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8HUMAN CAPITAL, ECONOMIC PERSONNEL POTENTIAL AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Shavkat Kodirovich Muxtorov
PhD student of Bukhara State University
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the potential of economists in higher education institutions of the Republic and develops the necessary proposals to increase the potential of such personnel.
Keywords: human capital, labor resources, human resources, innovative management, innovative production.
In the context of globalization, renewal and advancement require integration in every field, innovative thinking and team coordination based on them, as well as an innovative environment. In the words of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, "... the most important task is to form innovative thinking in the minds of our people. Where there is no innovation, there is no development and no competition...".
Collective harmonization is the achievement of the concentration of knowledge through integration in the social and economic sectors, the creation of conditions for the emergence of original inventions on the basis of inheritance and the development of the principle of "knowledge through science" to the level of innovation. Today, the stages of life are innovation - a fully concentrated integration of knowledge, research that begins with the idea of a deep understanding of the problem, the product of active cooperation of scientific and technical personnel, a prosperous and prosperous life based on renewal, social and economic progress. proved to be a supply factor, that is, an invention that has found its place in the market.
The Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, adopted at the initiative of the President, includes large-scale reforms in all regions to deepen democratic reforms, increase the competitiveness of the country's economy through modernization and diversification of key sectors. being carried out. Emphasis is placed on the training of national personnel, which is reflected in the statement: "We consider it our priority to improve the work of all levels of the education system in accordance with modern requirements."
In recent years, the pace of economic development in Uzbekistan has increased (GDP growth rate increased by 5.1% in 2018, in general, GDP increased by 1.8 times in 2010-2018), in 2019 The establishment of 22 free economic zones and 156 small industrial zones in the first nine months of the year had a positive impact on the
economic transformation of the regions. The number of branches of higher education institutions of the world's leading countries in the region has increased, and concepts related to these processes, such as technopolis, technopark, cluster, have entered our way of life. General quotas for admission to higher education institutions have increased significantly.
Due to the reforms in the national education system, the expected duration of education was 13.7 years in 1990, while in 2017 it was 12.0 years. As a result of reforms in recent years, this figure has increased. The expected duration of education for the most economically developed countries in the world is 15.9 years. In the last two or three years, more attention has been paid to the development of human capital, which is an integral part of national wealth. These include social protection, human health, improving family relationships, improving the functioning of community institutions, and radical changes in the education system.
Economics is enriched with a number of concepts that characterize the participation of people in labor activity: labor force, labor resources, human resources, human capital, labor potential, and so on. Of these, the concept of human capital has a much broader meaning - it is the main force that intensively develops the economy, society and its primary unit, the family, the educated part of the labor force, the ability to intelligently manage life and work. Human capital is a pool of accumulated abilities, skills and goals, which is a factor that ensures the competitiveness of any country and state economy in the world market, and has a strong impact on the activities of public administration, legislation and executive bodies.
The able-bodied part of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan over 33 million per thousand people - (16-54 years) - 18151.8 (55%), preschool age - (3-6 years) 2712.1 (8%), school , the educational age of academic lyceums and professional colleges is (7-18 years) 6783.9 (20%) and higher education - (19-30 years) 7331.5 (22%).
Qualified labor resources are formed in the existing system of continuous education in the Republic. As of January 1, 2019, 35% of preschool children of the Republic are covered by preschool education. By regions, the distribution of these values is as follows: Tashkent - 74%, the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 41%, Fergana -40%, Bukhara - 39%, Navoi and Syrdarya - 38%, Tashkent - 37%, Jizzakh - 32%, Khorezm - 30%. Bukhara and Kashkadarya account for 24% and Surkhandarya for 18%. The regional distribution of the country's youth in educational institutions and postgraduate education institutions is given in Table 6.
Along with the improvement of the higher education system in our country, great attention is paid to postgraduate education [1-30]. This system has a unique history of development, from 1992-2012 it was two-stage (Doctor of Science and Candidate of Science), in 2013-2017 it was one-stage (Doctor of Science) and from July
1, 2017 it is still two-stage. She works in the system of mother (Doctor of Science (DSc) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)).
The distribution diagram of the branches of science approved by the Higher Attestation Commission under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 1992-2012 at the scientific level of doctors and candidates of sciences is given.
Out of a total of 14,976 scientific degrees, 2,408 (16%) are doctors of sciences and 12,568 (84%) are candidates of sciences. The distribution of all scientific degrees is as follows: medicine - 3778 (25%), engineering - 1851 (12.4%), philology - 1162 (7.8%), economics - 1480 (9.9%). ), physics and mathematics - 988 (6.6%), pedagogy -929 (6.2%), biology - 854 (5.7%), law - 716 (4.8%), history - 679 (4, 5%), agriculture -656 (4.4%), philosophy - 397 (2.6%), psychology, geography, geology and mineralogy, pharmaceuticals, politics - (1%), art history, veterinary medicine , architecture, sociology - (0.25-075%), Islamic studies - (0).
In recent years, the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff has continued on the basis of scientific schools of these scientific degrees formed in science and higher education institutions. The distribution diagram of the branches of science approved by the Higher Attestation Commission under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the level of Doctor of Science (DSc) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 2013-01.08.2019 is presented.
Out of a total of 2,901 academic degrees, 1,060 (36%) are Doctors of Science (DSc) and 1,841 (64%) are Doctors of Philosophy (PhD). The distribution of all scientific degrees is as follows: engineering - 580 (28%), medicine - 481 (16.6%), philology - 262 (12.5%), agriculture - 237 (8 %), economics - 226 (7.8%), pedagogy -191 (6.6%), physics and mathematics - 184 (6%), biology - 157 (5.4%), chemistry - 112 (3.8) %), law - 96 (3%), history - 95 (3%), philosophy - 69 (2.4%), geology-mineralogy, psychology, geography, pharmaceuticals, politics - (1%), art history , veterinary medicine, architecture, sociology - (0.25-075%), Islamic studies - 2 (0.07%).
Of the 2,901 graduates, Tashkent - 281 (68%), Bukhara region - 214 (10%), the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 102 (5%), Andijan and Bukhara regions - 3%, Namangan and Fergana regions - 2.5%, and other regions have a smaller share.
The contribution of the Doctor of Science (DSc) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in these indicators is shown in Figure (Figure 5). Of the 2,598 graduates, Tashkent - 1,753 (67%), Bukhara region - 179 (7%), the Republic of Karakalpakstan -105 (4%), Andijan - 87 (3.3%), Fergana - 75 ( 3%), Bukhara - 72 (2.7%), Kashkadarya -63 (2.4%), Namangan - 55 (2%), Tashkent region - 49 (1.9%), Khorezm - 42 (1.6 %) and other regions have a smaller share.
The share of professors, associate professors and senior researchers in these indicators is shown in the figure.
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The above analysis shows that science and education are the main priorities in the formation of an innovative economy based on human capital, deepening the integration of industry (science, higher education and industry), further accelerating investment processes and creating an innovative environment, scientific -shows the expediency of increasing the effectiveness of research and encouraging creativity.
This will facilitate the effective use of the existing potential of academic science, higher education, the full integration of the founders of the industry, the training of personnel with innovative management and innovative production capabilities through interdisciplinary internal and external integration.
In short, MIT, which serves to strengthen the integration of industry leaders, create an innovative environment in society, and shape the economy based on the development of human capital in the national system of continuing education, will emerge only through collective coordination. MIT serves as a set of collective actions of public, private, social organizations, which carry out activities on the creation, development, storage and dissemination of new knowledge, their transformation into technology, products and services throughout the country. In it, the state and the state, which play the role of the main "executors" of the main tasks in the sectors or industries (without the founders of the industry: departments of higher education, laboratories of academic sciences, industrial enterprises and businesses) Today's demand is to identify economic bodies, define their role and tasks in the field of innovation, and coordinate the work with the priorities of the state scientific and technical programs.
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