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11JURISPRUDENCE
GROUNDS AND SIGNS OF BANKRUPTCY OF AN INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR OR AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS LOST THE STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR
Baratov M.,
Head of the Department of the Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan,
Doctor of Law, Professor Ibratova F.,
Associate Professor of the Tashkent State Law University, Doctor of Law Kurbanova Kh.
Lecturer at the Tashkent State Law University
Abstract
The article examines the grounds and signs of bankruptcy of an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, analyzes the distinction between the concepts of "insolvency" and "bankruptcy". It is concluded that from part 5 of Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the words "or declaring him about his bankruptcy" should be excluded, so in the current legislation the bankruptcy of an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur is recognized only by the court.
Keywords: bankruptcy, individual entrepreneur, insolvency, signs of bankruptcy, creditors' claims.
According to article 26 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, an individual entrepreneur who is unable to satisfy the claims of creditors related to his entrepreneurial activities may be declared bankrupt. If the unsatisfied claims arise from a previous entrepreneurial activity, an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, who is unable to satisfy the claims of creditors, may also be declared bankrupt1.
The signs of the bankruptcy of a debtor - an individual entrepreneur are the inability of creditors' claims for monetary obligations and to fulfill obligations for obligatory payments if the corresponding obligations or obligations are not fulfilled by the debtor within three months, and if the claims in aggregate amount to at least twenty times the size of the base calculated value2.
Discussion is the question of the signs of bankruptcy of an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur3. So, according to V.A. Khimichev and S.M. Karneev, for an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, the sign of insufficient property should be used4. V.S. Belykh,
A.A. Dubinchin, M.L. Skuratovsky, V.V. Vitryansky, M.V. Telyukina believe that the insolvency feature should be applied to an individual entrepreneur5.
O.V.Petrova argues that insolvency is considered a sign of bankruptcy of an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur and leads to a distinction between the concepts of "insolvency" and "bankruptcy": "if an individual entrepreneur is unable to pay off creditors, then he becomes insolvent"6. An individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan becomes bankrupt only by a court decision7.
S.I. Zinovyeva believes that the concepts of "insolvency" and "bankruptcy" are identical8.
In the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the terms "economic insolvency" and "bankruptcy" are recognized as equivalent, however, the question of the advisability of such terminological
1 Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2015). Гражданско-правовые проблемы признания банкротами индивидуальных предпринимателей в Республике Узбекистан. Вопросы современной юриспруденции, (5-6 (47)).
2 Ibratova F. Problems of a settlement in bankruptcy cases in economic courts //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2019. - №. 28-3.
3 Ибратова Ф. Б. Банкротство ликвидируемого субъекта предпринимательства: проблемы и решения //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. -2021. - №. 58-2.
4 Химичев, В. А. (2006). Осуществление и защита
гражданских прав при несостоятельности (банктротстве).
Wolters Kluwer Russia.
5 Рубцова, Н. В., & Белых, В. С. (2003). Процедуры банкротства юридических лиц.
6 Петрова, О.В. Как заявить о банкротстве // Предприниматель без образования юридического лица. -2006. - № 5. - С. 6.
7 Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2019). ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН. 1п ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ 163-170).
8 http://elib.sfu-
kras.ru/bitstream/handle/2311/4737/27a.pdf?sequence=1
unity, as noted in the legal literature, is very controversial9. In general, this issue is not so much terminological as it is deep conceptual in nature10. In the legal literature, the opinion is expressed that the term "bankruptcy" should be used only in the meaning of a particular case of insolvency, when non-payments of an enterprise are combined with an excess of its obligations over its property or with an unsatisfactory balance sheet structure11. The debtor can be declared bankrupt only if the accounts payable exceeds the book value of all assets12.
Some authors believe that the use of the term "bankruptcy" as a special case of insolvency in a completely different way, when the insolvent debtor commits a criminal act that prejudices the creditor13.
V.F. Ukalov notes that the legal meaning of the gradation of these concepts is that an insolvent business entity, under certain conditions, can regain the quality of a simple defaulter, continue entrepreneurial activity and pay off debts14. It's over for the bankrupt15. Declaring the debtor bankrupt by the court shall entail his liq-uidation16.
Bankruptcy is the last stage of the growing insolvency process of the debtor, which should be the subject of court consideration17.
After completing settlements with creditors, the debtor is an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, declared bankrupt18, exempted from further execution of creditors' claims declared in the implementation of
the procedure for recognizing an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur bankrupt19.
Creditors' claims for compensation for harm caused to life or health, claims for the recovery of alimony, as well as other personal claims 20, not canceled in the order of execution of the decision of the economic court on recognizing a debtor - an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, bankrupt, or partially can-celed21, or not declared bankrupt during the procedure for recognizing a debtor - an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, bankrupt22 and can be presented after the completion of the bankruptcy procedure of the debtor -an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, respectively, in full or in their outstanding part.
In case of revealing the facts of concealment of property by a debtor - an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur 23, or illegal transfer of property to third parties, the creditor, whose claims were not satisfied in the bankruptcy process, has the right to file a claim for foreclosure on this property 24. In this case, such property of a debtor - an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur, should be understood as property acquired through his previous entrepreneurial activity25.
According to the current legislation on bankruptcy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, bankruptcy is recog-
9 Ibratova, F. B., Kirillova, E. A., Smolen, R., Bondarenko, N. G., Shebzuhova, T. A., & Vartumyan, A. A. (2017). Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions.
10 Барышова, М. В., Белый, В. С., Глущенко, В. М., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Новиков, А. Н., & Пронькин, Н. Н. (2019). Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика.
11 Ibratova F., Esenbekova F. GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION ON CONCEPTIONAL PROCEDURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2021. - №. 38-2. - С. 20-24.
12 Кращенко Д.А. Банкротство субъектов предпринимательства в Российской Федерации: проблемы правового регулирования. Дисс. на соискание ученой степени канд.юрид.наук. Волгоград. 2001.
13 Esenbekova, F. T., Okyulov, O., Sh, R., & Ibratova, F. B. (2021). Features of the approval of the world agreement by the economic court: practice and theory. International Journal of Professional Science, 5, 90-96.
14 Банкротство финансовых компаний / Под ред. Уколова В.Ф., Омарова А. - М.: «Луч». 1999. - С.23.
15 Ibratova F., Narzullaev O. LEGAL NATURE OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP IN BANKRUPTCY //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 64. - С. 24-26.
16 Ibratova F. BANKRUPTCY OF A LIQUIDATED BUSINESS ENTITY: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS //Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 2021. - С. 45.
17 Ibratova F. Bankrotlik to 'g 'risidagi ishlarda prokuror
ishtiroki.
18 Ibratova F. TERMS IN CIVIL LAw AND ThEIR APPLICATION IN LEGAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS IN ThE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN.
19 Довлатова, Г. П., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Каращенко, В. В., Макеева, Е. И., Мирославская, М. Д., Пайкович, П. Р., & Харлампенков, Е. И. (2021). Инновации, тенденции и проблемы в области экономики, управления и бизнеса.
20 Дудник, Д. В., Ермолаев, К. Н., Ибратова, Ф., Миронов, Л. В., Окюлов, О., Опрышко, Е. Л., ... & Шер, М. Л. (2021). Научные основы финансовой, кредитно-денежной и ценовой политики.
21 Okyulov O. et al. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON INVALIDITY OF TRANSACTIONS IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEDUR //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 68. - С. 18-21.
22 Браславец, О. Н., Влавацкая, М. В., Дрыгина, Ю. А., Ибратова, Ф., Калинин, Е. Д., Лагунова, Л. В., ... & Эсанова, З. (2021). Человек как субъект общественных изменений: социальные, гуманитарные и психологические проблемы.
23 Sh R., Ibratova F., Zh K. THE NATURE OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER OF UZBEKISTAN //Sciences of Europe. - 2021. - №. 79-3. -С. 10-12.
24 Yunusova M., Ibratova F. LEGAL ISSUES OF THE WORLD AGREEMENT IN BANKRUPTCY AS A PROCEDURAL INSTITUTE //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 62-2. -С. 10-14.
25 Ibratova F., Samigjonov F. LEGAL REGULATION OF THE OBSERVATION PROCEDURE UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //ECONOMIC SCIENCES. - С. 30.
nized by the economic court (Article 3) and the declaration of the debtor about his bankruptcy is excluded from the current legislation26. However, in part 5 of article 26 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is indicated that the grounds and procedure for declaring the debtor bankrupt by the court or declaring him about his bankruptcy are established by law.
In order to avoid conflicts and inconsistencies in the legislation and their application in practice, in our opinion, it follows from part 5 of Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan to exclude the words "or declaring him about his bankruptcy".
We also believe that it was advisable to introduce a rule according to which an individual entrepreneur or an individual who has lost the status of an individual entrepreneur can be declared bankrupt only when he is unable to satisfy the claims of creditors related to entrepreneurial activity, clearly dividing the mass of his debts into "personal" and "commercial" - the repayment of obligations related to the business of the debtor, while maintaining personal obligations, is conditioned by the risky nature of business.
REFERENCES:
1. Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2015). Гражданско-правовые проблемы признания банкротами индивидуальных предпринимателей в Республике Узбекистан. Вопросы современной юриспруденции, (5-6 (47)).
2. Ibratova F. Problems of a settlement in bankruptcy cases in economic courts //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2019. - №. 28-3.
3. Ибратова Ф. Б. Банкротство ликвидируемого субъекта предпринимательства: проблемы и решения //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 582.
4. Химичев, В. А. (2006). Осуществление и защита гражданских прав при несостоятельности (банктротстве). Wolters Kluwer Russia.
5. Рубцова, Н. В., & Белых, В. С. (2003). Процедуры банкротства юридических лиц.
6. Петрова, О.В. Как заявить о банкротстве // Предприниматель без образования юридического лица. - 2006. - № 5. - С. 6.
7. Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2019). ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН. In ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ (pp. 163-170).
8. http://elib.sfu-kras.ru/bitstream/han-dle/2311/4737/27a.pdf?sequence=1
9. Ibratova, F. B., Kirillova, E. A., Smolen, R., Bondarenko, N. G., Shebzuhova, T. A., & Vartumyan,
A. A. (2017). Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions.
10. Барышова, М. В., Белый, В. С., Глущенко,
B. М., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Новиков, А. Н., & Пронькин,
26 Ibratova F., Egamberdiev D. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF OBSERVATION-BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE BY THE ECONOMIC
Н. Н. (2019). Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика.
11. Ibratova F., Esenbekova F. GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION ON CONCEPTIONAL PROCEDURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2021. - №. 38-2. - С. 20-24.
12. Кращенко Д.А. Банкротство субъектов предпринимательства в Российской Федерации: проблемы правового регулирования. Дисс. на соискание ученой степени канд.юрид.наук. Волгоград. 2001.
13. Esenbekova, F. T., Okyulov, O., Sh, R., & Ibratova, F. B. (2021). Features of the approval of the world agreement by the economic court: practice and theory. International Journal of Professional Science, 5, 90-96.
14. Банкротство финансовых компаний / Под ред. Уколова В.Ф., Омарова А. - М.: «Луч». 1999. -С.23.
15. Ibratova F., Narzullaev O. LEGAL NATURE OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP IN BANKRUPTCY //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 64. - С. 24-26.
16. Ibratova F. BANKRUPTCY OF A LIQUIDATED BUSINESS ENTITY: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS //Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 2021. -С. 45.
17. Ibratova F. Bankrotlik to 'g 'risidagi ishlarda prokuror ishtiroki.
18. Ibratova F. TERMS IN CIVIL LAw AND ThEIR APPLICATION IN LEGAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS IN ThE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN.
19. Довлатова, Г. П., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Каращенко, В. В., Макеева, Е. И., Мирославская, М. Д., Пайкович, П. Р., & Харлампенков, Е. И. (2021). Инновации, тенденции и проблемы в области экономики, управления и бизнеса.
20. Дудник, Д. В., Ермолаев, К. Н., Ибратова, Ф., Миронов, Л. В., Окюлов, О., Опрышко, Е. Л., ... & Шер, М. Л. (2021). Научные основы финансовой, кредитно-денежной и ценовой политики.
21. Okyulov O. et al. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON INVALIDITY OF TRANSACTIONS IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEDUR //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 68. - С. 18-21.
22. Браславец, О. Н., Влавацкая, М. В., Дрыгина, Ю. А., Ибратова, Ф., Калинин, Е. Д., Лагунова, Л. В., ... & Эсанова, З. (2021). Человек как субъект общественных изменений: социальные, гуманитарные и психологические проблемы.
23. Sh R., Ibratova F., Zh K. THE NATURE OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER OF UZBEKISTAN //Sciences of Europe. - 2021. - №. 79-3. - С. 10-12.
COURT FOR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2019. - №. 20-2. - C. 37-42.
24. Yunusova M., Ibratova F. LEGAL ISSUES OF THE WORLD AGREEMENT IN BANKRUPTCY AS A PROCEDURAL INSTITUTE //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. -2021. - №. 62-2. - C. 10-14.
25. Ibratova F., Samigjonov F. LEGAL REGULATION OF THE OBSERVATION PROCEDURE UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF
THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //ECONOMIC SCIENCES. - C. 30.
26. Ibratova F., Egamberdiev D. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF OBSERVATION-
BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE BY THE ECONOMIC COURT FOR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2019. - №. 20-2. - C. 37-42.
