CC BY
7
UDC: 911.3
Oblakulov Kh.A. researcher
deportable of economic and social geography Navoiy State Pedagogical Institute
Kalonov B.H.
associate professor of geography teaching methods Navoi State Pedagogical Institute
THE IMPACT OF NATURAL CONDITIONS AND RESOURCES OF
NAVOI REGION ON THE LIFESTYLE OF THE POPULATION
Annotation: This article describes the impact of natural conditions and resources of Navoi region on the lifestyle of the population. It also looks at the state of resources that affect lifestyle and its impact on human life and health.
Key words: lifestyle, relief, water, ecology, living conditions, mineral resources, climate, soil.
Navoi region is one of the youngest regions of the republic, it was first established on April 20, 1982 for the development of the Kyzylkum desert and the use of its natural resources. Later, in 1988, Navoi region was abolished and included in Bukhara region. In the first months of independence, in 1992, Navoi region was restored within its 1982 state borders. The area of Navoi region is 110.9 thousand km2, its share in the country in terms of area is 19.8%, and its share in the population is 2.9%. The population density in the region is approaching 9.1 people per 1 sq. Km. This is the lowest rate not only in Uzbekistan but also in the CIS.
The territory of Navoi region is a region of our country with its own natural geographical features. In its territory there are deserts, small remnant mountains, low plains, swamps. The lowest point of the republic above the ocean level, the Mingbulak basin, is also located here.
The region is located in the central and northern part of the country and borders with the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Karakalpakstan in the north and northwest, Bukhara and Kashkadarya in the west, and Samarkand and Jizzakh in the south and southeast.
The territory of Navoi region slopes from south-east to north-west, and the height above the ocean level decreases in this direction from 350-400 m to 90-100 m [2]. This leads to a change in the lifestyle of the population in the region, ie the upper (south-eastern) part of the region differs from the lower (north-western) part in its climate, soil, water composition and other aspects. This is because as the altitude of a place decreases relative to sea level, the circulation of air in it, the properties of groundwater and surface water, also change in a peculiar way.
Although the region consists mainly of plains, it has its own complex geological history. Prior to the Paleozoic era, the region also belonged to the bustling geosynclinal marine basin of Central Asia. As thick sea deposits
accumulate, tectonic movements are revived. The powerful Hercynian deformation that occurred in the second half of the Paleozoic era radically changed the relatively calm tectonic situation. Adjacent to the territory of the province are the high mountains of the Tianshan system. Through tectonic faults, magma enters as well as rises and falls. The accumulation of marine and terrestrial sediments continues. By the end of the Paleozoic era and the beginning of the Mesozoic era, the mountains are collapsing. All the lands of the region become a single plain and a platform is formed [1].
Navoi region is one of the regions in the country with large industrial enterprises rich in natural resources. More than 200 mineral deposits have been identified in the region. Of these, 16 are uranium deposits, 37 are deposits of rare metals and 12 are mineral springs. Mineral resources have been mined from 78 of these identified deposits.
The largest mining enterprises in the region are located mainly in the cities of Zarafshan, Uchkuduk, as well as in Tomdi, Nurata, and Konimex districts.
The territory of Navoi region is not only the main center of pastoralism, but also a place rich in mineral resources that serve the development of the mining industry. The Uchkuduk uranium deposit, the Muruntau gold deposit, and others are clear examples of this. The location of these large deposits will have an impact on improving the living standards of the population.
The first formation and development of natural resources and catchments in the Kyzylkum Desert is inextricably linked with the formation of Paleozoic residual mountains and Mesozoic foothills and Quaternary thin deposits of the Quaternary
[3].
Currently, Navoi region ranks first in the country in terms of proven reserves of gold, uranium and phosphate deposits. Gold mining begins in the 60s and 70s in connection with the development of gold deposits in the region, such as Muruntau, Auminzo-Amantoy, Sharqiy, Dovgiztov, Aristantov.
The opening of the mines directly led to the emergence of cities. Along with water, climatic resources, transport, geographical factors, the influence of mineral resources on the formation of cities is also great. In particular, the cities of Zafarabad and Zarafshan were formed on the basis of mining industry. These areas do not have fertile soil and favorable climatic conditions for horticulture and agriculture, which are the farms of the population. Nevertheless, this is based on the presence of deposits in the formation of cities and the well-established mining industry. For example, the soil in and around the city of Zafarabad is suitable for agriculture, but there are no water resources to establish irrigated agriculture, the use of which is limited [4].
The marble deposit in Gozgan is one of the largest in the country. The industrial mining and processing of marble marble was founded in the 1930s. Unused 31.0 million cubic meters of marble and 104.1 million cubic meters of granite deposits have reserves of at least 150 years [7]. This plays an important role in the employment of the population.
At present, more than 80,000 employees work at the enterprises and departments of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine. [5]. This indicates the development of the mining industry in the region. Also, the high potential of mineral resources in the region plays an important role in improving the living standards and employment of the population.
Natural climatic conditions also affect the lifestyle of the population of the region. In particular, it should be noted that it is located in the desert region.
It is known that the influence of climatic conditions of places on lifestyle is also great. The climate of the region is affected by tropical air masses in summer and cold air masses coming from the northern temperate latitudes in winter. However, there are climatic differences between the northern and southern parts of the region. Because the northern part of the province is desert, the winters are a bit colder than the southern parts, and the summers are warmer.
One of the peculiarities of the regional climate is the change of seasons. One season differs from another in temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and other aspects. Winter is cold in the region and differs from other regions with frequent changes in weather. As a result of the inflow of cold air masses from the north and northeast to the territory of the region, the air temperature sometimes drops to -340C in winter. The arrival of each season (hot-cold) does not go unnoticed by the lifestyle of the population. For example, due to the sharp cooling of the air temperature in winter, Tomdi, Uchkuduk, Konimex and Nurata districts have a significant impact on the livestock of the population living in rural settlements. Livestock do not go out to pasture and have to hand out fodder. Also, the decrease in air temperature makes it difficult for livestock to survive and some winter work to be done in agriculture, and has a serious impact on the health of the population.
In summer, the temperature rises to 48-500 C in the deserts in the northern regions and 46-470 C in the southern regions. On such hot days, a lot of water evaporates, causing the crops grown in agriculture to shed their crops unbearably and affect the survival of living organisms. High temperatures also cause a number of inconveniences for the population working in agriculture [6].
In general, the territory of Navoi region is desert, so the temperature is cold in winter and hot in summer, which affects the lifestyle of the population. Also, the large number of large industrial enterprises in the region leads to the deterioration of the ecological situation in the region, which has a direct impact on the living conditions of the population.
References:
1. Baratov P. Natural geography of Uzbekistan 1996. 164 p
2. Hasanov I.A., Gulomov P.N. T., Natural Geography of Uzbekistan 2006.- 49 p
3. Tukhtaeva H.T. Combating desertification on the basis of rational use of local water resources (on the example of the central Kyzylkum) Dissertation of the candidate of philosophical sciences. 2018. 21 b.
4. Joniev O.T. Ecological problems of Navoi region and natural geographical processes. mag. dis. 2014].
5. Хаитова О.С., Хдсанов А.С., Хдйитов Ш.А., Бердиев О.Н. Узбекистан кон саноати: Утмиши ва бугини. Бухоро, 2015. 125 б
6. Data of Navoi Hydrometeorology Department
7. People's Word 2020. № 247.3 p
