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Acknowledgement: This work was supported by Ente Cassa di Risparmio Firenze, 2015.
References:
1. Bilia AR, Piazzini V, Guccione C, Risaliti L, Asprea M, Capecchi G, Bergonzi MC. 2017. Planta Med. 83(05): 366-381.
2. Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. Editorial. Planta Med. 2017, 83(05):365.
3. Bilia AR, Guccione C, Isacchi B, Righeschi C, Firen-zuoli F, Bergonzi MC. 2014. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014:651593.
4. Piazzini V, Rosseti C, Bigagli E, Luceri C, Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. 2017. Planta Med. May 4. doi: 10.1055/ s-0043-110052.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THYMUS LONGICAULIS IN COMPARISON WITH THYMUS VULGARIS
© Marija Kindl1, Franz Bucar2, Biljana Blazekovic1, Maja Bival Stefan1, Sanda Vladimir-Knezevic1
1 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia;
2 Karl-Franzens-University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Graz, Austria
Thymus longicaulis C. Presl (Lamiaceae) is a small aromatic perennial herb and a typical representative of the Illyric-Mediterranean flora. It is a traditional remedy for cold, flu, cough, nephritis and abdominal pain
[1]. This study was aimed to evaluate phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of T. longicaulis wild-growing in Croatia. In order to find the possibility of its use in modern phytotherapy, the results were compared with those obtained for T. vulgaris, as the officially recognised medicinal plant within the genus Thymus
[2]. The presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the methanolic extracts and terpenes from the essential oil was detected by TLC. Chromatographic profiles were established for the studied plant extracts by LC-ESI-MS/MS and RP-HPLC-DAD analysis. All detected phenolic acids belonged to derivatives of rosmarinic acid, while all identified flavonoids were flavons. Rosmarinic acid was found to be the most abundant polyphenolic constituent (48 mg/g) while among flavonoids luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was present with
the highest concentration (14 mg/g). The extraction yield (V/m) of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation was 1.7%. According to GC-MS analysis forty three compounds were identified, representing 99.7% of the total oil. The essential oil was characterised by a high percentage of the monoterpene fraction (95%) with a prevalence of oxygenated monoterpenes (61%). Thymol (43%), p-cymene (18%) and y-terpinene (11%) were identified as the most abundant compounds. Owing to its phytochemical composition comparable to those of T. vulgaris, this medicinal plant could be considered as a new source of the pharmacopoeial herbal drugs Thymi herba and Thymi aetheroleum.
References:
1. Vladimir-Knezevic S, Kosalec I, Babac M, Petrovic M, Ralic J, Matica B, Blazekovic B. 2012. Cent Eur J Biol. 7:1109-1115.
2. European Pharmacopoeia, 9th ed., Council of Europe: Strasbourg, France, 2017:1538-1541.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO SYNERGY BETWEEN TANREQING INJECTION AND ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
© Wei Feng Yang1, Jue Ling Liu1, Biljana Blazekovic2, Ya Nan Sun1, Shu Hua Ma1, Chuan Yun Ren3, Sanda Vladimir-Knezevic2, Yi Wang 1
1 China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Experimental Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China;
2 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia;
3 Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
In light of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance and lack of new drugs, herbal drug and antibiotic combination may represent an interesting therapy option for treat multidrug resistant bacteria. The
Tanreqing injection is Chinese herbal preparation made from Scutellariae radix (Huang Qin), Ursi fel (Xiong Dan), Naemorhedi cornu (Shan Yang Jiao), Lonicerae flos (Jin Yin Hua) and Forsythiae fructus (Lian Qiao).
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According to TCM, this formula clears heat and removes phlegm and it is used in China to treat respiratory tract infections [1]. The present study was focused on the in vitro antibacterial activity and possible synergistic interactions of Tanreqing injection and selected antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Tanreqing injection, vancomycin and linezolid were determined by the broth microdilution method (16.5, 0.005 and 0.005 mg/mL, respectively) and synergy was studied by chequerboard technique and time kill curve assay. Obtained values of fractional inhibitory concentration index suggested no interactive effects of the tested combinations of Tanreqing injection and
antibiotics. However, the time-kill experiments which are more informative giving an insight into both the rate and extend of antibacterial activity showed that the antibacterial efficacy of vancomycin and linezolid against MRSA was increased through their combination with Tanreqing injection. Combined application of 1/8 MIC vancomycin with 1/4 MIC Tanreqing or 1/8 MIC linezolid with 1/4 MIC Tanreqing revealed the ALC24 value of 2.63, suggesting synergistic effects of the tested TCM formula and antibiotics.
References:
1. Wang Y, Wang T, Hu J, Ren C, Lei H, Hou Y, Brant-ner AH. 2011. J Ethnopharmacol. 134(1):165-170.
TUMOUR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES DETECTION IN CBA INBRED MICE HEPATOCARCINOMAS UNDER MULTIPHYTOADAPTOGENE COMPLEX DRY POWDER EARLY ONTOGENESIS ADMINISTRATION
© Bocharov E.V.1, Bocharova O.A.1, Karpova R.V.1, Kucheryanu V.G.2
1 N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia;
2 The institute of general pathology and pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
CBA inbred strain of mice is a classical model of cancer susceptibility exhibiting high risk for spontaneous hepatomas. It is used in oncology for preventive agents determination. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the morphological changes of CBA inbred mice hepatocarcinomas under multyphytoadaptogene complex dry powder (DMPAC) administration in early ontogenesis. DMPAC was produced by a special desiccation technology of forty medical herbs water-ethanol extracts mixture, multyphytoadaptogene complex (MPAC). DMPAC has wide spectrum of activities including immunomodifying effects. The study was carried out on 131 mice-males of CBA inbred strain. Experimental CBA mice were administered DMPAC water solution during the first month of life including the final time period of liver differentiation (as preventive application). 13-15 males in each group were euthanized at the age of 4, 8, 22 months. Liver tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin by standard method was investigated histologically in control and DMPAC-exposed groups. Morphological studies of the CBA mice liver parenchyma demonstrated normal structure without tumours in the control mice as well as in the experimental mice at the age of 4 months. Meanwhile,
it is known that the first hepatomas formation in high-cancer CBA males belongs to the period close to the age of 6 months. We observed liver tumours macro-and microscopically in 15% of the control animals examined at the age of 8 months. At the same time the tumours in mice of DMPAC-exposed group were not noticed. At the age of 22 months poor differentiated trabecular-acinar hepatocarcinomas (that is of mixed tumour structure) were detected in 100% of control mice and in 66,7% of mice under DMPAC early ontogenesis administration. Furthermore single and forming claster tumours infiltrating lymphocytes were detected in hepatocarcinomas of DMPAC-exposed mice. At the same time tumour tissue destructive features were microscopically visible. Tumour lymphocyte infiltration and hepatocarcinomas destructions in mice of experimental group were accompanied by up-regulating leukocyte integrins (LFA-1 and Mac-1) expression on the immune effectors in blood, supressing IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels and reducing incidence and sizes of spontaneous hepatomas. Thus, the migration of lymphocytes into tumours and tumour tissue distruction in our investigation are considered to be positive prognostic factors for cancer process.
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
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