CC BY
14INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
EMPLOYEES AND INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF
GRADUATES
Shavkat Kodirovich Muxtorov
PhD student of Bukhara State University
ABSTRACT
World-class university characteristics are outlined and key factors influencing them are detailed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of conducting research in higher education institutions in conjunction with training are listed. The interrelation of vectors of research and educational processes is shown.
Keywords: Talented contingent, intellectual knowledge, diversification, competitive.
The diversification of higher education institutions is characterized by an increase in their role and responsibility. Higher education institutions may not always train high-quality specialists and conduct important research, but they are agents who play a leading role in the development of the region. This role can be performed in an environment of scarce and limited resources, characterized by the need for high-level management.
It, in turn, requires transparency and accountability in the activities of internal and external property owners. Decision-makers need to ensure that higher education institutions are competitive in national and international markets, as well as in line with the goals of the region in which the university is located. Laredo (2007) summed up the third mission of higher education as follows:
The training of highly qualified personnel and the recognition of the need for scientific research change the aspirations of nations in a global knowledge-based economy and threaten the disappearance of old traditional values in higher education. This process is an integral element of the post-industrial process and means the exchange of non-material activities for money in the transformation of knowledge into a commodity.
It should also be borne in mind that the area in which the university is located is relevant. Laredo (2007) summed up the third mission of higher education as
follows:
Matters Objectives, key indicators and details
1. Human resources Objective: To pass the accumulated knowledge to Ph.D students and specialists.
Purpose: This dimension shows that the experience gained as a result of scientific research can be transformed into a network and goal-oriented social services. Indicator: Number and proportion of people with Ph.D. They are engaged in industry and public services (R and D and their variance).
2. Division of intellectual property Objective: Coded knowledge developed by universities and their management (patents, copyright). Indicators: Innovations created by universities along with their patents. The number of patents must be confirmed by the issued license and income.
3. External effects Objective: Dissemination of knowledge through entrepreneurship. Indicators: Simple calculations are not enough to apply the knowledge and to classify the relationship of scientific laboratories (vacancies, employees, research contracts, licenses). Details: The participation of universities and their support are given in detail in the HEI, ie the number of participating teams, incubators and allocated funds.
4. Contracts with industrial organizations Objective: Development of knowledge and industrial orientation. This is considered to be the economic attractiveness of universities in the main market. Indicators: The number of contracts is included in the total resources. The type of partners (global, large firms, small and medium enterprises) is of key importance. The level of concentration (at the sectoral level or sub-sectors), the type of contracts (research, consulting, services) and their duration are considered as additional information. Details: The above is often considered a "pure" dimension and takes into account the membership of universities in professional associations.
5. Contracts with government agencies Objective: To determine the size of public service research activities. Indicators: Same as the contracts with the above industrial organizations, as well as these contracts can be used in industry, services and cooperation are specified in the section of scientific research. Details: It is very important to supplement the signed contracts with links that do not depend on market elements.
6. Participate in decision making Objective: Participate in the preparation and implementation of decisions (at all stages). This is usually reflected in the examination. Decision-makers are also involved in the long-term innovation chain
"science and technology". Protocol: They are indicated in reports of "related necessity" or participation in the order of the person.
7. Participation in social and cultural life Objective: The role of the university in the life of the city and the region. Details: Some universities have long been involved in the social and cultural life of the city with the material and technical base (museums, orchestral ensembles). In addition to such structural investments, some laboratories participate in social and cultural activities (for example, organizing exhibitions, concerts, participation in urbanization projects). Details: But there is the issue of calculating such measures. Two methods can be used: through the relative need for the university's total investment or activities, or through its adaptation to the environment in which it operates.
8. Understandin g the essence of science by society. Objective: To interact with society. Details: The competition takes into account the dissemination of scientific achievements and relationships with the general public. Expression: Participation in various events (open days, participation in scientific fairs), participation in the media (magazines and newspapers), or activities for students and adolescents.
The concept of "knowledge-based economy" has emerged as a result of their recognition in the modern economy. Indeed, knowledge is not evenly distributed among nations in terms of its creation and application. This difference is huge between rich and poor countries.
Research shows that this gap is narrowing globally as developing countries begin to build their own competitive research systems.
Studies show that in the middle of the twentieth century, the link between the popularization of higher education and the restructuring of the global economy grew, leading to the emergence of a post-industrial knowledge-based society. In a postindustrial society, knowledge has become a source of wealth and a major resource for society in relation to agricultural and industrial production. Agricultural and industrial production is not completed, new technologies and industries are efficient and require the least labor force.
The development of a knowledge-based economy is leading to the improvement of market relations on the basis of knowledge production. In this context, the university faces rapidly increasing competition in research and training. The commercialization of
knowledge has a significant impact on the internal organizational structure of the research community.
There are different types of differentiation (program, system, organizational, etc.) in higher education [1-30]. The study has extensively studied the factors of systemic diversification, including post-secondary education, public and private universities, various missions, training and retraining of personnel in various fields, providing advice in various styles, funding through various disciplines, legislation. and liaison with the state. It is also important to recognize the existence of institutional organizations in the form of vertical (or hierarchical) diversification.
Diversification theoretically affects all aspects of higher education, such as publicity and equality, teaching methods and forms of student learning, the level of quality given priority in research. The following diversifications in the Republic of Uzbekistan can be noted:
- competitive conditions created and rapidly evolving for students;
- opportunity for every citizen to study in higher education;
- offer educational services, taking into account the needs and abilities of individual students;
- Higher education institutions have the opportunity to choose their missions and develop their activities;
- be able to respond to the pressures of society (systemic or diversified);
- that conditions are created for colleges or universities to operate freely, autonomously.
There are usually two factors that can cite the need for diversification. First, many experts say it is difficult to train a large number of students in research universities. As a result, a growing number of other types of universities prefer to train and retrain students.
Rapid diversification should be done in such a way as to meet the demand for talented and competitive students.
According to Professor Salmi (2008), there are three additional factors in achieving the level of JAMKU:
- availability of highly talented students and faculty;
- availability of necessary resources and positive environment for high quality education and advanced research;
However, in all countries, especially in Uzbekistan, there is currently no opportunity to finance JAMKU in order to build a knowledge-based economy. In our view, the relationship between the elements of research and innovation systems can be described as a knowledge cycle as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Circulation of knowledge.
As mentioned above, economic knowledge based on global knowledge is a commodity in sales and purchases. The renewal of knowledge and its application by the workforce is the key to socio-economic development. In a knowledge-based society, higher education and beyond, innovation must be widely used. These include distance learning, pre-university education, new organizations, new sciences and technologies.
The question of whether each university should conduct research in addition to training requires separate research. However, there are advantages and disadvantages to combining research with training. Including:
1) teachers conduct research;
2) students conduct research;
3) teachers and students conduct research together;
4) scientific culture of the university;
5) the university's service to local communities.
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