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6HE NATURE, CONCEPT AND SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF COMPETITIVE TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
Shavkat Kodirovich Muxtorov
PhD student of Bukhara State University
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the work being done in the higher education system to train competitive personnel and develop their professional activities, and provides a scientific basis for their effectiveness.
Keywords: educational services, competition, competitiveness, quality indicators.
The transition to a market economy and the efforts to build a democratic and legal state require a person to expand his cultural outlook, to constantly increase his general and professional skills. Today, the social order is developing significantly for all-round mature personnel who are able to work independently, get out of difficult situations and feel a constant thirst for knowledge.
At present, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 8, 2019 "On the Concept of Development of the Higher Education System of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030" states that "at least 10 higher education institutions in the country are internationally recognized organizations. (Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings, Times Higher Education or Academic Ranking of World Universities). Putting on the agenda the issue of "inclusion in the list of higher education institutions in the country" showed the need to train competitive personnel.
Education is one of the key components in the concept of human development and plays a key role in solving important problems of society [1-30]. During the course of human civilization, the high level of development of education and science has been an important driving force of social, technical and economic development. Therefore, As President Sh.M.Mirziyoyev noted, "We need to clearly define the priorities in the field of science for our country. No state can develop all branches of science at once. That is why we are also in favor of developing several priority areas of science every year. "
According to the World Bank, in a modern economy, the volume of material capital in each country is 16% of total wealth, natural - 20% and human capital - 64%. Highly qualified personnel play an important role in the sustainable development of the economy of the Republic, and their training and retraining is directly related to the educational process. The educational process affects social, economic, cultural and other activities. Education is one of the most important aspects of human activity, and
the process of education is an integral part of the entire human life, from the moment of its birth.
Today, the service sector is a sector that is rapidly developing the national economy, highly effective in improving the living standards and quality of life. One of the important features of the society is that the position of this industry in the national economy has been strengthened and it has become a leading factor in expanded reproduction. The service sector is a product of the interdependent development of various economic, social, political, natural and cultural processes, and ultimately is reflected in the improvement of living standards and quality of life.
Due to the growing competition in the global market of educational services. Higher education institutions are looking for ways and means to increase their competitiveness. Always, especially since the end of the XX century and the XXI century, higher education institutions are considered as a full-fledged sector of the economy, and its important task is to ensure its economic efficiency. At the same time, the state actively participates in the process of financing the national education system, because higher education forms human capital and is a factor of production, and production ensures the competitiveness of the country. The development of human capital not only increases the welfare of the population, but also increases the efficiency of the economy, labor productivity. Involving students in the national education system is invaluable in educating them, in cultivating the individual, in becoming a leading specialist in science, technology, industry and other fields. Economically, the integration of science, education and business is a prerequisite for development in an innovative economy.
Uzbekistan is one of the countries in the world that can be competitive in the field of science, intellectual potential, modern personnel, high technology. Recognizing the importance of building a competitive future, we need to focus on building competitive professionals. Therefore, to clarify the question of what is the concept of "competition", "competitiveness", "competitiveness of graduates" and its number of features and factors affecting it, to study the practical and strategic state of ensuring the competitiveness of graduates in the labor market. we consider it expedient to conduct in-depth scientific research in this area.
The word "competition" is a word derived from the Arabic language, which literally means "control, observation." The explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language reads: "Production of goods on favorable terms and sale at a profitable price among economically independent producers (enterprises), in general, to strengthen their position in the economy The struggle for.
At the same time, speaking about the generally accepted concept of competitiveness, we note that this or that product, object, object or event is superior to it in comparison with similar ones. . Competitiveness refers to goods, industries,
enterprises, regions, employees, and so on. According to A.I.Kovalenko, the competitiveness of different objects is characterized by different importance.
At the current stage of socio-economic development, educational services, like any goods and services, are provided in a very competitive environment. Higher education institutions strive to gain a competitive advantage and increase their position in the market. L.A.Korchagova spoke about the competitiveness of the higher education institution: "... the real and potential opportunities for it to provide the necessary level of educational services to meet the needs of society in the training of highly qualified specialists, as well as current and future to meet the needs for the creation, development and sale of methodological and scientific-technical products.
According to R.A.Fatkhutdinov: "Competitiveness of higher education is its following abilities: 1. Training of specialists who can withstand competition in a specific external and internal labor market; 2. To be able to create innovations that can withstand competition in their field; 3. Pursue an effective policy of reproduction in all its activities.
P.S.Zavyalov defines "competitiveness" as a set of consumption and value characteristics that ensure the marketability of a product, ie the ability to convert the same product into money in a situation where there is a large supply of similar competitive goods.
In the current era of globalization, it is difficult to ensure competitiveness without new ideas and innovations. As Uzbekistan moves towards radical renewal and innovative development in all spheres of political, economic, social, as well as, first of all, it is necessary to radically reform the education system, identify and adopt consistent measures to improve the quality of education. It is advisable to ensure the implementation of roadmaps in practice.
According to economists K.Kholikov and R.Dusanov, competition is a process in which participants in economic activity struggle to maximize their needs and interests, earn a good income, strengthen their position in the market, demonstrate their capabilities and gain an image.
According to N.Beknozov, competition is a conflict of economic interests of market participants, which means the struggle between them for higher profits and greater profitability.
Competition is the competition of economic entities (competitors), in which their independent actions exclude or limit the possibility of each of them to unilaterally influence the general conditions of commodity circulation in the commodity or financial markets.
In the true sense of the word, competition is a struggle between market participants. Competition is a driving force for business entities (manufacturers, service providers, contractors), a mechanism that directly affects the quality and price of goods,
works and services in the market, and allows it to act independently. requires, but is based on the competitive pressure of others.
The concept of "competitiveness" has evolved from the concept of "competition" in content and has become one of the important factors in the current stage of socio-economic development. When studying and analyzing the data, economists did not come to a final decision on competitiveness, its criteria and indicators. The diversity of views on the elucidation of the concept of 'competitiveness', the existence of relatively conflicting views, is a rare case in comparison with other economic concepts.
While realizing that there are objectively specific features of the competitiveness of different economic systems, as well as the lack of common views on this issue, many researchers do not explain what they actually mean. , trying to work with the appropriate term.
It should be noted that the terms "competitiveness of products" are the most common, and the use of the term "competitiveness" in relation to the elements of economic systems that are not related to products (goods) is of particular importance. They can include enterprises, industries, regions, as well as countries that produce products that are evaluated primarily in terms of "competitiveness".
Some authors often consider competitiveness and quality as synonyms, but still do not reduce the problems associated with qualimetry. The competitiveness of a product, in their opinion, is determined by comparing the costs incurred by the buyer and the results achieved with the use of the purchased product.
Many researchers have approached approaches to defining competitiveness as an economic category from the point of view of determining the quality of enterprises and the products they produce. However, it can be seen that in the process of service delivery, less attention is paid to competitiveness.
Summarizing the above, competitiveness is an economic category, and research has focused on the essence of this category, which should reflect the specific characteristics of competitors (object, product, service, enterprise, industry, etc.) in terms of competitiveness. As there is competition in the market for a particular product (service) and as a result of the intensification of this competition in the stages of development, there is a need to study the effects and factors that serve to ensure competitiveness. In particular, higher education institutions that supply highly educated professionals to the labor market, as well as research on the competitiveness of their graduates, are urgently relevant.
It is known that the problem of increasing the competitiveness of education is explained by the fact that the knowledge and skills of highly educated specialists are a key socio-economic factor in their formation as individuals and in ensuring economic
growth. Therefore, of course, many scientists are constantly studying the problems of education, its interaction with the development of the economy and society.
On the one hand, competitiveness is determined by such indicators as the demand for the profession in the labor market, the level of qualification and mobility, on the other hand, it is the life goals and objectives, principles, worldview, self-awareness of the graduate. Also, the competitiveness of the graduate is his ability to outperform competitors in certain conditions, which is a decisive factor for success in the competition. It is no coincidence that the essence of the reforms carried out by the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of education, today higher education institutions are faced with the task of training highly qualified specialists, as well as training specialists who can compete in the labor market.
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