INCREASING THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN THE PROCESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TENNIS)

Zotova Elena Alekseevna

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

INCREASING THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN THE PROCESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF

TENNIS)

Elena Alekseevna Zotova

Uzbekistan state university of physical culture and sports

ABSTRACT

This article explores the relationship between emotional resilience and competitive performance. In addition, optimization of emotional stability is considered on the example of tennis, characterized by activity in conditions requiring a special mental state for optimal use of technical and tactical potential of athletes.

Keywords: emotional stability, optimization, anxiety, temperament, reliability, mental tension.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЮНЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ В ПРОЦЕССЕ СОРЕВНОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ТЕННИСА)

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье изучаются вопросы взаимосвязи эмоциональной устойчивостис результативностью соревновательной деятельности.Кроме этого оптимизация эмоциональной устойчивости рассматривается на примере тенниса, характеризующегося деятельностью в условиях, требующих особого психического состояния для оптимального использования технико-тактического потенциала спортсменов.

Ключевые слова: эмоциональная устойчивость, оптимизация, тревожность, темперамент, надежность, психическое напряжение.

INTRODUCTION

The problem of increasing the effectiveness and reliability of competitive activity is attracting more and more attention of specialists. The specifics of tennis, requiring significant dynamic work, is that the main competitive and training load falls on the psyche of the athlete. One of the main psychological factors ensuring the reliability of the competitive activity of athletes is the factor of emotional stability, which allows an athlete to reliably fulfill the goals of sports activity due to the

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

optimal use of reserves of neuropsychic energy [1, 4, 8]. The development of the issues of psychological preparation of young athletes in tennis is currently especially relevant, since even at the initial stage of preparation, performances in competitions are held in conditions of fierce competition and are characterized by increased emotional stress. During competitions, emotional arousal often reaches an excessively high level, which, as a rule, adversely affects the effectiveness of technical actions, and, consequently, in sports results.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The aim of the study was to increase the efficiency of sports activities of young athletes - tennis players based on the consideration of individual and typological indicators of emotional stability.

The object of the study was selected competitive activity of young athletes -tennis players.

The subject of the study was the emotional state of young athletes - tennis players, arising in the process of competitive activity.

The methodological basis of the study was the domestic and foreign theoretical developments, and conceptual provisions in the field of psychology, psychophysiology, theory and methods of physical culture and sports training (Z.G. Gapparov, B.G. Ananyev, A.N. Leontyev, V.S. Merlin, I.P. Pavlov, A.V. Rodionov, B.M. Teplov, etc.). In developing recommendations for optimizing the psychological preparation of young athletes, the main attention was paid to the personal-activity approach.

The following research methods were applied in the article [2, 8]:

- To determine the level of attention sustainability, tables of the Bourdon proofreading text were applied.

- The properties of the nervous system and temperament were determined in the following aspects: a) observation during training, b) observation during rest, c) observation before the competition, d) observation after the competition, e) personal conversations, e) a survey using Eysenck's methods.

- To determine the level of personal anxiety, the method of Ch.D. Spielberger Hanin.

- To determine the motivation used the method of A.V. Shaboltas (EP Ilyin, 2000) "Motives for playing sports".

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

108 athletes took part in the study, including 19 members of the tennis national team, 25 members of the youth national team, 64 students of the training groups of the 2-year school of youth sports school No. 7 in Tashkent.

To identify indicators related to the requirements of competitive activity in tennis, a number of characteristics were studied by the degree of their importance for a successful performance.

Competitive emotional stability (SES) is the most important of the specific characteristics of an athlete's personality [1, 5, 6]. As sportsmanship grows, indicators of this property naturally increase (from - 6.3 to -3.5). This means that the athlete gradually achieves a relatively even emotional background in the performance, adequately evaluates external events, emotions do not conflict with the intended action plan, he optimally regulates the energy potential in the pre-start situation and during the wrestling.

With the increase in the number of competitions and training sessions, the capacity for sports self-regulation (SR) increases from -0.75 to +0.75. The data are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Average indicators and trends in the special characteristics of the personality of

athletes - tennis players

Athletes in groups Personality traits ^ aver.i^

SES SR СМ St-Or

Team members -3.5±0.01 0.75±0.02 0.50±0.04 0.50±0.05

Youth team members -4.0±0.03 -0.38±0.03 0.38±0.03 -0.75±0.07

Athletes of the 2nd year of training -6.3±0.08 -0.75±0.02 -3.12±0.1 -0.75±0.01

The specificity of sports activities makes special demands on the motivational sphere [3, 7, 9]. The level of manifestation of competitive motivation (CM) varies as follows: from -3.12 to +0.5. At the initial stage of training, 90% of athletes answered that competition is a difficult exam for them, causing them anxiety and excitement. Athletes with the qualifications of a candidate for master of sports (CMS) strive to participate in as many competitions as possible necessary to complete a rank or enrollment in a national team. Members of the national team observed a slight increase in motivation, which can be explained by the professionalization of sports at the present stage of development of society.

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

Stability, obstacle resistance (St-Or) with the growth of sports qualifications also tends to increase (from -0.75 to +0.5) [2, 8]. This indicates the formation of an action management system that should work in extreme conditions.

Bourdon tables were used to control the change in the quality of attention. The study was conducted in four stages: before training, after training, before the competition and after the competition.

The data obtained indicate a decrease in the quality of attention by the end of the workout. The data are presented in table 2.

Table 2

Comparative data on concentration indicators of young tennis players before and after training (n = 15)

Statistical indicators Before training After training

Number of missing letters Number of incorrect ly crossed out letters Attention stability Number of missing letters Number of incorrect ly crossed out letters Attenti on stabilit y

X aver., score 11.75 0.75 75.87 14.98 1.37 71.12

±a 2.91 0.26 7.14 1.85 0.52 3.17

±sh 1.70 0.51 2.67 1.36 0.72 1.78

Two points can be noted. First - there is a decrease in indicators of attention stability before the start of the competition compared to pre-workout indicators. Second - a sharp decrease in the level of attention sustainability after performing a competitive exercise. This can be explained not only by the fatigue that arose in the visual analyzer, but also by mental stresses transferred during the performance of the competitive exercise.

The character of sports activity is also significantly affected by the athlete's temperament [3, 7]. The determination of the temperament of athletes was carried out in the following aspects: a) observation during training, b) observation during rest, c) observation before the competition, d) observation after the competition.

The observation results allowed us to determine the typological characteristics of athletes during joint training. For example, after explaining the training task, its technique, volume and intensity, sanguine and phlegmatic people almost do not ask

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

additional questions; during a game of tennis they are not interested in the end time of the workout. Cholerices, as a rule, offer longer workouts, start them intensively, with "enthusiasm", and in the second half of the workout their energy gradually fades. Melancholy people need constant support from the coach. Soothing words help them mobilize their strength until class ends.

Particular attention was paid to the behavior of athletes during the competition. Prelaunch excitement covers both experienced and novice athletes, but the form and degree of excitement is not the same for everyone. Prelaunch excitement, as a rule, is more pronounced in choleric patients. They are faster than sanguine and phlegmatic do pre-start workout; in the latter, prelaunch excitement is manifested to a lesser extent.

In a pre-launch environment, melancholics behave differently. If excitatory processes accelerate in choleric, then in melancholic these processes slow down. Before starting, they appear lethargic, they do not want to do a warm-up. During competitions, melancholy and choleric people need guidance from the coach. The former must be tuned to mobilize opportunities; the latter must be restrained and directed toward economical expenditure of forces. Sometimes it is necessary to encourage phlegmatic people, especially if they are prepared to achieve a high sports result.

As can be seen from table 3, young athletes do not have any clearly predominant type of temperament. Nonetheless, melancholy (11.4%) is the least common in tennis, and sanguine people (33.3%) are most often found. Similar data were obtained during the survey and observations of highly qualified athletes. Characteristics of the types of temperament of young athletes are presented in table 3.

Table 3

Type of temperament of young athletes.

Temperament Type The number of athletes with this type of temperament

The prevalence of sanguine temperament 33.3 %

The prevalence of choleric temperament 30.7 %

The prevalence of melancholic temperament 11.4%

The prevalence of phlegmatic temperament 24,6 %

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

Thus, the study allows us to make an assumption that the various properties of temperament in their various combinations will not prevent athletes from achieving success in sports.

As you know, temperament is characterized by a number of properties. Anxiety determines the athlete's individual sensitivity to competitive stress. Anxiety assessment was carried out in accordance with the scale proposed by Spielberger.

Data analysis allows us to talk about clearly traced dynamics of lowering the level of personal anxiety with the improvement of sportsmanship. The data are presented in table 4.

Table 4

Assessment of personal anxiety in athletes of various qualifications

Athlet X aver. (score) ±stand dev ±dispersio n

Team members 37.8 ±4.27 ±2.06

Youth team members 41.2 ±7.48 ±2.73

Athletes of the 2nd year of training 48.1 ±4.27 ±2.06

With the growth of sportsmanship, the number of ambivers is increased (from 12.5 to 50%) and the number of introverts is reduced proportionally (from 87.5 to 50%). Data on the main properties of temperament are presented in table 5.

Table 5

Data on the basic properties of temperament depending on the qualifications of athletes

Extroverts Introverts Ambiverver ts

Team members - 50% 50%

Youth team members - 75% 25%

Athletes of the 2nd year of training - 87.5% 12.5%

Statistical processing of the obtained data showed the absence of a relationship between the properties of extra-introversion and emotional stability.

CONCLUSION

The study allowed us to formulate a number of general conclusions.

1. It has been established that the effectiveness of the competitive activity of

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DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-162-169

young athletes is influenced by a number of personality characteristics, the most significant of which are: competitive emotional stability, personal anxiety, neurotism, competitive motivation, obstacle resistance.

2. A tendency has been found to increase the level of mental reliability of athletes as their sportsmanship grows while reducing anxiety and neuroticism.

3. A close relationship was found between the level of competitive emotional stability and indicators of anxiety and neuroticism. Indicators of anxiety and neuroticism found a close relationship with the level of competitive motivation, concentration in normal conditions and under the action of an external stimulus, as well as a "sense of time" that ensures the stability of the reproduction of time parameters.

REFERENCES

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Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

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INCREASING THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN THE PROCESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TENNIS) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки о здоровье»

Аннотация научной статьи по наукам о здоровье, автор научной работы — Zotova Elena Alekseevna

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