CC BY
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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК: 911.3
Abduvaliev H.A. postgraduate student Department of Geography Ferghana State University Scientific adviser: Akhmadaliev Yu.I.
Uzbekistan, Ferghana LANDSCAPE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF NATURE
MANAGEMENT
Summary: In this article some issues of the landscape approach is analyzed in the research of consuming nature.
Key words: natural environment, population density, geographical determinism, nihilism, natural-host regions, landscape approach.
There is a direct and indirect relationship between the territorial location of the population and indicators of its environmental management. The effect of population density on the natural factor in a particular region is the result of a long history. However, in densely populated areas, one can observe the high economic potential of the basic benefits of nature. The high economic potential of land and water resources is observed in areas with high agricultural impact, which is the main type of production in settlements. For example, in the Ferghana Valley, population density is high in all areas with the highest agrarian potential of the region (soil bonitet points, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions).
The aim of the work was to analyze the criteria of the landscape approach used in studying the traditions of the use of nature by the population. The main objective of the study is to evaluate indicators characterizing the criteria for a landscape approach to the use of natural resources. In this study, it is advisable to take into account the population's approach to the landscape approach to the analysis of demographic indicators of the relationship between nature management (agriculture, mining) and landscape.
Although the diversity of land in the human environment is primarily due to natural and geographical features, dramatic changes are due to natural and socioeconomic factors. A variety of natural attributes is considered the main factor, and the most important factor is the assimilation of man. As a result of the development of the natural-geographical environment, society replenishes the environment with alien elements: population, roads, agricultural land, etc., which leads to an increase in the natural landscape and pressure on it. Although the environment has almost completely changed, the influence of society on it is increasing every year.
Decision-making in the field of regional planning and environmental management is often followed only by administrative boundaries, through which social and economic factors were formed, and the natural (landscape) features of the region are neglected. Regional agricultural development plans and landscape prerequisites (soil fertility, moisture, drought likelihood, etc.) are often ignored to
produce indicators (productivity, gross output, etc.) only as indicators of local government performance. As a result, landscape changes are faster than normal.
The need to search for growth points in sectors of the economy that are currently not related to mining and processing of mineral resources, including the production of organic agricultural products and tourist and recreational activities, gives additional importance to landscape studies.
An assessment of the human impact on the environment will inevitably entail consideration of population issues and the location of farms (enterprises, infrastructure, agricultural land, etc.). The use of nature is closely related to population density and the characteristics of production activities. Therefore, when studying the use of natural resources, it is important to take into account the demographic characteristics of the region and the level of industrialization of the region.
Much has been said about the role of natural conditions in the territorial structure and their impact on humans. As a result, two conflicting opinions arose about the regional location and nature management. That is, geographical determinism (fatalism) and geographical indeterminism (nihilism). The first concept is based on the role of natural conditions and resources in society, and the second, on the contrary, completely ignores the role of nature and puts social factors at the main level.
N.N. Baransky claims that "natural conditions cannot be ignored either in theory or in practice, but it is inappropriate to give them an absolute consideration." The role of the natural environment in the study of socio-economic development should also be taken into account when studying environmental conditions.
Y.G.Saushkin spoke about the economic regionalization of the country and justified the concept of "natural-economic zones". He argues that zoning should be not only economic, but also natural and economic. Natural and economic regions rely on the nature of their resources for economic development [1].
In the past, the nature and nature of human and natural relations were often associated with the social system. Capitalist relations have been described as negative (negative), meaning that they are believed to lead to increased environmental impact, worsening conditions and a number of environmental problems. However, it is important to remember that geographical and environmental conditions play an important role in shaping society. A geographical factor is the state of a person's material life, which indirectly affects the nature of a social system through the mode of production of material goods [2].
Famous scientist L.N. Gumilev connects the features of the interaction of man and landscape with each other, not with the social system, but with the tradition of using nature in an ethnos. In addition, he mentions differences in the influence of ethnic groups at different stages of ethnic development. Contrary to the fundamental views on geographical determinism, which states that nature depends on the human psyche and, therefore, on the national character and the fate of peoples, L.N. Gumilev discovered that the natural conditions of the geographical environment contribute to the economic activity of man [3].
A.G. Isachenko spoke about the current state of landscape science, noting that the achievements of landscape science can be widely used not only in geography, but also in the field of humanitarian research. A.G. Isachenko attaches great importance to the principle of landscape approach. He believes that the landscape approach is fully compatible with the principles of geographical determinism and that the role of the geographical environment in the life of the community is objectively evaluated by the landscape approach and opens up new possibilities for its study [4].
Emphasizing the influence of man and nature on each other, A. Isachenko suggests that the problem has long been one-sided: researchers are interested in the influence of the natural environment on the fate of man. However, due to the increasing impact of people over time, the emphasis was on determining the fate of the natural environment. At the same time, the author talks about the exact relationship between assimilation and the location between landscape types and subspecies. Population density is also calculated in the Central European landscapes and tundra zones of Russia. This Isachenko A.G. explains population density in favorable natural conditions. Placing a map of natural territories on top of a population density map clearly shows that the conditions of the forest-steppe zone are more favorable for human survival than in the steppe or desert.
Unlike extreme landscapes, the population density in landscapes also depends on the industrialization of the area. For example, in Tashkent, overpopulation is characterized not by location in very favorable landscapes, but by an active process of industrialization.
In general, an analysis of the role of landscapes in populations was carried out by many researchers. Most researchers compare the population with the areas where they are concentrated, assuming that the maximum population density is within aquifers or river terraces, and the density decreases with distance from the river. It is also important to compare population density with the ecological potential of landscapes. The population is mainly concentrated in areas with high environmental potential. Many ancient cities appeared here (Margilan in the Shakhimardonsay stream, Kokand in the Sokh stream).
Environmental factors were of particular importance in the early stages of nature management. The economic centers that arose at that time had a high environmental potential, and then the role of economic factors increased. The river factor also played an important role in enhancing economic factors, that is, water was also the most important factor in industrialization.
Thus, the features of the distribution of the population and the farm, as well as the use of nature as a whole are inextricably linked with the landscape diversity of the area. Landscape diversity also partly determines the degree of anthropogenic stress. Consequently, a scientific study based on a landscape approach to determining the patterns of regional differences in the use of natural resources gives the expected results.
List of references.
1. Ахмадалиев Ю.И. Ер ресурсларидан фойдаланиш геоэкологияси. Монография -Т.: "Фан ва технологиялар" нашриёти, 2014.
2. Кашин А.А. Исследование ландшафтной организации территории Удмуртии как фактора хозяйственного освоения и расселения населения // Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата географических наук. -Ижевск, 2015.
3. Гумелев Л.Н. Этногенез и биосфера Земли. Гидрометеоиздат, Лининград, 1990.
4. Исаченко А.Г. Методы прикладных ландшафтных исследований.- Л.: Наука, 1980. - 222с.
