CC BY
0УДК 343.359
DOI 10.24412/cl-36450-2023-4-49-52
М. М. КАЛЯГИН, З. Ю. КОМОГОРЦЕВА
Контрабанда наркотических средств и психотропных веществ
В статье подробно рассмотрены основные аспекты контрабанды наркотиков и психотропных веществ, описаны методы борьбы с контрабандой и технические средства, необходимые для обнаружения контрабанды наркотиков и психотропных веществ. Представлены статистические данные о незаконно перевозимых наркотических и психотропных веществах, а также результаты противодействия ФТС России контрабанде данных веществ.
Ключевые слова: контрабанда, наркотические средства и психотропные вещества, технические средства, Федеральная таможенная служба.
M. M. KALYAGIN, Z. Yu. KOMOGORTSEVA Smuggling of Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
The article elaborates on the main aspects of smuggling of drugs and psychotropic substances. The article discusses anti-smuggling methods and technical means necessary to detect smuggling of drugs and psychotropic substances. The research provides statistical data on illicitly trafficked drugs, psychotropic substances and the results of the FCS fight against smuggling of these substances.
Keywords: smuggling, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, technical means, Federal Customs Service.
Drugs, psychotropic substances, as well as their precursors, when used for nonmedical purposes, can cause significant harm to human health. These drugs and substances are prohibited for use, but criminal groups distribute them to the public, and a large number of people suffer as a result.
The data from the Federal Customs Service of Russia indicate that the methods of illicit movement of drugs and their precursors are becoming more and more sophisticated, and the number of such illicit shipments is growing. These circumstances determine the importance and relevance of the research.
The goal of this paper is to estimate the effectiveness and efficiency of customs control over the trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances.
In accordance with the Russian legislation drugs are substances of a natural or synthetic origin, preparations [2].
КАЛЯГИН Матвей Михайлович, студент факультета таможенного дела Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
КОМОГОРЦЕВА Злата Юрьевна, студент факультета таможенного дела Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
Научный руководитель - Прозорская Яна Юрьевна, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
To date, there is a list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, the use of which is prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation. These substances include: poppy straw, hashish, cannabis, morphine, etc. All of them can have a detrimental effect on human health and threaten his life [2].
Drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors can be illegally carried in concealment devices in different ways. The most popular places of drug concealment are as follows:
1) backpacks and bags with double bottom;
2) together with cosmetics or perfumes;
3) additional pockets attached to clothes or shoe heels;
4) in a motor vehicle hiding places can be located in spare tires, inside the doors, in the trunk, in the gas tank, in the bumpers as well as other places where drugs can be hidden in double bottom;
5) in a railway transport hiding places can be located in the cars, in particular in their technical cavities [4].
The customs authorities are one of the main government agencies to prevent the transit of drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors. Thus, the results of the work of the customs authorities can be seen in Figure 1 [4].
25 000
20 000 _
15 000
10 000 5 000 0
2019 2020 2021 2022
Fig. 1. The number of seized drugs (kilograms), 2019-2022
This figure illustrates the number of drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors seized from illicit trafficking by Russian customs authorities during customs control of individuals, vehicles and cargo crossing the state border of the Russian Federation, as well as during the operational investigative activities in 2019-2022. Based on the data research, we can conclude that the amount of seized of drugs and psychotropic substances in the period from 2020 to 2022 has markedly increased, and this is the evidence of the effective work of customs authorities and the development of customs control technologies.
Nowadays, the illegal transportation of various types of drugs, as well as psycho-tropic substances and their precursors, is widespread. The data presented in Figure 2 shows the percentage of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors seized in 2022 [4]. It is important to note that gamma-butyrolactone is the most frequently moved, followed by hashish and harmala plants.
In order to interdict drug trafficking the customs authorities apply the following forms of customs control:
- receiving explanations;
- checking customs and other related documents and (or) information;
- customs examination;
- personal customs inspection [1].
Therefore, the technical means of customs control serve as one of the main tools applied by customs authorities in the process of detecting the illegal movement of goods across the customs border of the Eurasian customs union. They include the following types:
1. Mobile detection systems that are used to exercise control over large vehicles.
2. X-ray television inspection equipment that is used for inspection of the contents of luggage and hand luggage, etc.
3. Inspection tools such as search probe, fiberoptic scope, etc.
4. Gas analysis devices which are able to detect micro traces of narcotics. Through the spectrjmentry analysis and comparison of the results, drugs such as cocaine, heroin, LSD and others can be quickly identified [3].
Fig. 2. Percentage of drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors seized in 2022: 1 - hashish; 2- harmala plants; 3 - gammabutyrolactone; 4 - precursors; 5 - other drugs
In order to make customs control more effective, the following suggestions can be made:
1. The implementation of continuous cooperation between customs authorities and other executive authorities, such as Federal Security Service, Prosecutor's Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.
2. Improving the skills of customs officials, in particular in the field of customs control.
3. Conducting various kinds of activities aimed at improving the activities of customs authorities in relation to the interdiction of the illegal movement of drugs, psycho-tropic substances and their precursors.
In conclusion, we would like to add that the illicit movement of drugs, psycho-tropic substances and their precursors is one of the most serious concerns, along with the international terrorism and environmental pollution. Despite the increasing volume of illegally transported drugs every year, the customs control over related matters demonstrates the positive trends. It is evident that due to the development and application of the modern tools and technologies along with the experienced customs officers the effectiveness of customs control is being increased. Based on our research, we can summarize that the fight against the illicit movement of narcotic drugs will reach a higher level.
4 (5
(14 %)
5 (1 %)
.) -A
1 (4 %)
References
1. Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union. URL: https://www.consult-ant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_215315 (accessed: 24.11.2023).
2. Decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 30 "On measures of non-tariff regulation" dated April 21.04.2015. URL: https://www.con-sultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_178556 (accessed: 24.11.2023).
3. Decision of the Board of Eurasian Economic Commission No. 164 "On standard requirements for the equipment and technical equipment of the elements of customs infrastructure located at the point of movement of goods across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union, the inspection of persons, baggage and carry-on luggage" dated 01.11.2022. URL: https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/22sr0184 (accessed: 24.11.2023).
4. Official website of the Federal Customs Service. URL: https://customs.gov.ru (accessed: 24.11.2023).
УДК 378
DOI 10.24412/cl-36450-2023-4-52-57 В. Б. КОРОВИН
О некоторых вопросах интеграции студентов Российской таможенной академии в таможенные органы Российской Федерации
Российская таможенная академия уже не один десяток лет готовит специалистов для таможенных органов. При этом имеется ряд проблемных вопросов, препятствующих полноценной интеграции студентов в таможенные органы как во время обучения, так и после выпуска. Описанию таких проблемных вопросов и возможных путей их решения посвящена данная статья.
Ключевые слова: студенты РТА, выпускники РТА, трудоустройство, прохождение практики, таможенные органы.
V. B. KOROVIN
On Some Issues of Integrating Students of the Russian Customs Academy into the Customs Services of the Russian Federation
The Russian Customs Academy has been training specialists for customs authorities for decades. At the same time, there are a number of problematic issues that hinder the full
КОРОВИН Владимир Борисович, канд. экон. наук, доцент кафедры экономической теории и мировой экономики Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
