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20HISTORICAL AND LITERARY STUDY OF RECEPTION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Mashakova A.K.
PhD Philology, M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Abstract
The article deals with historical and literary study of the reception of Kazakh literature in foreign countries. It is focused on the research works of Kazakhstani literary scholars such as Sh.K. Satpayeva, N.Zh. Sagandykova, M.Kh. Madanova, A.K.Tusupova, which are related to foreign reception of Kazakh literature. The thesis works "Kazakh literature in modern foreign reception", "Features of reception of Kazakh literature in the United States in the second half of the XX", "Features of the reception Makhambet Utemissov's poetry in the XX and early XXI century have been revealed. The book "Kazakh literature in the assessment of foreign criticism" has been analyzed, in which, for the first time in Kazakh literary criticism, foreign receptive material on the creative works of Kazakh writers and poets has been collected.
Keywords: Kazakh literature, reception, research, foreign countries.
For a deep and comprehensive study of the history of modern literature of the Kazakh people, it is necessary to take into account the achievements of the literatures of other peoples and perception of national literature in the context of the world literary community. The reception of the fiction work in domestic and foreign audience can have different nature and serve as an indicator of the demand for a particular national literature in the global context.
In modern works on literary studies, the issue of reception often has interdisciplinary character, since in various works it can be considered in view of classical history of national literatures as well as its certain branches, such as sociology of literature, literary comparative studies, etc. In Kazakhstani literary studies the historical-literary nature of the study of reception helps to extend knowledge of history of Kazakh literature and reveal new features of its development in view of the international experience of comprehension. In this article, we will consider the historical and literary study of the reception of Kazakh literature in foreign countries.
The corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the RK, Doctor of Philology, professor Shamshiyabanu Kanyshevna Satpayeva made the invaluable contribution to the study of reception of Kazakh literature in foreign countries. For the first time in Kazakh literary criticism, she collected foreign receptive material on the creative works of Kazakh writers and poets. At the same time, many foreign sources on the history of Kazakh literature were found in the V.I. Lenin State Order Lenin Library of the USSR and the All-Union State Library of Foreign Literature, in the Central Scientific Library of the AS the KazSSR. In 1971, this voluminous material was published in the collection "Kazakh Literature in the Assessment of Foreign Criticism". The authors of the book were Sh.K. Satpayeva and A.O. Musinov. The book was approved for publication at the M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, in which Sh.K. Satpayeva worked for many years. In the preface, she noted: "In Soviet criticism, there was an opinion that, in terms of the number of fiction works published abroad, Kazakhstan occu-
pies one of the first places among the Soviet eastern republics" [1, p. 3]. Indeed, in the history of literary translation in Kazakhstan, the Soviet period was fruitful. A significant number of books have been translated into foreign languages and published during this period. Sh.K. Satpayeva in her preface also provided information about foreign literary critics, whose reviews were included into the book. For example, André Stil, Régis Bergeron, Ita Gassel from France, Bela Balas, Erich Müller, Alfred Kurella, Herbert Krempien from the GDR, Ludek Grzebichek, Frantisek Soukup from Czechoslovakia, Victor Vintu from Romania and others.
This unique book reflected such aspects of literary reception as press reviews of the writers, critics and other professional readers of European countries about Kazakh literature, literary-critical articles and reviews of foreign researchers, prefaces and afterwords to the books by Kazakh authors which have been published abroad. Separate chapters of the book were devoted to the foreign reception of Kazakh folklore, Abai Kunanbaev, Zhambyl Zhabayev, Mukhtar Auezov, Sabit Mukanov, Gabit Musrepov, Gabiden Mustafin and other Kazakh writers and poets. The representatives of the foreign countries: The GDR, Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, Austria, France, Denmark, Belgium represented from foreign countries. Many articles have been translated into Russian especially for this book.
In 1972 Sh.K. Satpayeva published the monograph "Kazakh-European literary relations of the XIX and first half of the XX centuries", in which she presented the process of formation and development of the literary relations of the Kazakh people with European countries in a designated period of time. One of the chapters of the book is called "Kazakh literature in foreign criticism". Summing up this chapter, Sh.K. Satpayeva writes: "The legitimacy and necessity of scientific development of the links of Kazakh national literature with progressive tendencies and directions in the literatures of a number of European peoples follow from the very life and development of culture of the Kazakh people, since it communicated with many peoples" [2, p.
278]. In 1982, the monograph "Kazakh Literature and the East" was published, which was dedicated to the popularization of Kazakh literature in the foreign East. The monograph of Doctor of Philology, Professor W.K. Kumisbaeva "Kazakh poetry and the East" also deals with this topic (1999).
Further, the followers and students of Sh.K. Satpa-yeva also conducted research on foreign reception of Kazakh literature. One of the chapters of E.S. Tazhi-baeva was devoted to "Kazakh Soviet literature in the assessment of German criticism" (1984). The first chapter of the thesis of A.K. Tusupova is entitled "Information about the Kazakhs in the works of English scientists and travelers of the XIX century" (1994).
A number of works on French receptive sources were prepared by Doctor of Philology, Professor M.Kh. Madanova, including the book "Kazakhstan - France. The understudied pages of the history of communication between nations in the XIX century" (1993), the collection "Abai and his literary heirs in France" (1995) and the monograph "Auezov's path to the country of Balzac" (1997), which considered the process of translating the epic novel by M. Auezov in France and analyzed his reception by French writers and critics. The book includes new sources, which were first translated from French. The book "Abai and his literary heirs in France" which contains French publications about the creative writings of Abai Kunanbayev, Mukhtar Aue-zov, Gabit Musrepov, Abdizhamil Nurpeisov, Maurice Simashko, Olzhas Suleimenov is interesting and informative. The executive editor of the book was Sh.K. Satpayeva, the compiler of the book and the author of the preface is M.Kh. Madanova. This collection is designed not only for domestic, but also for French readers, since all the material is presented in Russian and French. In the series "Foreign Authors about Kazakhstan" the book "Kazakhstan - France. The understudied pages of the history of communication between peoples in the XIX century" was published. it tells about how "on the basis of rich historical and literary material in Russian, Kazakh and French, it tells how the interpenetration of information about the life of the Kazakh and the French peoples in the XIX century" [3, p. 2]. The section "Excerpts from the books, travel essays and travel diaries of French authors" contains interesting and understudied sources that testify to the great interest of the French people in the way of life, customs, folklore and culture of the Kazakhs.
The most important prerequisite for the reception of foreign literature is literary translation, which plays an important role in the development of contacts between national literatures. For literary scholars who conduct the research on the history of translations of the Kazakh literary works into foreign languages, the bibliographic index "The works of the writers of Kazakhstan in the languages of the peoples of the world" (1989) is a good support. The issues of literary translation in Kazakhstan are reflected in the monographs of Doctor of Philology, professor N.Zh. Sagandykova "The Kazakh poetry in Russian translation" (1983) and "Fundamentals of literary translation"(1996). As rightly noted by N.Zh. Sagandykova, "the issue of
transformation of the work of one culture into the language of another one has always been very relevant and had its place along with the original creativity" [4, p. 3].
In the monograph of the Candidate of philological sciences A.K. Tusupova "Kazakh-Anglo-American literary ties" (2003), one can get acquainted with the research on the topic: "The creativity of Kazakh classics in reproduction in English." The collection of articles by the Candidate of philological sciences, associate professor S.V. Ananyeva "Meetings that chose us" (2004) contains valuable sources. It contains the author's publications of recent years, among which materials revealing the creative contacts of Kazakhstani and foreign cultural and literary figures are of particular importance for the study of foreign reception of Kazakh literature.
In 2008 at the M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, the author of this article defended her Ph.D. thesis "Kazakh literature in modern foreign reception". Earlier a number of related works were conducted on the basis of one foreign country and one foreign language, while this thesis summarizes the material on the reception of Kazakh literature of the period of independence from a number of foreign languages, for the first time the analysis of foreign reception of the creative writings of Makhambet Utemissov, Abish Kekilbaev and Mukhtar Shakhanov, the analysis of scientific monographs on Kazakh literature by Chinese and Turkish researchers is carried out.
In 2009, at the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University K.A. Narymbetova defended her Ph.D. thesis "Features of reception of Kazakh literature in the United States in the second half of the XX century". It includes the periodization of the process of American reception and the research works of American authors are considered, which contain various interpretations of the literary phenomena of the Kazakh people and fiction works, in which the Kazakh theme is developed. S.S. Dutbae-va's PhD thesis "Features of the reception of the poetry of Makhambet Utemissov in the XX and early XXI centuries" deals with the perception of the creativity of Makhambet Utemissov by Russian-speaking readers (2008). The specific articles in domestic scientific journals and collections deal with the issues of reception of Kazakh literature by foreign researchers.
In recent years, M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art published collections of articles "The World of Abai" (2004), "The World of Auezov" (2004), "The World of Nurpeissov" (2006), "The World of Olzhas Suleimenov" (2015), in the series "International relations of Kazakh literature", which include the collected foreign responses and research works on the creativity of the Kazakh poets and writers who are most famous abroad. The collections have been introduced into scientific circulation and are actively cited by domestic and foreign researchers.
In 2016 at the M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, the collection "Creativity of Abai Kunanbayev in foreign reception" was published. It includes articles by authors from 27 CIS and foreign countries, which are devoted to the creativity of Abai Kunanbayev for the period from 1941 to 2016, and presents all aspects of innovative literary reception. As indicated in the
comments, "Abai's works occupy an important place in the process of foreign reception of Kazakh literature. Literary critics, literary scholars, writers and poets from CIS countries and abroad make an important contribution to the study of the poetic and prosaic heritage of Abai" along with Kazakhstani scientists [5, p. 414]. The collection "Creativity of Abai Kunanbayev in foreign reception" provides an opportunity to show the degree of the interest in Kazakh literature in foreign countries. As a result of familiarization with the book, one can see that the creativity of the great Kazakh poet and thinker Abai has received well-deserved recognition among foreign researchers, they highly appreciate his works, compare them with the outstanding personalities of their nations. In their opinion, he is the classic not only of the Kazakh, but of the whole world literature. The positive reception of Abai Kunanbayev's creativity helps to strengthen the spiritual and intellectual image of our country.
Thus, the study of foreign reception of Kazakh literature has been conducted in the Soviet period and continues to be conducted at the present stage. At the present time, wide opportunities have opened up for the use of foreign materials, which allows attracting additional sources that serve as the support for the study of Kazakh literature as an organic part of the world artistic process. The current situation in Kazakhstan creates favorable opportunities for extending the understanding
of the history of the Kazakh literary development, and in this process, the importance of studying it in the context of foreign reception is increasing. There appear new receptive sources, which will serve as the research object for Kazakhstani literary scholars.
This work was carried out in the frame of the grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the project AR08855803 "Kazakhstan and the world literary space: comparative studies" for 2020-2022.
References
1. Kazakh literature in the assessment of foreign criticism. Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1971. 191 p. [in Russian].
2. Satpayeva Sh.K. Kazakh-European literary ties of the XIX and first half of the XX centuries. Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1972. 280 p. [in Russian].
3. Madanova M.Kh. Kazakhstan France. The understudied pages of the history of communication between peoples in the XX century. Almaty, 1993. 144 p. [in Russian].
4. Sagandykova N.Zh. Fundamentals of literary translation. Almaty: Sanat, 1996. 208 p. [in Russian].
5. Creativity of Abai Kunanbayev in foreign reception. Almaty: Adebiet Alemi, 2016. 464 p. [in Russian].
