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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
INTERPRETATION AND ITS PECULIAR FEATURES IN COMMUNICATION Rashidov A.S.
Rashidov Ashirali Suyunovich — Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GULLSTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, C. GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article the writer cites some views of different scholars like Angelelli, Qian, Hymes, Hatim and Mason and some others who have a great contribution in the development of the term so called interpretation. They could give bright illustration of how human kind is interconnected with the certain term. So the article deals with the analysis of the views done by scholars and the author's respond to them.
Keywords: audience, transcoding, target, interaction, communication.
The goal of interpretation is that, a message makes the same impact on the target audience that speaker intends for an audience of the same language. Interpretation like all other forms of communication is a multifaceted activity i.e. it involves a sender, a channel and a recipient. It is a form of communication between people with different linguistic and cultural background. More often than not, the task of the interpreter is portrayed as one of "transcoding" - a simple changing of one code to another [2, p. 122]. This is not enough to meet the goal of interpretation since there is much more to communication than words or signs. According to Angelelli communication involves interaction, context, form, gist, gesture, tone and relations of power. The basic principle outlined in interpreting is the importance of language proficiency because interpreting is more than simply transferring words from one language to another. It involves understanding the meaning, the sense of what is being said before redelivering it into the targeted language. This means that to concentrate on the message, the interpreter has to be well acquainted with the topic at hand and integrate it in the communicative setting, to exploit not only the verbal information but also all other information implicit in the event. Hymes highlights that, most interpreters lack the necessary background with respect to language proficiency and world knowledge.
Since it's a means of communication interpreting involves the transfer of meaning from one language (the source) to another (the target) language. The transfer of meaning is identified as one of the basic problems in interpreting. The transfer of meaning involves relaying on lexical meaning, grammatical meaning and rhetorical meaning, including implied or inferable meaning [1, p. 96]. The question that arises in the context of this study is: how does the interpreter cope with this basic problem of transferring meaning from one language to another?
The source text sender transmits a message through the source language to the interpreter who in turn resends it through the target language to the target audience. Thus the interpreter is seen as a transitional point of contact between two languages. This task puts him in direct contact with the senders and receivers of the message. The interpreter has to assess the intention of the speaker and transform what is being spoken at all levels of communication, including intentions and implication. Thus an interpreter holds a key position, in the field of communication [3, p. 122].
Firth proposes phonological, grammatical, collocational and situational levels of meaning. Each of these levels has its own contribution to make in the communication process and confronts the interpreter with particular problems. Lyons in a discussion on translation indicates that there may be semantic distinctions drawn by one language system that either cannot be translated at all or can only be roughly and inadequately translated in terms of some other language system. From this point of view, the current study sought to explore on the validity of interpreting through evaluating the strategies the interpreter uses in church sermons.
Further, communication is seen as a form of social interaction. It involves a high degree of unpredictability and creativity in form and message, and takes place in discourse and social cultural contexts [3, p. 38]. This raises questions on whether interpretation involves creativity and how the interpreter copes with it without interfering with the meaning or the content of the message. Riccardi asks the rhetorical question: is the interpreter creative? His own attempt to answer this question is that: if interpreting is considered as a problem solving activity where the source text is the problem and the target text the solution, then it follows that interpreting is on-line activity that leads to a creative
process from a limited set of cues or elements continuously unfolding, with no interruption or thinking longer than a few seconds, the interpreter has to come to a correct conclusion or be able to anticipate the message in such a way that he can organize his language output correctly, in doing so, she is not simply repeating something said by somebody else but also engaging in a creative or productive process. According to Riccardi, the interpreter has to come up with strategies to achieve this creativity which creates challenges in interpreting.
References
1. AL-Khanji R., EL Shiyab S. and Hussein R. (2000). On the Use of Compensatory Strategies in Simultaneous Interpretation. Meta. XLV. 3. P. 548-557.
2. Angelelli C. (2000). Interpretation As a Communicative Event; A Look through Hymes' Lenses' Meta XLV. 4. P. 580-592.
3. Breen M.P. and Candlin C. (1980). The Essentials of a Communicating Curriculum in Language Teaching: Applied linguistics. 1/2. P. 20-122.
4. Brown P. (1987). Principles of Language Learning. New York: Longman.
THE HARDSHIPS OF TRANSLATING LEGAL DOCUMENTS
Rashidov A.S.
Rashidov Ashirali Suyunovich — Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GUIISTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, C. GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article has to do with the analysis of the phenomenon so called translating and its difficulties. Author distinguishes the term as the process where some transfer happens. He also states the ideas of some scholars who made a research on the certain topic. Through the whole article the author puts the stress on difficulties of translating legal documents. Keywords: translation, document, transliteration, literary, boundaries.
Today we can not escape from the paper works no matter where we work and what occupation we have got. The administration of this or that establishment require us to be busy with this or that papers whole day. Yet, this affair might not seem to be relating to the topic of the article. Nevertheless, it has not tiny, not slightly but great relation to the notion so called translation. Why? Because every time when we are going to deal with the document the first thing we do is to read and guess the issue. So logically we are translating it into the language we understand. This process happens implicitly. So for that mission you need to learn a bunch of things that starts from legalization. We simply transfer the paper into legal document and the process will instantly start over. Translation of legal documents bears its own inherent difficulties. First we should note that this type of translation is burdened with both intricacies of literary translations and technicalities of scientific translations. A deep understanding of the original is essential but on the other hand we must grapple with intra specific terminology concerning the choice of either translation or transliteration. We must be careful not to alter meaning through a thoughtless turn of phrase or a whimsical reorganization of sentence structure. So the translation of documents requires the flare of the literary and the accuracy of scientific translation. What was postulated in the past and what topical nowadays is the rule that translators should observe in their language expression reproduced as much as possible the agency of their original. Terminology was one of the issues the translators paid special attention to and their sensitivity to word choice paved the way for most modern terminology. Terms in legal documents are a common phenomenon and they are approached as such in translations. A preference is given to the literary way of translating because the content of the original should be represented fully into the receptor language text. There is a link between translation rules of the past and those of the present but nowadays "translation" is a composition of more complex points than previously. In our field of research, e.g. legal documents, the phenomenon of translation can be viewed from different angles concerning Translation Theory as a whole. The translation of given document is also based on the original text. The translators cannot interpret freely, which means to add comments and explanations.
