristics. The location of the population in the mountains, valleys and deserts and chaliyol zones will change dramatically over their death, and the causes of the disease are different.
Figure 1. Age-related mortality rates in Uzbekistan
According to the (Table 2), mortality from circulatory diseases is high in Tashkent city, Tashkent and Andij an regions, where population density is high and urbanization is high. The opposite is observed in Kashkadarya region, the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Jizzakh region. High mortality rates with dangerous tumor diseases are observed in Tashkent, Tashkent region and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. These territories are industrial and transport-dependent in comparison with other regions, with a population of 100000 to 88.3; 58.4; 50.0; part with dangerous tumours. The diseases of the digestive organs are also one of the region-specific disease groups, directly linked to water, soil and atmosphere, and the tanotogeographic area of the digestive organs is Tashkent, Ferghana and Navoi. As can be seen from this, the influence of soil composition, underground and surface water, and the impact of industrial enterprises on these areas, especially the chemical industry, is noticeable.
population for some reasons in 2015
Table 2.- Indicators of Uzbekistan's
Regions Death for some reasons (Relative to 100,000 population)
From the diseases of the circulatory system Tumors From the digestive organs Accidents, poisoning and injuries
1 2 3 4 5
the Republic of Uzbekistan 287.4 42.7 28.8 32.5
Republic of Karakalpakstan 224.5 50.0 18.3 39.2
1 2 3 4 5
Andijan 327.5 42.7 28.7 26.8
Bukhara 253.9 44.0 25.5 30.9
Jizzakh 227.3 41.0 29.7 39.3
Navoi 266.3 37.7 31.8 36.7
Namangan 271.0 38.5 30.1 28.0
Samarkand 264.9 29.6 26.6 25.7
Surkhandarya 258.2 27.6 26.2 24.9
Syrdarya 284.0 44.4 30.6 38.2
Tashkent 342.3 58.4 31.0 56.0
Fergana 319.8 37.0 33.9 35.7
Khorezm 264.2 44.7 26.2 28.1
Kashkadarya 209.4 29.4 29.1 24.5
City of Tashkent 415.3 88.3 38.0 36.7
The table is calculated based on the data from the Statistics Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Although the overall mortality rate does not reflect the specific levels, the age-related structure of the regional differences, and the mortality rates for the reasons, have revealed the nature of the regions. The difference in the mortality rate in Uzbekistan is directly related to the geographical environment in the regions and requires studying the geographical characteristics of each region.
In general, the impact of natural, ecological, socioeconomic and demographic factors on the demise of the population has been explained. In particular, natural and ecological factors such as climate change, drinking water and soil composition are the result of short-lived life expectancy of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as relatively early biological mortality caused
by digestive tract diseases (Karakalpakstan, Khorezm region). Economic and Social Factors: The relative increase in mortality rates in populated and urban areas, including Tashkent city, Tashkent and Andijan regions, is due to the combination of industrial enterprises, the density of traffic congestion in the atmosphere exceeds the normal requirements for the most vulnerable population, as well as a substantial increase in maternal and infant mortality rates. This means that the improvement of the population's settlement system and prevention of premature death of the population, the need to develop measures to improve the natural and socio-economic condition of the regions to extend the life expectancy of the population.
References:
1. Komilova N. K. Theoretical-practical issues of the geography of medicine. - Tashkent: "Sharq",- 2016. - 263 p. (in Uzbek).
2. Tojiyeva Z. N. Population of Uzbekistan: Growth and location. - Tashkent: "Fan va texnologiya",- 2010.- 276 p. (in Uzbek).
3. Demographic Yearbook of Uzbekistan,- 2016.- T.- P. 107. (in Uzbek).
