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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
IDIOMS IN THE SH.SEYTOVS' NOVEL «SHIRASHILAR»
Koblanova Jibek
Karakalpak state universite Uzbekistan, Nukus
ABSTRACT
Phraseological units are important in the figurative and artistic expression of thoughts in language. Like other turkic languages, the Karakalpak language is also rich in phraseological words. Phraseological combinations are special in that they can be used to broadly, figuratively and sharply express a thought. They serve for a brief and clear presentation of thoughts, and also provide an imaginative, emotional and expressive color of thoughts. Therefore, this article deals with the semantics of the phraseological units used in the Sh.Seytovs' novel.
Keywords: novel, phraseology, semantics, expressive-emotional, somantics.
Each nation has its own unique national features, traditions and customs. The main means by which this uniqueness is manifested is the language. Through language we can see the national culture of a particular nation. Language is an artistic tool for poets and writers who create the new world. These masters of the word, of course, do not bypass phraseology. Therefore, they develop and enrich our language. Sh.Seytov is one of those writers, whose novel "Shirashilar" is also rich in terms of language, full of expressive means. In turn we decided to focus on phraseological units in this work.
The study of phraseological units in fiction from a new perspective is a requirement of the time. Thereby it should be noted that every poet or writer uses ready-made idioms in the language, placing them in the form of the author's orientation of his work. The poet and writer Sh. Seitov, along with phrasemes of folk speech, also appropriately used idioms in the new author's form with stylistic features. The phraseology of folk speech is endowed with simplicity, but despite this, it is figurative, emotionally expressive. And the manifestation of this in fiction indicates the richness of the language. This problem was studied by the kazakh scientist H. Kozhakmetov, who notes that "phraseological units are ready-made means for expressive and figurative description in the language, which enliven the language of a work of art. They are examples of the language of imaginative thinking based on folk wisdom" [2; 54].
In the Sh.Seytovs' novel "Shirashilar" phraseological units are used in different ways from the semantic point of view. For example, zoocomponent, phytocomponents, somantic composition etc. They can have different meanings. The role of phraseological units in revealing behavior, psychological state, life activity, actions of people, and natural phenomena is important.
Among the phraseological units, the author has widely used phrasemes with the seme of time in relation to a person. If we consider this from the side of human anatomical life, it can be divided as follows: infancy, youth, maturity, middle age, senility. These groups can also be distinguished by the meanings of phraseological units. Example: Fappbi менен бала да майектен шыццан швжедей тик жарда зецирейисип излеринен узак карауга шыдай алмады [1; 72];
Мынау ^лкиден мыскылдыц ызгарын сезген гарры: «ец болмаса сацалымды сыйласац-о!» демекши еди да, ашыудан тыгылып, айта алмай калды[1;; 23]; Эмир кайтип келер ме еди, урныгып жасар едим, ертенип жасар едим! Бир аязым гврде, ендиги жагында мен кимге керекпен? [1; 24]
In all the above examples, phraseological units are given in connection with the physiological state of a person. «Майектен шыщэн швжедей» — within the meaning infant, child; «сацалын сыйлау» -respect old age; «бир аягы гврде» -old; Also used phraseme with a temporary core in the value of a short time such as «бир койдыц емириндей», «кас кагым уакыт». For example: Ендиги жагына бир цойдыц вмириндей емирим калгандур, буннан былай да хеш кимниц пышыгына пыш, тауыгына тет демейин[1; 24]; Соныц арасынша цас цазым уацът етти ме, етпедиме, оны хеш ким билмейди[1; 69].
The writer managed to make appropriate use of phraseological units that were not widely used in the language, enriched them by creating a creative attitude to them and instilled phraseological units with new meanings in the language. This can be called a peculiar style of the author. Example: Эуелги ^нлери балыщ квз болып калган жYуерисин, корасында дорбасы алынбай калган ешегин кайгырып жYPДи [1; 9]; Х,эмир Темирдиц уагында хэм усы караганлардыц айбатына элем титиреген деген гэп бар[1; 65];
The phrases «балык кез болып калыу» in the first example has the function of litotes and the meaning is too ripe. Here, the ripeness of the jugara is compared to the small eyes of a fish. In the second example «айбатына элем титреу» has the meaning fear , dread, and the value here is exaggerated.
In the language of the work, phraseological units with the component "eye" also make up a huge amount. In fiction, words in relation to human organs are often combined with verbs and form verbal phraseological units. With the word "eyes" are such idioms: Анау квз ушындагы суугаг шаншылган бэкен сууга емес, кезине шаншылып атыргандай бэле керинди [1; 69]. Кдйык квз илмес дэрежеде курдым тарткандай ыкка ыктыды[1; 69]. Бул бийгунэ хэм шадыман ЖYЗДиц ^лкисин тыйыуга квзи цыймай калганлыгы соншелли, гарры апасына айтпауын ескертти...[1; 81].
«K&3 yrnbmda», «ko3 urney» - has meaning far; «K03u vbiuMay» - in the sense of love and not wanting to give her. If the main anatomical function of the eye is vision, then in these phraseological units in the first and second examples, the phraseology is formed from the function of vision, and in the third example, it means that the eye is considered one of the most valuable human organ. The somatic function that phraseological units perform comes directly from the anatomical functions of organs.
Word masters use phraseological units for accurate, concise presentation of ideas in works of art. The writer Sh. Seitov managed to find the center of phraseology, enrich the language of the work and create touching images for the readership.
Phraseological combinations in the works of Sh. Seitov perform various artistic functions, that is, they
show the author's unique style in revealing the characters of the characters, in describing events, relationships between people, and the internal psychological state in emotionally expressive colors.
In conclusion we can note that phraseological units are the main means that indicate the national color and richness of the vocabulary of this language.
REFERENCES
1.Ш.Сейтов. Шырашылар. «Каракалпакстан», Нукус - 1986
2Дожакметова Х. Фразеологизмдердщ керкем эдебиетте колданылуы. Алматы,1972
З.Ешбаев Ж. каракалпак тилиниц кыскаша фразеологияльщ сезлиги— Некие: 1985 ж.
SYNONYMiC FEATURES OF POSPOSiTiONS iN AZERBAiJANi LANGUAGE
Aytan Arzulla Ahmadova
Ph.D on philology Ganja State University
Ахмадова Айтан Арзулла
Кандидат филологических наук Гянджинский Государственный Университет
SUMMARY
Postpositions give words a new meaning, which is due to their internal lexical meaning. From this point of view, the postpositions may also reflect various semisological phenomena, one of which is synonymy. Synonyms of postpositions are not equal with synonym of independent lexical meaning. The synonym of the postposition is not based on the independent lexical meaning, where functional synonym is derived. In this regard, the synonym of the postpositions is determined by its pure functional-grammatical position. The article explores the synonymic properties of likeness postpositions "kimi, qэdэr, tэk"(like, as), direction postpositions 'Чэге£ dogru, sari, qar§i"(to, towards), distance postpositions "kimi, qэdэr, ^k, -can, ^n"(till), affiliation postpositions "aid, dair, mэxsus, haqqinda, barэsindэ"(belong, about, related).
РЕЗЮМЕ
Послелоги придают словам новое значение, что обусловлено их внутренним лексическим значением. С этой точки зрения послелоги также могут отражать различные полусологические явления, одним из которых является синонимия. Синонимы послелогов не могут быть синонимами независимого лексического значения. Синоним послелога не основан на независимом лексическом значении, здесь в основном имеется ввиду функциональный синоним. В связи с этим синоним послелогов определяется с его чисто функционально-грамматическим значением. В статье исследуются синонимические свойства послелогов, определяющих сходство "kimi, qэdэr, tэk" («Как», «подобно», «наподобие», «такой же, как».), определяющих направление 'Чэгэ£, dogru, sari, qar§i" (в, на), определяющих расстояние "kimi, qэdэr, ^k, -can, ^эп" («до»), определяющих принадлежность "aid, dair, mэxsus, haqqinda, barэdэ (barэsindэ)" (о, обо).
Key words: postpositions, likeness, distance, direction, shades, synonyms
Ключевые слова: послелоги, сходство, расстояние, направление, оттенки, синонимы
Introduction
The colorful and rich relationship between grammatical meaning and grammatical form manifests itself, one of which is synonymy. Synonym is a broad language fact, encompassing all language units that have a certain form and meaning. Of course, not only lexical, but grammatical meanings should also be taken into account. Therefore, synonyms should not be considered merely lexical words. In this context, the definitions of synonyms are often not accurate. For example, "Synonym is a semasiological event that calls for and distinguishes reality by various forms and associated with the same thing, event, sign or
movement" (4,7), what is missing from this view is that only lexical words are meant here. However, the auxiliary parts of the speech also have synonyms. Therefore, when speaking of forms and content relationships in words, including synonyms, it is important to note the general grammatical features that include both lexical and grammatical meanings.
Every word used in the communication process is an expression of thought to some extent or another. The auxiliary parts of the speech play a role not only in linking words with each other, in forming different grammatical meanings, and in creating certain lexical-semantic meanings. In this respect, the locations of the
