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• The final stage is the presentation of the group's results. Each of the project participants receives a memorable disc with a radio program recording, with photos of the project work.
Project activities using the Internet should be considered particularly effective. It is an excellent opportunity to form socio-cultural competence based on the dialogue of cultures. The acquired information can be presented in the form of project works of various sizes, reports, essays and presentations.
In conclusion, I can say that in teaching English, the project method provides an opportunity for students to use the language in situations of real everyday life, which undoubtedly contributes to better learning and consolidation of foreign language knowledge [3].
References / Список литературы
1. Akramova N.M., Nigmatullina A.Sh., Galiakberova A.R. Fostering the process of learner autonomy in foreign languages classrooms // Problemy Nauki, 2019. № 11-2 (144). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fostering-the-process-of-learner-autonomy-in-foreign-languages-classrooms/viewer/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
2. Abbasova N.K. The importance of techniques in developing critical abilities of the learners in teaching English proverbs and sayings. // "Mirovaya nauka". № 9 (30). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://science-j.com/domains_data/files/30/Abbasova.pdf/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
3. Makhmudova N.R. The use of multimedia learning tools in the English language // "Mirovaya nauka". № 9 (30). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://science-j.com/domains_data/files/30/Maxmudova.pdf/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
INTERPRETATION OF ABBREVIATIONS IN SURGICAL TERMINOLOGY Amonova M.V. Email: [email protected]
Amonova Madina Vafoyevna — Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the aim of article is to discuss and illustrate special features of translating surgery terms and their interpretation. Following the aspect, it covers common features on the special translation comprising: abbreviations, acronyms, shortened words and their types within the terms of surgery. Therefore it is crucial issue for translators to have ample knowledge and idea on surgery; medical background information and acquainting with special acronyms in international medical filed. The paper constitutes supported examples as well as samples on the provided theme. The readers can get enough data and opinion on the topic by means of article through provided points. Keywords: feature, terminology, abbreviation, acronym, clipping, blending, steps, equivalent, correspondence.
ПЕРЕВОД АББРЕВИАТУРЫ В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ
Амонова М.В.
Амонова Мадина Вафоевна — преподаватель, кафедра английской литературы, Бухарский государственный университет, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: цель данной статьи обсудить и проиллюстрировать особые свойства перевода хирургических терминов и их интерпретацию. Эта статья охватывает общие свойства особого перевода, включающие в себя: аббревиатуры, сокращённые слова и их типы в рамках хирургической терминологии. Следовательно, это является важным для переводчиков -обладать обширными знаниями и понятиями в хирургии; фундаментальными знаниями в сфере медицины и знакомством со специальными акронимами в данной области. Работа включает в себя опорные примеры, а также образцы ситуаций по данной теме. Читатели могут получить достаточное количество информации и заключения по данному вопросу посредством статьи, рассматривающей суть проблемы.
Ключевые слова: свойства, терминология, аббревиатура, акроним, слово сокращение, сложение слов, стадии, эквивалент, соответствие.
UDC 34 7.78.034
Introduction. Medical translation concerns a number of subject areas, including pharmacology, medical rescue system, surgery, obstetrics, pediatrics, psychiatry, internal medicine, oncology, cardiology and other fields of specialty, as well as other disciplines, such as law or administration. In this field a lot of well-known specialists such as: Kaplan (2001), Gotti (2008), Fischbach (1998), Askehave (2000), Mc Morrow (1998) had researcher works and implementations on the subject. Translation is a crucial factor in disseminating knowledge and new discoveries in the medical field globally.The translators of medical texts face a number of challenges, some of which are the subject of research. They include medical terminology, lexical equivalence of medical texts, readability, quality issues.
Literature review. First of all, IMIA suggest the following steps in the translation process: preparing the final version of the ST (poorly written or confusing passages are likely to be awkward and ambiguous in the target language), which is followed by commissioning a translator who decides if she or he is qualified to translate the text, then - translation, and finally - verification: the translated document is reviewed and edited by another professional, who ideally should have more subject area expertise and be more experienced than the translator. It is then proof-read, ideally by a third person. That, however, is not actually the final stage of the process, as it may be necessary to adapt the TT to local requirements concerning a informed consent documents and other medical texts '.
More precisely, in terms of the lexical and semantic peculiarities, there are phraseologies, abbreviations, and neologisms in medical English, especially in the branch of surgery. As for the syntactic features, inverted sentences, elliptical sentences, and split sentences are frequently use in medical English. However, written speech is passive in surgery2.
One of the characteristic features of medical language is the presence of acronyms, initialisms and clipped forms. With English having the status of the lingua franca of medicine, English acronyms enter other languages and are used both by the medical professionals and patients, especially if no native acronym is commonly used in the local language e.g. MCV, TSH, INR, CRP, LDL, HDL etc. As presented in the table below, the correspondence between terms and the type of abbreviation may vary3.
Methodology. Practical analysis.
The terms, especially word usage should be accurate and easy to understand as shortened words. Coming to abbreviation, it denotes to a word or phrase by usually shortening something or omitting parts of the word or phrase 4.
Here another more examples translated within the steps provided in liretature review part:
• Free T4- Qalqonsimon bez funksiyasini tekshiruv testi
• GC PCR- jinsiy a'zolar bilan bog'liq bakteriyalarni aniqlash testi
• GI - oshqozon ichak sohasi
• Liver/HFP - jigar ishlash jarayonini tuzatish va baholash testi
• MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram) - Magnit Resonans Tekshiruv
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - Magnit Resonans Kuzatuv
• PSA (A prostate-specific antigen screen) - prostate adenomasi tekshiruv oynasi (PATO)
According to the ATA specification 2200, as for the abbreviations, there is no necessity for the
translator to gain an abbreviation. In the translation progress, when an abbreviation appears for the first time, the full form should be provided 5. If no abbreviation form could be found in the dictionary, the translator should check the full form in the original text and translate the whole phrase and then provide an abbreviation for it.
There given more bright samples in English and Uzbek: X-ray Rentgen nuri
CT (computed tomography) Komputer tomografiyasi (KT)
Rp (prescription) Retsept (Rpt)
CNS (central nervous system) Oliy nevr tizimi (ONT)
1 ШвейцерА.Д. Теорияперевода: статус, проблемы, аспекты. М.: Наука, 1988.
2 Gotti M., Salager-Meyer F. Advances in Medical Discourse Analysis: Oral and Written Contexts, Bern: Peter Lang. 2006.
3 Askehave I., Zethsen K. "Medical Texts Made Simple: Dream or Reality?" Hermes - Journal of Language and Communication Studies, 2000. № 25, p. 63-74.
4 Bowker L. Lexicography, Terminology, and Translation / L. Bowker. the University of Ottawa Press, 2006. 96 p.
5 Азнаурова Э.С., Абдурахманова Х.И. Теория и практика перевода. Т.: Укитувчи, 1989.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary „ . . .. . . ...
disease) Surunkali tosiqli pulmonary kasalligi (STPK)
PRBC (packed red blood cells) Qizil qon tanachalari (qisqartma mavjud emas)
GCF (gingival cervical fluid) Yiring (qisqartma mavjud emas)
To conclude, having studied this issue, we can assume that the main features of terminology do not obey exact unique rule in different languages such as Uzbek, English, Russian, etc. majority translators in this filed always follow the rule of interpretation steps "commissioning, translation and verification". The difficulties in translation of surgery terms texts appear due to phonological, morphological and semantic phenomena of a source language which do nothave direct correspondences in a target language, and require specialprofessional skills of translators.
References / Список литературы
1. Askehave I., Zethsen K. "Medical Texts Made Simple: Dream or Reality?". Hermes - Journal of Language and Communication Studies, 2000. №25. Р. 63-74.
2. Азнаурова Э.С., АбдурахмановаХ.И. Теория и практика перевода. Т.: Укитувчи, 1989.
3. Baltimore Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
4. Bowker L. Lexicography, Terminology, and Translation / L. Bowker: the University of Ottawa Press, 2006. 96 p.
5. Gotti M., Salager-Meyer F. Advances in Medical Discourse Analysis: Oral and Written Contexts. Bern: Peter Lang, 2006.
6. Kaplan R. "English - the Accidental Language of Science". Ammon U. The Dominance of English as a Language of Science: Effects on Other Languages and Language Communities. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001.
7. ШвейцерА.Д. Теория перевода: статус, проблемы, аспекты. М.: Наука, 1988.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING PROCESS IN NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES Kudratova Sh.K. Email: [email protected]
Kudratova Shakhnoza Kadirovna — Teacher, INTERFACULTY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, KOKAND STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE, KOKAND, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the process of teaching foreign languages in non-linguistic universities primarily reflects the history and process of changing approaches and priorities for teaching foreign (English) language in search of the most effective and acceptable scientific and methodological activities. However, this process of teaching foreign (English) in higher education institutions should be considered in the broad context of what is happening in the world arena in general and in the field of professional education in particular, since the need for modernization and improvement is due to the need to adapt the higher education system to the socio-economic needs of society.
Keywords: process, approach, priority, effective, world, professional, foreign, context, wide, arena, education, history.
ПРОЦЕСС ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННОМУ (АНГЛИЙСКОМУ) ЯЗЫКУ
В НЕЯЗЫКОВЫХ ВУЗАХ Кудратова Ш.К.
Кудратова Шахноза Кадировна — преподаватель, межфакультетская кафедра иностранных языков, Кокандский государственный педагогический институт, г. Коканд, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: процесс обучения иностранным языкам в неязыковых вузах, в первую очередь, отражает историю и процесс смены подходов и приоритетов к обучению иностранному (английскому) языку в поисках наиболее эффективной и приемлемой научно-методической деятельности. Однако данный процесс обучения иностранному (английскому) языку в высших учебных заведениях необходимо рассматривать в широком контексте происходящего на
