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21QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF EDUCATION INCREASING FACTORS
Shavkat Kodirovich Muxtorov
PhD student of Bukhara State University
ABSTRACT
This article provides an analysis of the methods developed and used at Bukhara State University to improve the quality of education in higher education institutions, as well as ways to overcome the shortcomings in these methods.
Keywords: bachelor's degree, master's degree, quality of education, methods of improving the quality of education.
Today, the reform and improvement of the system of continuing education in our country, which is on the path of independent development, raising it to a new level of quality, the introduction of advanced pedagogical and information technologies and increasing the efficiency of education has risen to the level of state policy. Therefore, the training of highly qualified, competitive specialists with higher education is one of the most pressing tasks today. Because the development of science and technology requires the acceleration of the flow of information in all disciplines and areas, raising the knowledge, skills and abilities of higher education to the level of modern requirements, the formation of them as masters of their profession. In the context of modernization of the education system, improving the quality and effectiveness of education on the basis of modern socio-economic conditions, the needs of the labor market and society, further improving its content and organizational and methodological basis is an urgent problem today. Therefore, one of the main directions of education reform is to increase its quality and efficiency [1-30].
What to pay attention to in order to improve the quality and efficiency of education. The experience of developed countries shows that the use of modern technologies in teaching increases the speed and effectiveness of learning materials by students.
There are different approaches to the problem of quality of education. Someone sees this problem as a management problem, someone talks about the quality of training, someone talks about the quality of educational standards, curricula and textbooks for higher education, someone talks about the educational process. talks about the quality of the organization. Improving the educational and methodological sphere is important in improving the quality and effectiveness of education. Bukhara State University also has a unique experience in this field, and a lot of work is being done. In particular, in order to ensure the implementation of the Law "On Education" and the "National Training Program" methodological improvement of the normative documents
of the educational process, development of educational and information sources, pedagogical, Emphasis is placed on the consistent study of psychological and methodological problems, the collection of educational data, their analysis and preparation of the necessary information in this regard.
During the years of independence, Bukhara State University has submitted more than 80 proposals for the organization of the educational process of master's specialties in the field of education, as well as the improvement of educational regulations, most of which are higher and secondary special. introduced into the educational process by the Ministry of Education. In particular, 13 on the organization and systematization of master's education, more than 10 on the improvement of curricula and bachelor's degree programs and state educational standards, improvement of the system of monitoring and evaluation of student knowledge about 10, 14 on final state certification of admission to higher education institutions, more than 10 on improvement of office work of departments and deans, 15 on the new draft "Law on Education" , More than 10 proposals to improve the "National Training Program" on the basis of new requirements were developed and submitted to the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education in the prescribed manner.
In the first years of independence, Bukhara State University trained personnel in 13 fields of study, today 12 faculties, 56 departments, 34 bachelor's degrees, 40 master's specialties. being prepared. The educational process is conducted in Uzbek, Russian and Tajik languages. At present, our university provides students with science (36.9%), education (31.1%), humanities, art (22.8%), social sciences, business (5.4%), social security. (2.4%), services (1.4%) in 12 areas.
Thanks to independence, the training of new faculties, priority areas of education and specialties in the interests of our country has been launched. All educational buildings of the university were overhauled on the basis of the state program and the material and technical base was updated. During the years of independence, the university has opened more than 25 new modern areas of education, based on the needs and proposals of the socio-economic sphere of the republic. In particular, new areas of education have been opened, such as psychology, archeology, computer science and information technology, ecology and environmental protection, chemical technology, biotechnology, hydrometeorology, electronics and instrumentation, technology of cultivation and processing of medicinal plants. Later, due to the requirements of the economy, the admission of students in a number of areas (sociology, philosophy, electronics and microelectronics) was suspended. It is also worth noting the opening of master's specialties such as "Information Technology in Education", "Economic Theory", "Biotechnology", "Heliophysics and the use of solar energy."
Throughout its history, Bukhara State University has become a recognized center for training highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel in many scientific areas. During the years of independence, the university annually trains more than 2,000 qualified specialists for the national economy of our country.
Study, generalization of the accumulated experience on introduction of new pedagogical technologies in educational process and preparation of young teachers for work on introduction of innovative and pedagogical technologies of educational process, and also creation of methodical-normative documents and In order to help improve the quality of education, the university regularly holds monthly educational and methodological councils, as well as special seminars, international and national conferences, leading experts are involved in lectures, seminars and trainings. The university annually analyzes the lessons of professors and teachers, and organizes a systematic competition "Exemplary open lessons." The results of the analysis of the scientific and methodological level of each lesson conducted by professors and teachers of the university are discussed in detail at the meetings of the department, faculty and academic councils of the university. Open lessons will be based on advanced pedagogical technologies, including brainstorming, cluster, case study, debate, step-by-step and other methods, as well as demonstration on the basis of electronic textbooks, slides, animations, relevant resources. 'yilgan.
In recent years, the university has started to popularize the lessons of professors and teachers who have taught exemplary lessons. Open lessons are organized by all professors and teachers in each department on a schedule basis. Over the past three years, the experience of more than a hundred professors and teachers of advanced teaching methods has been popularized.
One of the important aspects of increasing the efficiency of the educational process at Bukhara State University is to solve the problem of achieving full availability of textbooks. Every academic year, these problems are identified and addressed in the disciplines, which gives good results.
Electronic versions of all textbooks created at the University are included in the electronic resource database of the Information Resource Center. Today, the number of e-books created (e-textbooks, virtual labs, e-learning presentations, etc.) exceeds 1,200. Of these, about 150 are multimedia e-textbooks, 64 are virtual laboratories. All this, in the organization of the educational process, creates the conditions for students to use textbooks and gradually prepares the ground for distance learning.
In order to increase the effectiveness of work in this area, our teachers conduct research on the design and planning of pedagogical technologies, technology of project education, case technology, methods and tools for organizing independent learning activities, the basics of preparation for scientific activities. These include the use of innovative technologies in the introductory report, the assessment of learning outcomes
on the basis of third and fifth level tests, the use of teaching technology on the basis of specific projects, the use of modern case-based technology of education, various development of independent thinking of students using graphic organizers, development and application of information problem-solving technology, using interactive methods of teaching in each lesson.
Another major problem in the educational process is student attendance. In order to improve attendance, a system of mastering the lessons left at the university has been introduced. As a result, the average real attendance of students until 2010 was 9091%, today it is 98-99% on average, with 1-2% due to missed classes.
Another important area of the educational process, based on the diversity and characteristics of the field of education, is the organization in the curriculum of such types of practice as pedagogical practice, production practice, educational practice, field practice, pre-diploma practice. In 27 of the available directions for our students there is a pedagogical practice, in 15 directions there is an industrial practice, in 25 directions there is an educational practice, and in 9 directions there is a field practice. agreeing.
Particular attention is paid to increasing the responsibility of the institutions where the practice is carried out in order to further bring the practice in line with current requirements. The University regularly works on the basis of corporate agreements with the facilities for internships.
Production operations are carried out at 254 production facilities, organizations and institutions located in the regions and cities of the Republic. Contracts, internship programs have been concluded with these organizations and additional preparatory work is being carried out by the relevant faculties.
Another positive work aimed at improving the efficiency of educational and methodological processes at Bukhara State University is the work aimed at improving the material and technical condition of classrooms and laboratories. In particular, over the past three years, the number of computer classes used in the educational process has increased from 19 to 37, and the number of video projector classrooms has increased from 4 to 27.
Thanks to our independence, on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 1533 dated May 20, 2011, 2 dormitories, information resource center and 7 educational buildings of the university were overhauled and modernized, a sports complex was built and put into operation.
In short, during the years of independence in Bukhara State University on the basis of the use of modern pedagogical technologies to ensure the quality and efficiency of teaching, increase student learning, democratization of the educational process, increase technical literacy. A number of positive steps have been taken and are being taken to develop skills in the use of information, to develop future professionals as
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independent thinkers. Improvement of the educational process ensures the quality and effectiveness of knowledge provided to students, creates the basis for raising the university education system to world standards.
On the basis of a critical study of the experience of foreign countries in the development of higher education in the country, significant work has been done to train competitive personnel by reforming the national mentality and taking into account the current and future needs of our rapidly developing economy. Today, Bukhara State University has a worthy contribution to its prestige, prestige and potential.
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