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The results of the study, it can be concluded that the revealed inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinases by the substance of GPP is one of the possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of this substance.
This work was supported by Ministry of education and science of the Russian federation (Contract N 14.N08.12.0070).
References:
1. Kyriakis JM, Avruch J, 2001. Physiol Rev, 81:807-869.
2. Saklatvala J, 2004. Curr Opin Pharm., 4:372-377
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF A FEED SUPPLEMENTED WITH DRY EXTRACTS OF BOSWELLIA SERRATA AND SALIXALBA IN LAYING HENS
© Martina Bertocchi1, Giulia Andreani1, Federica Medici1, Enea Ferlizza1,
Maurizio Scozzoli2, Augusta Zannoni1, Monica Forni1, Cinzia Benazzi1, Gloria Isani1
1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy;
2 Veterinarian SIROE, Italian Society Essential Oils
The resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb. and bark of Salix alba L. are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory activity. Hens are frequently affected by inflammatory intestinal disorders, during the critical period between the last vaccination and the early eggproduction, requiring pharmacological treatments. The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of a feed supplemented with dry extracts of B. serrata and S. alba (150 mg/Kg feed of each extract) in laying hens during this critical phase. Metal concentration, biochemical and histopathological parameters were analysed using a multidisciplinary approach. Hens of two farms (10000 hens each) were fed supplemented feed and control feed for 3 weeks. Liver, ileum and plasma samples (n = 8) were obtained at fixed times (before, during and after the supplementation), from treated and control animals. At the end of the supplementation,in treated henshistopathological analyses of the ileum showeda significant reduction in crypt length, associated
with a lower inflammatoryinfiltrateand significantly lower Zn concentrations(14.6 ± 1.8 vs 16.9 ± 1.1 ^g/g wet weight, p < 0.05) presumably due to the beneficial effect of the applied phytoextracts. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that higher levels of intestinal Zn in control animals mightbe relatedto increased blood supply and increasednumber of Paneth cells, that are characterized by high concentrations of Zn. Serum chemistry analyses were indicative of a significant hypolipemic effect of the phytoextracts in treated hens (triglycerides 1257 ± 218 vs 1596 ± 139 mg/dL, p < 0.05; cholesterol 120 ± 25 vs 183 ± 5 mg/dL, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this research, though preliminary, demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect ofa feed supplemented with dry extracts of B. serrata and S. alba in laying hens. These phytoextracts could reduce the risk of inflammatory conditions, while increasing the animal welfare and possibly the quality of animal productions.
NANOENCAPSULATION OF EXTRACTS: WHICH INNOVATION POTENTIAL DOES IT HAVE?
© Anna Rita Bilia, Benedetta Isacchi, Vieri Piazzini, Maria Camilla Bergonzi
Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
Extracts are complex mixtures of constituents having different polarities and absorption properties. In many cases, extracts have good activity in in vitro assays, which is not reproducible in in vivo experiments. Occasionally, constituents can be incompatible with other components in the formulation or have undesirable properties, consequently, nanotechnological strategies have attempted to enhance their efficacy. The nanosystems can increase selectivity and activity, protect against thermal- or photodegradation, reduce side effects, promote sustained release of active constituents, or
reduce the required dose, generally resulting in improved activity [1]. Nanostructures are usually assumed as a new phenomenon, but nature is all about nanoscale structures. A variety of functional nanostructures are present in nature and biology plays around with the molecular scale all the time, it is the level at which all biological reactions occur [2]. Nanomedicine is crucial in developing appropriate therapeutic treatments of emerging extracts with pleiotropic functions, including essential oils [3] and widely marketed ginseng, green tea, ginkgo, and milk thistle extracts [1, 4].
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
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Acknowledgement: This work was supported by Ente Cassa di Risparmio Firenze, 2015.
References:
1. Bilia AR, Piazzini V, Guccione C, Risaliti L, Asprea M, Capecchi G, Bergonzi MC. 2017. Planta Med. 83(05): 366-381.
2. Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. Editorial. Planta Med. 2017, 83(05):365.
3. Bilia AR, Guccione C, Isacchi B, Righeschi C, Firen-zuoli F, Bergonzi MC. 2014. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014:651593.
4. Piazzini V, Rosseti C, Bigagli E, Luceri C, Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. 2017. Planta Med. May 4. doi: 10.1055/ s-0043-110052.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THYMUS LONGICAULIS IN COMPARISON WITH THYMUS VULGARIS
© Marija Kindl1, Franz Bucar2, Biljana Blazekovic1, Maja Bival Stefan1, Sanda Vladimir-Knezevic1
1 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia;
2 Karl-Franzens-University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Graz, Austria
Thymus longicaulis C. Presl (Lamiaceae) is a small aromatic perennial herb and a typical representative of the Illyric-Mediterranean flora. It is a traditional remedy for cold, flu, cough, nephritis and abdominal pain
[1]. This study was aimed to evaluate phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of T. longicaulis wild-growing in Croatia. In order to find the possibility of its use in modern phytotherapy, the results were compared with those obtained for T. vulgaris, as the officially recognised medicinal plant within the genus Thymus
[2]. The presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the methanolic extracts and terpenes from the essential oil was detected by TLC. Chromatographic profiles were established for the studied plant extracts by LC-ESI-MS/MS and RP-HPLC-DAD analysis. All detected phenolic acids belonged to derivatives of rosmarinic acid, while all identified flavonoids were flavons. Rosmarinic acid was found to be the most abundant polyphenolic constituent (48 mg/g) while among flavonoids luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was present with
the highest concentration (14 mg/g). The extraction yield (V/m) of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation was 1.7%. According to GC-MS analysis forty three compounds were identified, representing 99.7% of the total oil. The essential oil was characterised by a high percentage of the monoterpene fraction (95%) with a prevalence of oxygenated monoterpenes (61%). Thymol (43%), p-cymene (18%) and y-terpinene (11%) were identified as the most abundant compounds. Owing to its phytochemical composition comparable to those of T. vulgaris, this medicinal plant could be considered as a new source of the pharmacopoeial herbal drugs Thymi herba and Thymi aetheroleum.
References:
1. Vladimir-Knezevic S, Kosalec I, Babac M, Petrovic M, Ralic J, Matica B, Blazekovic B. 2012. Cent Eur J Biol. 7:1109-1115.
2. European Pharmacopoeia, 9th ed., Council of Europe: Strasbourg, France, 2017:1538-1541.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO SYNERGY BETWEEN TANREQING INJECTION AND ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
© Wei Feng Yang1, Jue Ling Liu1, Biljana Blazekovic2, Ya Nan Sun1, Shu Hua Ma1, Chuan Yun Ren3, Sanda Vladimir-Knezevic2, Yi Wang 1
1 China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Experimental Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China;
2 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia;
3 Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
In light of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance and lack of new drugs, herbal drug and antibiotic combination may represent an interesting therapy option for treat multidrug resistant bacteria. The
Tanreqing injection is Chinese herbal preparation made from Scutellariae radix (Huang Qin), Ursi fel (Xiong Dan), Naemorhedi cornu (Shan Yang Jiao), Lonicerae flos (Jin Yin Hua) and Forsythiae fructus (Lian Qiao).
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