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Komilova Nilufar, Ds., associated professor, Department of Geography National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Jabborov Bakhrom, lecturer, of the Department of Ecology National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
E-mail: [email protected]
ECOLOGICAL SITUATION OF TASHKENT REGION AND ITS IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH
Abstract: The article analyzes the ecological state of the Tashkent region and public health. Analysis of regional indicators related to death and morbidity of the population.
Keywords: urbenology, nozogeographic situation, valley, medical geographical region, level of artificiality, transport node, agglomeration, "resource" cities, infant mortality.
The administrative region includes Tashkent and the Tashkent region. According to the population of 01.01.2017, there were 5,253.4 thousand people. Total disease rate of the population is 15,1727.5 people per 100,000 people. Overall mortality is 6.35 per 1000 population; maternal mortality rate is 26.6 per 100,000 live births; infant mortality is 14.4 per 1,000 live births per 1,000 live births.
The area is geographically called Chirchik-Akhangaran valley. The valley is located in the north-eastern part of our country. The Tashkent region will be in the north-east to the south-west, to the Syr Darya River. The highest peaks of the country are in the north-east, the south-western part consists of plains. The climate of the region is mainly influenced by its geographical location, air masses, and the structure of the earth. The south-western plains of the country are more slippery, and the north-eastern part is nullified. Summer, especially in the plains, is warm and long, almost summer. Average monthly air temperature ofJuly 200S, maximum air temperature up to 440S. Winter is not as rigid. The average
air temperature in January is -10S in the plane and -6-80S in the mountainous part.
The amount of precipitation in this area is indirectly distributed. Annual precipitation is 359 mm in Tashkent, 800 mm in north-eastern part of Pisek valley. to the In July, August and September, the country will be quite dry, with no precipitation. In Chirchik-Akhangaran Valley and its surrounding mountains, garmsel winds blow in mountains, valleys, flies, plains. In the mountainous part of the area there are many beautiful and therapeutic sites, such as Chimyon, Xumson, Oqtosh, Nanay. Its largest river is Syr Darya, and the part of the river passes through this territory to 125 km. is composed of There are also some major rivers in the country, such as Chirchik, Ahangaran, Piskom, Chatkal, which create a unique hydrographic system in the region. The city of Tashkent and the Tashkent region, located here, are distinctively different in population and density. This, in turn, has a significant impact on the geographical situation of the region.
Table 1. - Maternal mortality in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Regions 1992 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Republic of Uzbekistan 51.0 32.2 33.1 29.2 21.0 18.9 17.4
Republic of Karakalpakstan 98.6 50.5 38.8 15.4 26.4 29.0 25.4
Andijan 42.3 32.0 20.2 21.0 18.3 12.9 10.2
Bukhara 47.8 27.3 49.0 29.9 23.1 7.6 7.8
Jizzakh 69.2 30.0 29.4 24.8 27.0 25.1 28.4
Kashkadarya 51.1 28.3 39.9 24.4 14.1 15.3 10.3
Navoi 52.1 25.2 91.6 49.3 27.2 24.7 24.0
Namangan 32.4 18.9 27.0 30.7 21.7 8.1 9.7
Samarkand 35.8 38.4 26.4 17.4 16.0 21.4 18.1
Surkhandarya 67.3 39.8 24.6 23.9 13.7 18.6 22.4
Syrdarya 50.6 29.7 21.0 34.8 12.3 5.6 11.3
Section 4. Geography
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tashkent 31.0 46.9 27.5 43.2 32.8 44.3 35.0
Fergana 38.6 11.7 22.5 31.7 17.0 12.6 14.0
Khorezm 44.3 25.4 24.9 41.5 30.6 15.2 17.9
Tashkent city 94.7 55.6 63.9 44.6 25.4 25.7 18.2
Source: Based on the data of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
The region's economy is industrial-agrarian. In particular, the Angren-Almalyk industrial zone has many mineral resources. At the same time, this industry is fundamentally different from other countries in terms of its ecological situation. The wide spread of diseases among the population of the region can be explained by the fact that there are some ecologically disturbances similar to Angren-Almalyk in the region. The large number of industrial enterprises relative to other regions, the population and population density have a specific impact on the geographical location of the country.
In recent years, the city of Tashkent has slightly increased its air content, especially ozone, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. These circumstances have a negative impact on the health of the population of the city and the capital agglomeration. Research has shown that maternal and infant mortality rates (such as malignant tumors, heart attacks, vascular, nervous, mental disorders, diseases of the respiratory tract disorders) in industrial centers of Tashkent city and Tashkent region (Almalyk, Chirchiq, Angren, Ahangaran etc.)) the morbidity rates are several times higher than the national level. Therefore, in the above-mentioned cities, it is necessary to radically improve the uro-ecological situation, to pay close attention to the proper territorial organization of industrial enterprises, transport and other infrastructure.
In our research, we divided the disease into conventional groups for urban and rural areas. It is in this area that more and more urban areas are affected by diseases (blood circulation, malignant tumor, nervous system, birth defects, etc.). With such diseases, the disease is most common in large populations and industrial centers of the region. Environmental pollution in Tashkent, Angren, Almalyk, Bekabad and Chirchik is particularly noticeable in the region and beyond. At the same time, this medical geographical region occupies the highest place in the overall mortality rate in our country.
In 2016, the mortality rate among the population for all causes ofmortality was 62.0% in Tashkent, 65.6% in Tashkent, and 8.0% in malignant tumors in the country, whereas in the capital it increased by 11.5% equal to The region also occupies the highest place in the country with nervous system, mental disorders, respiratory diseases. The analysis shows that in this region, due to its negative characteristics, primarily population populations, the inclusion of industrial sectors, particularly environmentally hazardous industrial enterprises (chemical,
thermal power plants, cement production, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy), has a strong impact on the formation of the nozogeographic situation. Therefore, the region occupies a leading place in the country in the number of deaths of children and women and the total mortality rate.
In 2016, the total population mortality rate was 7.7 in Almalyk, 9.5 in Yangiyul and 9.9 in Chirchik. This year, the highest infant mortality rates are in the populations of the region, including Parkent, Almalyk and Ahangaran. It is also important to note that this region is one of the worst cases in maternal mortality. In 2010, the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births in Uzbekistan was 21.4, while in some districts of the region, such as in Almalik (88.3) in Chichik (86.2) and Yangiyul (82.0) The situation is much higher than the national level. In the present study, attention was paid to the identification of some common social diseases that were common among the population in order to make a more detailed analysis of the nozogeographic situation. This region is characterized by the highest social epidemic in other regions of our republic. As it is seen from the draw, the most acute situation has occurred in 2016 in the city of Chirchik, Yangiyul, the city of Tashkent, with a population of 66.4 persons per 100,000 population of dangerous diseases. Chirchiq and Almalyk are also distinguished by the high level of mental illness. Even in Urtachirchik rural district, the morbidity rates of the population are much higher than the national level.
At present, diseases of narcological disorders in the countries of the world, including Central Asian republics, are increasing. The region is one of the oldest diseases in the world. The general illness of the population in this disease was 29.8 per 100,000 in 2016, while in Tashkent this figure was 66.8. A similar situation is reported in the city ofYangiyul. The region also occupies the first place in Uzbekistan in terms of nervous system disorders and mental disorders. It is well known that the aforementioned disease groups are most commonly found in major cities with high transport and industrial levels. It should be noted that, as noted in the previous chapters, such diseases are often referred to as current or developmental diseases. The region is one of the most prominent in the country in terms of such diseases. Thus, in the Tashkent geographical region, the Tashkent agglomeration, the Angren-Almalyk mining and metallurgical region, can be interpreted as a no-zogeographical city, such as Chirchik, Yangiyul, Angren, Yan-
giabad. These facilities can also include "resource" towns in portion of diseases among the population. Consequently, it is the capital city. important to pay close attention to the ecological status of the Thus, ecological situation in some parts of Tashkent today regions in the future. This, in turn, will prevent the deteriorais somewhat miserable. This leads to an increase in the pro- tion of the geographical situation of these regions.
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3. Kamilova N., Ravshanov A., Muhammedova N. Medical geography and global health. Training manual "Unversitet", -2018. - 211b. (in Uzbek).
