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Khalikova L.N., doctor of economics Samarkand institute of economics and service
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SAFETY AND PROBLEMS OF
ITS PROVISION
Abstract. The article analyzes approaches that reveal the essence of food safety. The theory of food insecurity has improved according to organizational economic mechanisms.
Keywords. Food safety, food problem, agricultural organization, agro-industrial production.
Nowadays, food security is a very broad concept, which refers to the provision of consumer goods to the needs of the population in accordance with physiological standards. However, it is worrying that the growth of the production volume of food products lags behind the increase in the population and needs, especially in countries where there are insufficient conditions for the development of agriculture and processing industry.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization, more than 840 million people in the world do not have the opportunity to eat enough. This means almost one in eight of the world's population. In addition, more than 30 percent of the planet's population is experiencing the problem of malnutrition, the lack of the most basic microelements and vitamins, which clearly shows how urgent the issue of ensuring food safety is.
It is highly recognized by the international community that Uzbekistan, in addition to ensuring its own food security, makes a worthy contribution to the food supply of foreign countries by exporting fruits and vegetables and other agricultural products. At the 39th conference of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization held in Rome, Italy in June 2015, at the ceremony of awarding the countries that have achieved the Millennium Development Goals, Uzbekistan was among 14 countries with unparalleled achievements in ensuring food security.
In recent years, the ecological factors arising due to climate change around the world are putting new demands on the breeders. Science-based, experimentally tested, adaptable to water shortage and drought conditions, resistant to various pests and diseases, high-yield varieties are required by life itself.
Despite the fact that the average number of the permanent population of the republic will increase by 800 thousand people in 2020, the regular growth of the population's income over the last 20 years has ensured the strengthening of financial opportunities and the increase in the consumption of basic food products by the population. In particular, by the end of 2020, wheat imports amounted to 1.2 billion dollars, an increase of 28% compared to the same period of last year.
In 2020, daily consumption products made up 2.8 million tons of food products and increased by 12%. Meat and meat products increased twice or 19 thousand tonnage.
It should be noted that in the first years of our independence, potatoes, meat and dairy products and other products necessary for consumption were brought from abroad. And today more are being exported to foreign countries.
Before independence, our compatriots could not even imagine today's medical days, comfortable life, incomparable opportunities and cares. After all, they used to work in the fields all their lives, and their cups did not overflow, but they only made a living. And today the peasants and farmers who use the created favorable conditions rationally and selflessly work not only bring benefits to our society, but also encourage themselves. Their earned income serves as a guarantee of a comfortable life of family members, a full table, and the development of our country.
The production of food products for people has been an eternal problem in the world and will always be relevant. Food production is the first condition of life. Therefore, it should be done constantly and in growing volumes, because the population of our planet is increasing.
A threat to food safety means a set of conditions and factors that lead to changes in the unfavorable situation for end consumers in the food market. Food security is affected by external and internal threats. External conditions of threats to food safety are related to the factor of openness of the economy. Internal threats arise under the influence of internal factors that imply changes in public demand and public supply that are formed within the country's economy. One of the important factors affecting the market situation in terms of the supply of agricultural products is the unstable functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy and its negative impact on food security.
The agro-industrial complex is one of the priority sectors of the economy, and its activity largely depends on increasing the welfare of the people, becoming a developed country, and strengthening the political unity of the people.
Food security plays a key role in ensuring people's lives it primarily reflects the social direction aimed at realizing the basic human right to ensure its existence. Food security is an important component of national security, as it ensures the sustainable production of basic food products and their availability to the population.
It is known that there is an important political feature of modern agricultural reform in independent Uzbekistan. Taking into account this characteristic, today it is better to understand that the effectiveness of the renewal of our society in general, the level of development of democratic processes in our country depends on how successful the agricultural reform is, how deeply this process penetrates into all aspects of rural life. As part of the above-mentioned political factor of agricultural reform influencing the formation of civil society foundations, it is
possible to distinguish the issues of ensuring food security and improving the well-being of the people.
Increasing the amount of support for the agricultural sector through the state budget and extra-budgetary funds and expanding the directions, as well as strengthening the mechanisms of indirect support in the form of various privileges and preferences, the country's food support helps to strengthen supply and security
It is known that "food safety" is one of the fundamental concepts of modern economic, legal and political sciences. This concept is synonymous with the concept of "food security", and at the same time, according to the official terminology of the UN, "food policy", "food planning", "food supply", "food needs", "food reserves", and "food resources" are closely related terms. It can be seen that the scope of ensuring food safety is quite broad.
What is the participation of civil society institutions in food supply? Here are some examples.
Uzbekistan has had an irrigation system since ancient times. Irrigated agriculture is the basis of our republic's food independence and the main source of export products. In our country, especially in the years of independence, systematic, consistent and step-by-step attention has been paid to improving land reclamation, increasing their productivity, and improving financing mechanisms.
In the process of re-production, relations between agriculture and industry have a special place. The main function of agriculture is to satisfy the population's need for food, and for raw materials - industry. The uniqueness of agriculture -its management is related to the use of land - the main means of production and the natural environment.
It is known that in the program of measures to support the enterprises of the real sector of the economy, it is envisaged to ensure their stable operation, increase the export potential, and expand the scale of production of their products. The additional measures taken will allow the formation of reliable reserves to ensure the food security of our country at the expense of domestic sources. This is especially important in the context of the increase in the prices of basic food products in the world markets. In turn, these create new, additional obligations to strengthen the education of patriotism and increase the economic culture of the population, especially the youth.
Measures to modernize agricultural production. In recent years, special attention has been paid to modernization of production, technical and technological renewal in the real sectors of our country's economy. Unfortunately, when we say modernization, we are often used to understand the modernization of industrial sectors. However, in addition to industry, there is a great need to modernize the leading sector of our economy, such as agriculture, and to carry out technical and technological work in the entire complex of almost all branches and production areas that are part of it. Therefore, the issues of modernization and promotion of agricultural production to a new level are
becoming one of the urgent tasks of today. In this regard, it is necessary to study and apply the experiences of advanced countries in the fields of cattle breeding, grain breeding, potato breeding, modern irrigation systems, modern energy-saving technology and agro-technologies, which are extremely important in our climate. A complex of specific measures was developed to study, further improve seed-breeding works and increase the productivity of agricultural production.
In the Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy Majlis: "It is known that more than 51 percent of the population of our country lives in rural areas. However, the share of agricultural products in the country's gross domestic product does not exceed 17 percent. The processing volume of agricultural products does not even reach 10%. However, in developed countries, this figure is more than 50 percent. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive program for further agricultural reform.
In particular, it is necessary to pay special attention to solving the problem of food safety, establishing strict control over the cultivation of genetically modified products. The fact that imported fruit and vegetable products are increasing in the markets of our country in recent years should certainly call us to be vigilant. In order to prevent such a situation, first of all, it is necessary to restore ancient varieties that are disappearing, to start selection works rationally and effectively, and to widely introduce scientific achievements and innovative developments in the field.
As for the livestock sector, it is necessary to create sufficient conditions to increase the number of cattle and poultry, to achieve quality and productivity in this regard. In the near future, specialized breeding complexes, high-tech poultry factories, as well as greenhouse farms should be established in each district.
We currently export fruit and vegetable products worth 1.5-2 billion dollars. However, there is an opportunity to export products worth 10-15 billion dollars per year in this field. "Uzagroexport" joint-stock company, stock exchanges, agro-firms and wholesale companies should play a major role in the production and export of products.
Conclusions and suggestions.
- Improving the functioning mechanism of the socio-economic system of ensuring food safety.
- Ensuring the optimal share of food products in the composition of population consumption expenses, in this regard, preventing sharp fluctuations in prices under the influence of various factors
- Foreign trade policy consists of ensuring a positive balance between export and import volumes of food products.
Effective sale of agricultural products is a very important issue. For this purpose, it is necessary to create a single database of information on the size and quantity of products grown on farms.
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