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3EDUCATIONAL IMPORTANCE OF MORAL VALUES IN THE WORKS OF MAGTYMGULY PYRAGY Ataniyazova B.1, Jeyhunov A.J.2
1Ataniyazova Bahar - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF MIDDLE EASTERN LANGUAGES, DOVLETMAMMET AZADI TURKMEN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WORLD
LANGUAGES;
2Jeyhunov Atajan Jeyhun ogly - Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH STYLISTICS AND GRAMMAR MAGTYMGULY TURKMEN STATE UNIVERSITY, ASHGABAT, TURKMENISTAN
Abstract: this article praises Magtymguly Pyragy, an 18th-century Turkmen poet and thinker, as a key figure in national identity and education. It highlights his enduring influence through popular reception and the pronouncements of the National Leader of Turkmen people Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. The article emphasizes Magtymguly's role as a "model school" for educating the young generation and a "spiritual doctor" who provides guidance on life's important questions. It also underscores the universality of his themes, including love for country, humanity and nature.
Keywords: Magtymguly Pyragy, Turkmen literature, education, morality, hospitality, friendship.
УДК 821.161.1.09
Magtymguly Pyragy was a great thinker who lived in the 18th century and created a model school of educating the young generation with his inspiring poems. He is a classical poet of the Turkmen people. The role of Wise Poet in the history of world culture was described by the famous orientalist academician V.W. Bartold saying that "Among the Turkic peoples, only Turkmens have national poets like Magtymguly" [3, 185].
Magtymguly Pyragy is a great thinker who has a permanent place in the hearts of our people with his poetry. It is a model school for generational education. The recognized national leader of the Turkmen people says about the sage of our Hero Arkadag: "The greatest belief in the soul of the great Turkmen, and the pebble that analyzes the good and the bad of life without error, shined into his mind as an unquenchable light" [6, 3].
Magtymguly Pyragy is a folk poet. His poems have been passed on to his people. He filtered the events and thoughts expressed in his works from the life of the people and returned them to his people in a simple and understandable language. That's why the people read and studied the poet's poems with great admiration, and gained guidance for their lives. The national leader of the
Turkmen people, our Hero Arkadag, "Magtymguly is the spiritual doctor of the human soul. He says that the poet's poems do not lose their value even though the times change and the times change, but their value increases due to the fact that the exhortations in them are absorbed into the soul, they make people happy, and they excite people" [6, 4-5].
The poet's work was multifaceted. A thinker seeks answers to the important questions of human life in his poetry. This is the truth of our Hero Arkadag "Magtymguly's poetic-philosophical literary legacy is a song of great love for the Great Creator, Motherland, man, nature, and human life, and has taken an eternal place in the hearts of the people. If the value of his poetry left to us is evaluated only in terms of artistic words and poetry, if Magtymguly is considered only as a poet, then it will be neglected. He is a wise poet who developed the philosophical ideas not only of the Turkmen people, but also of the world, enlightened the artistic mind, and artistically reflected the secular life. Magtymguly united his philosophical views on the world, humanity, Motherland, love with delicate human feelings, expertly used the most perfect ways of thinking, penetrated into the human soul and took a permanent place in the people's history" [6, 3] he expressed through the lines.
Our forefathers attached great importance to the upbringing of fhildren. He considered the child to be the crown of the family's head and the joy of his eyes. This can be seen from the folk saying "A child is sweeter than honey" [7, 321]. Our people have connected their love for children with their manners by saying "From childhood, from the beginning of education" [7, 92]. They started their upbringing from an early age and continued it continuously. It aims to inculcate noble qualities in children, such as respecting the elder, respecting the younger, and establishing friendship and brotherhood. Our elders have learned from their own life experience that the principles of public education are of great importance in raising children. Therefore, when they raised their children, they skillfully used the national educational principles and spiritual and moral values specific to our people.
One of the most famous forms of pedagogical principles specific to the Turkmen people is also an example. In his book " Turkmenin dowletlilik yorelgesi", our hero Arkadag wrote: "Being humane is a great principle that honours the life of every Turkmen. Otherwise, who you are and what good things you have done for your country will not be appreciated. Because goodness is a good example. And to set an example is to spread with goodness" [1, 67].
In the family, the role of the mother in the upbringing of the girl is great. It is the responsibility of the woman to set a good example for the child and to maintain the unity of the family. Parenting becomes more effective when a mother uses her own personal example as a form of parenting to help a daughter to be able to do everything she needs to do. This is fully confirmed by the folk saying "Like mother, like her daughter" [9].
Magtymguly's poems are distinguished by their versatility, variety, richness of meaning and artistry [3, 184]. In the work of the poet, education is also important in example, which is one of the most reliable types. The wise poet, through his personal example, tried to inculcate in the younger generation moral qualities that adorn the personality. We refer to the poet's works: Owwal, Magtymguly, ozun duzetgil ,
Ozuni sen ozgelere goz etgil" [4, 266] In his work, Magtymguly Pyragy defined the moral norms that must be fulfilled between children and parents, students and mentors, children and adults, and paid attention to the fact that members of society should fulfill their duties and ensure the unity of society.
Another national value of our people is hospitality. Our hero Arkadag says that "Hospitality is a perfect image of spiritual and moral beauty of Turkmen" [9]. Armeni Vamberi, who traveled to Central Asia in the second half of the 19th century, wrote about the hospitality of the Turkmen people in his work: "There is no nation in the world as hospitable as the Turkmen people." They live freely in their own country. If you are a guest, they greet you with a smile on their face. It is difficult to describe the hospitality of the Turkmens with a pen" [9] through the lines.
Turkmen people are considered open-minded and hospitable people. This is fully confirmed by the popular opinion that "The guest is greater than your father" [9]. This wonderful value of our people is expressed by the poet in the poem " Goze myhmandyr":
Gelen a§ diyip gelmez, tur§utmagyl yuz,
Nana mata? daldir, soze myhmandyr [6, 323] - expressed through words. He encouraged our people to welcome the guest with a smiling face and kind words.
Adhering to the wisdom of our wise people that "a good word will let a snake out of its kennel", he attached special importance to being kind and polite in dealing with people. The poet's attitude in this regard: Bir yaman soz yurek bular,
Yag§yny alem arzuwlar [2, 139].
or
Gepin tapyp, yag§y sozlan, Misli dur sa?an yalydyr [2, 139]
There is an opinion among the people that "A person who does not read a book will see what he sees, and a person who reads a book will see the world" [7, 260]. As you can see from these wise lines, the book enlightens the world in humanity. It broadens the horizons of mankind. It helps him to develop into a perfect person. The poet expressed the importance of the book in human life through simple, short and meaningful lines: "Slaves who read books are more than magic" [5, 21]. The poet has invited our people to read books through these wonderful lines.
Our people, who adhere to the philosophy of "an illetrate man without science live a year, but a literate man lives one thousand years" [7, 269], have attached great importance to the power of science and education to transform society. Because the development of any society and state depends on science, it gets its strength from science. Every activity in society has its own scientific basis and meaning. Science is considered the key to progress and perfection, the main driving force of society's forward movement towards perfection.
A great thinker who admired the power of science to transform society towards perfection:
„Aydar Magtymguly: sozum alemdir, Nesihatym uly ile ylymdyr [4, 166]
The poet calls his people to be scientific and educated through these short and very meaningful beautiful lines.
In his poems, Magtymguly Pyragy attached special importance to the fact that the interests of the nation should be taken into account in the education of the young generation. The intelligent young generation is encouraged to love the country and preserve it as much as possible. He expressed his attitude in this regard:
E§it adam, dogan ilden-Gayry mahriban yurt bolmaz [2, 128] Among the people, "If there is unity in work, there is no need for treasure" [8, 422]. Our forefathers, who followed these principles in their family life, tried to inculcate in their children the habit of living together from an early age.
Magtymguly Pyragy focused his wisdom on the task of realizing the historical dream of the Turkmen people, the desire to build an independent, free state and live in a state. That building an independent and free state can only become a reality through unity:
Konuller, yurekler, bir bolup ba§lar, Tartsa yygyn, erar topraklar, da§lar.
Bir suprada tayyar kylynsa a§lar, Goteriler ol ykbaly turkmenin [6, 7]. Summing up, Magtymguly Pyragy has found an eternal place in the life of the Turkmen people with his inspirational poems. The moral values expressed in the poet's work served as a model school for our people for generations in education.
Reference
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