CC BY
8References
1. Abdullayev K.Azarbaycan dili sintaksisinin nazari problemlari. Baki: Maarif, 1999, 281 s.
2. Mammadov A., Mammadov M. Diskurs Tadqiqi. Baki: 2016, 111s.
3. Fauconnier G., Turner M. The way we think. Conceptual blending and the mind hidden complexities. NY. Basic Books, 2002, 347p.
4. Dickens Charles. Hard Times. Moscow: 1952, 334p.
5. Hemingway Ernest. Selected stories. Moscow: Progress publishers, 1971, 397p.
6. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice. Oxford University Press: 1995, 108 p.
INFLUENCE OF FICTION ON ENRICHMENT OF ENGLISH LEXICAL FUND
Farhadova G.
Azerbaijan University of Languages, PhD student
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of working out the influence of the literary works to the enrichment of English lexical fund. While analyzing great attention was given to the facts taken from the literature. One of the important goals of the article is to detect and find out the backgrounds of enrichment of lexical fund. Here is emphasized the role of literature. Since its emergence this theme caught the attention and new researches appeared.
In this regard, the words and phrases used by writers and poets in fiction do not remain unaffected by the lexical fund of the language, but array the vocabulary of the language with new lexical units.
Keywords: globalization, literature, speech, language, context, text, strategy.
As we know, globalization has turned English language into a major international medium of communication.
Globalization is characterized the impact on languages in a variety of ways. But the point of interest here is that if any language is more exposed to influence, then from time to time changes resulting from this influence penetrate into other languages. For example, the influence of globalization on the lexical fund of the English language on one or another degree results in the inclusion of words and terms in other languages. Here, we can not deny the direct or indirect influence of globalization on a language.
Based on observations, we can say that in the process of social communication there is a rapid transition from local to global.
It is manifested on the following real grounds:
1. Expansion in the sphere of communication in the world;
2. Narrowing of local communication spheres.
The changes taking place in the globalized world
have their influence on the lexical fund of language. Fiction also has an important role in the enrichment of the language.
Speech expressiveness is inherent not only in sounds, words and their grammatical forms, but also in the syntactic arrangement of speech. As the style of the author, as well as the style of fiction is determined to some extent by syntax. The main unit of language at the syntactic level is a sentence model, which is characterized in different ways in various linguistic currents.
Words and phrases used by writers and poets in different periods contributed to enrichment of lexical fund of language from time to time. This can be seen clearly, especially in the use of newly formed and derived words.
In this regard, it is of particular interest the use of acquisitions in fiction during the globalization period.
So there are a lot of words and phrases that are worked out by writers and poets. So, the word piano is also often used by writers.
Let's take a look at some examples.
Mr. Darcy looked a little ashamed of his aunts insensitive words. Meanwhile, Colonel Fitzwilliam had displayed Elizabeth to play some music, and she sat down at the piano. But when she had started playing, Mr. Darcy went to stand in front of the piano, where he had a good view of her face [5, p.54].
In this piece of text, the word piano is of Italian origin, it is processed twice and belongs to the field of music and culture.
Let's look at the other sentence:
Quivering from the defeat of his hopes, with the green morocco case still flat against his heart. Soames revolved thoughts bitter as death [6, p.123].
The underlined word morocco is interesting here. The idea of the speaker in the text fragment is fully understood.
It seems that some words in the literary text have an active role; they determine their position in the organization of the text.
It should also be noted that such points of work have specific characteristics. Derived, newly formed words, etc. enriche the vocabulary and meaning system of artistic speech environment. In the harmony of the vernacular absorbed into the literature, the elements of individual speech are tuned to new layers. This aspect of innovation in the literary language is subject to the purpose of increasing the aesthetic coefficient of the word. New words create an artistic atmosphere, which evokes special emotionality in the literary language. Master's sensibility distracts artistic thought from standards. Thus, it removes words from accustomed language materials, achieves its semantic goal by changing a component of words formed by traditional methods - both root and suffix.
The word penetrates into the deep layers of the artistic aim, moving the reader's thought in the general logical-semantic and rhythmic flow of the text. At the same time, the possibilities of expressiveness of the individual word formation become evident, manifests itself in the stylistic-poetic, aesthetic, logical-philosophical sphere of thought. In the process of the word formation there are moments of interference with literary and linguistic norms. Traditional norms are "disordered", but do not look flawed in the prism of creativity. Individual word formation takes its basis from the potential of the people's language and gives way to improvisations. At this time, new words with style weight enter the lexical system of literary language.
Let's take a look at the microtext below:
The result of varietes of boredom I have undergone, is a conviction, that any set of ideas will do just as much good as any other set and just as much harm as any other set. There is an English family with a charming Italian motto: Whar will be, will be. It is the only truth going! [4, p. 137].
Here, the combination italian motto was of Italian origin and by using in the sense of a portrait, picture was able to take a sufficient position in the textual content, to be more precise, in the text formation.
Outstanding linguist K. Abdullayev notes that from the linguistic point of view, the most diverse texts can be studied and the aspects of their analysis can be different. For example, any literary text can be analyzed in principle from syntactic, phonetic, lexical and morphological aspects [1, p.179].
The words used by writers and poets can be described as newly formed words according to the demand of time. Here, also various, active neologisms are noteworthy. Thus, the active "maneuvers" of newly formed word combinations made the microtext more attractive and readable.
Of course, the strategy of formation such words is more productive in terms of cognitive effect. Although individual and social characteristics of participants such as generosity, creativity, charisma rate, ideology, culture, age, gender, race and social status, as well as ready-made media tools are very important, it is more important to have a relevant situation in the presentation of words and phrases. The so-called presentation is a tool in the cognitive process. The ability how to use these phrases to achieve the goal in full is considered important.
The analysis shows that the choice of words and phrases by writers, poets is colorful.
Thus, writers who use different words and phrases create modernity in their artistic, scientific-publicistic writings, try to reconcile their writings with the pulse of time. Changes in technology, media, modern society and science are reflected in social and cultural texts. These changes are reflected in new words. The vast majority of linguists note the inclusion of new words in the language through mass media, modern cultures.
If the new word fulfills these criteria, there is a greater chance of staying in the modern lexicon. The new word either enters the one-time dictionary, or ceases to be referred to as the new one. Although, most
of the words that have arisen recently can be completely suitable for many. This happens especially in everyday conversation. If the public is using the new word, it is considered to have been adopted in general.
It should be noted that in modern literature we often see the use of new words by writers.
Sometimes new words are distributed throughout the text, playing the role of keywords, and create conduplications.
Thus, the language is created by man, it is created to perform certain functions, first of all to carry out normal speech activity. The influence of man on language and its use is directly correct and one-on-one. The man talks about what he should say to someone else and ask him for something, etc. At this time, speech activity is always purposeful. It is also known that this or that word can be viewed from different angles. At this time, it gives topicality to new words. They express themselves directly in the language. In this plan, it would be appropriate to pay attention to the language of the characters in the works of fiction.
However, as the work of fiction presents itself with space, the tools inherent in the characters and the newly formed words related to them come into existence.
It should also be noted that there are no differences between the language of representatives of certain social groups and the language of characters in terms of the characters' use of new words in the works of fiction. So, everyone uses these words in the same order, and has the same right.
Naturally, people have innate vocal cords, through which they express their voice. Some of the words expressed can mimic natural sounds, others can express emotions and feelings, such as laughing and crying. People give meaning to words as they speak, words do not make sense separately. As we speak, words are given shades of meaning and it leads to the development of the language, which in turn leads to the development of speech.
Thus, language development affects class, profession, position, age group and other social factors. Often there can be misunderstandings between people who speak the same language, as language differences between various languages cause difficulties in understanding. During the conversation, by creating verbal communication, we should try to overcome this misunderstanding, but sometimes it becomes difficult. To do this, first of all, we must speak in a way that the other person can understand. Speaking in the language of the audience we are applying for is not only an indicator of an individual's intellectual level, but also the easiest and most successful way to achieve the goal.
We make sure that our opinion has clearly reached the audience or listeners because one idea that is important to us can also be important to others. Verbal communication can be observed from two aspects -personal and social communication. Personal communication is a big part of communication and is used in our daily lives. However, during personal communication, we should not forget about the norms of language and make our speech in a way that this
person can understand. This is important in order to achieve what we want and get an effective result.
Another important field of communication is public communication, which is established when it is necessary to inform, inspire, promote, encourage, believe and explain people in society.
R.Philipson notes that language integration is inevitable [3, p.50-57].
It seems that communication is reflected in every sphere of society and in every type of human activity. Young people master the norms of attitude and manner of communication in social practice. Attitude is realized in behavior. Behavior is characterized by stereotypes that have arisen from previous generations, but the social experience of modern youth in the field of communication, attitude, cooperation is newer and richer.
Because modern youth is formed in the conditions of globalization. This, in turn, creates opportunities for young people to perform new roles inherent not only in national culture, but also in human beings, but in order to play this new role, they need to pay more attention to the way of communication, relations, communicative relations with the environment. Undoubtedly, the role of education, literary examples and reading in modern youth, both in the "expansion of social experience" and "expansion and enrichment of the social imagination" is invaluable.
The process of globalization of our time brings peoples of different languages closer to each other and strengthens their influence on each other. There are many topics that people of different cultures choose to learn a language. Intercultural communication occurs when different nations communicate with each other.
In this regard, Azad Mammadov and Misgar Mammadov note: "It is clear that people acquire ideology in social life and it intuitively becomes knowledge. At the same time, the role of cultural factor in any discursive type and genre is very important. If we consider culture as a knowledge mastered in society, then the application of relations between discursors and knowledge comes to the fore. These relations are considered within the framework of discursive socio-cognitive approach formed in the last decade" [2, p.48].
Knowledge of the surrounding world creates an idea of what the world model consists of in the human brain and what is meant by its imagination under the conceptual speech of the picture of language.
The extent to which the deep meaning of the discourse is realized in one way or another needs further research. We cannot talk about any derivation model of speech without considering this factor. The global image of the idea expressed in the language must
be aligned with the methods and stereotypes of language expression, and must be structured and brought closer to the possibility of linear transport.
The resulting semantic shades should be associated with language structures and language units, the total of which should be summed up by a certain pattern or scheme.
It is also known that one can look at this or that language phenomenon from different angles. At this time, discursive field realities make it topical. In this plan, it would be appropriate to pay attention to the language of the characters in the works of fiction. In this case, it is believed that the greatest features are presented in the actions of characters. However, as long as the work of fiction presents a verbal space, the verbal means inherent in the character, in our opinion, are of primary importance in terms of its characterization.
These are the examples most widely used by writers and poets in fiction, which serve to establish cultural communication.
People understand each other by participating in complex language activities, and even when they want to reveal the essence of verbal communication, they take into account the nonverbal communication. Language plays an important role in each of our lives in any sphere. Our development, economy, family, society, political, scientific and generally everyday activities are related to language. Language should be spoken, information given by voice should be heard and understood. In this case, language competence, language skills are realized, that is, communication takes place. In this background, language facts are also able to acquire a working character. The fact that language is a means of communication stems from its systematicity.
Thus, the working words and phrases used by writers and poets in fiction serve to enrich the lexical fund of the language.
References
1. Abdullayev K.Azarbaycan dili sintaksisinin nazari problemlari. Baki: Maarif, 1999, 281 s.
2. Mammadov A., Mammadov M. Diskurs Tadqiqi. Baki: 2016, 111s.
3. Philipson R. Linguistic imperialism and Linguistics. Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: OUP, 1992, pp.50-57
4. Dickens Charles. Hard Times. Moscow: 1952, 334p.
5. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice. Oxford University Press: 1995, 108 p.
6. John Qalsworthy. Forsyte Saga. Book Two. "In chancery". Progress: 1974, 303 p.
