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Abdiyeva Zulkhumor Agzamovna, Free researcher, Department of Geography National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent city, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: nazoguli85@mail.ru
PROBLEMS OF IMPROVEMENT NAVOI CITY'S FUNCTIONAL MECHANISM
Abstract: In this article are widly described the functional mechanisms of Navoi city in the development of this young city as a regional and industrial center. All characteristics of geosystem and economic factors of Navoi city are explained.
Keywords: city functions; economic factors; geosystem; regional center; industrial center; free industrial economic zone; area; resources; industrialization; infrastructure.
After Uzbekistan was independent paid attention to develop all fields. On these included to invest manufacture force properly in republic, according this influence cities net and system, placing and specializing continental economy formed regional urban structure. Nowadays this structure includes supporting regions with different sizing cities' net and generally their economical geographic peculiarities.
The cities are considered to be traditional research object of economical and social geography. As they combine political, social and economical development of countries and other territories. Namely, large cities are vital. There are 18 large cities in the republic and 12 of them are regional regions[2]. Moreover, take into consideration their genetic features demographic and ecological conditions, economical social development, formation of investment atmosphere in studying cities economically and geographically that have ability to create the complex of local manufacturing and multifunctional big regions.
Following the foundation and the development of Navoi city, its people has intensively grown and a short time ago, he became one of the big cities of the Republic. The city lies in the southeastern part of Karmana district and in the western part of the Zarafshan valley. The city is surrounding by mountains and the mountain's heights change from west to east. The area is bounded in the west by Kyzyl-Kum, on the north by the mountain Koratogh and on est and south by the mountains Ziyovuddin chain. The city is located 5-6 km in height part of the Zarafshan river's left side. The place of valley differs from its subtropical position and during the day the sun rises above the horizons. Because of its position, the climate is arid and the weather always changes in this area during the day.
The proximity of the desert to the city brings to the heated air, determine the direction and strength of the wind system. General natural climatic conditions affect the socio economic development of the city of Navoi. Especially when it comes to its extremely dry, it is worth mentioning that the desert is
located in the region. It should be noted that, the basis for the established of a mining and metallurgical industrial complex, which is aimed at the development of red gold mineral wealth.
Navoi came into existence in 60's last century as typical industrial center. It's buildering in hot desert condition was taken into consideration and in 70's city was deserving International Architects award named after P. Abercrombi. Indeed, the city in the point of view architecture-city building has own place in the republic. The reason why it came into existence were the city's economical geographic location, especially, two ancient centers, located in the middle of Samarkand and Bukhara, the rich natural resources in Kyzyl-Kum desert. If in 1958 the area of Navoi was 0.55 thousand km2, in 2011 the area of the city is widened to 0.64 thousand km2. The city widens to the eastern side, there's 30 new neighborhoods in the area now. Due to the certain information, Navoi gets bigger because of its suburbs.
Demographic processes are also unique in Navoi, there's 0.8% population of the country and 30.2% of population of the region. According to development of the city, the population is growing. On the natural movement of Navoi's population has observed a progress, birth and death rate of the the population has reduced. In 1996, the birth rate in Navoi was 9.9 pro mil per 1.000 people, while in 1999 it was 10.0 pro mil per 1.000 people, and in 9.9 in 2004 it increased to 16.1 pro mil per 1.000 people in 2017. The change of the natural reproduction process in the city at these rates is related to the various economic consequences of the transition period.
The industrial ability of city is big. The following companies: Navoi Mountain Metallurgy Enterprise, Navoiazot public company, Navoi Heat Electro station, Kyzyl-Kum cement public company, Electrokimyo public company are considered to be its basis. These companies have their own places in segmentation of local label in export ability. The structure of urban industrial production is unilaterally, mainly economized heavily in industry. The raw material resources of the
PROBLEMS OF IMPROVEMENT NAVOI CITY'S FUNCTIONAL MECHANISM
desert zone, and the needs of the Zarafshan Economic Region, which does not allow the full and effective use of existing labor resources on the one hand, and secondly has a negative impact on the urogenic environment. In particular development of light industry, food industry and service, which require a great deal of women s labor in the regional center will be a good result.
The economic geographical characteristics of the cities are directly related to their functions and geographic analysis of these functions, according to N. N. Baransky, the problem of urban population growth and its location is a key to understanding the development of the modern city and other aspects of urban life [1]. The functional structure of the city also affects the internal structure of the city, in particular, the micro-geography and appearance of some parts of the city.
The function of the cities is based on the specialization of each city. Some of these functions were addressed inside the city, others outside the city. That, in turn, gives the city to look like an element between cities and allows to fix the place of functional-regional relations of each city. The city of Navoi differs from other region's centers by its function that it modes and its genetic feature. When speaking of this it would be necessary to say the importance of the period of the possession of the natural resources of Kyzyl-Kum in the history of the formation of the city. The geographical place, the climate condition and of course, the economic factors has influenced a lot on the development of the city.
Economic factors include the followings:
• Accumulation of the population and highly skilled labor resources;
• Availability of mineral and raw materials;
• Availability of water and energy resources;
• Location in crossing on the railway and the highways allow to develop the city.
Navoi city differs from the other region centers by its original function. In particular, in its initial development, in comparison with Chirchik, Almalyk, and Bekabad in the Tashkent region only by its functional character. The industrialization and the specialization of these cities correspond to the economy of Navoi city.
It is well known that Navoi is a genetically industrial city, at the same time, has the function of acting as the regional headquarters. Navoi's difference from other regional centers that the city performs two functions: industrial center and regional center, that is, the administration acts as the "capital" of the region. Formed as a industrial center, it reached to become the region center.
Recognizing the role of region centers in regional co-operation and territorial integrity of the entire republic, these cities have different functions, including non-production
function. The combination of the functions of the economic and administrative-political center is typical of the city we are studying. Therefore, the role of regional centers in organizing and managing them - their administrative "capital" function is very developed.
There are two colleges in Navoi (Pedagogy and Mining Institutes). There are seven colleges(as a highs school) (medical, mining, technical-economical, industrial-economic, culture and art). As you can see, there is a certain interconnection between the specialization, function of the city.
The main function of Navoi city is the employment of the population in these sectors, because of the organization of industrial, social and management spheres. 42.5% of people work in industry; 8.0% of people work in health care; 5.2% of people work in public education; 4.2% of people work in trade and public services; 2.6% of people work in transport and communication; 6.2% of people is busy in management sphere.
As shown, the employment structure of the urban population has been changing over the years. However, the proportion of people employed in transport and communication, as well as in the education of the population in urban areas, has slightly decreased.
The problem of employment and regulation of the population, reducing the unemployment rate is very actual in the city. Well-organization and division of labor, allow economic and social development of the region.
The process of enrichment and diversification of the regional center function is under the influence ofvarious conditions and factors. Construction of large enterprises influences the formation of the city. Center development depends on the environment that surrounds it and constitutes a whole territorial system - the geosystem.
Navoi region has large reserves of natural gas and precious metal deposits, as well as large raw materials for construction materials production. Among the companies are Navoi and Zarafshan gold mining and metallurgical complexes. Navoi-azot is the largest producer of mineral fertilizers in the country. It should be noted, The Navoi Free Industrial Economic Zone (FIEZ) with special conditions for foreign investments was created nearby Navoi International Airport[3].
It should be noted that the fact that the region's industrialization, its infrastructure and rich raw resources and the location in the center of the country was the basis for choosing Navoi as a FIEZ. Creation of favorable transport logistics created the opportunity to deliver ready products to local and foreign consumers. Also railway construction is underway in 3 directions near the airport:
- north-western direction -Uchkuduk-Nukus-Volgograd and later through Russia to Europe;
- eastern direction -Samarkand-Tashkent-Dostlik and later through China to South East Asian countries;
- southern direction - Bukhara- Turkmenistan- Bandar-Abbas and later Near East and Persian Gulf States.
Generally speaking, FIEZ based industrial complex serves to make regional products more competitive in foreign markets.
In conclusion, it should be mentioned that existing raw material potential allows to develop in the region of light industry (textile, sewing, leather, shoes), food industry, building materials industry, machine building, electrical engineering,
chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It affects the functionality of the city that is studied. As a result, the city's management function reduces its role.
The formation and development of Navoi, like any large city is also directly related to it.As well as on the basis of Navoi is a complex urbanization system the urban agglomerate. The current state of the city is largely related to the fact that it is located in the southern part of the region, due to the poor development of satellite towns and towns and the urbanization of some of the surrounding urban areas.
References:
1. Baranskiy N. N. Selected jobs. Scientific of geography.- M.:- 1980.- 239 p. (in Russian)
2. Lappo G. M. City geography. Humanitarian publication center.-M.: - 1997.- 480 p. (in Russian)
3. Soliyev A., Abdiyeva Z. Characteristics of urban development in desert regions (in the case of Navoi) International scientific and practical complex.- T.,- 2004.- 35 p. (in Uzbek).
