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4OPPORTUNITIES TO ENSURE FOOD SAFETY IN UZBEKISTAN
Asrorov Azizbek Isomiddin ugli
Assistant of department of "Real Economics", SamIES
Annotation. This article highlights the most important problems that need to be addressed in reforming agriculture and ensuring the country's food security. Solutions are proposed to improve the welfare and quality of life of the population, to provide the population with food.
Key words: innovation, food security, investment, food, small business, cluster management, intensification.
The President of our country, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, in his speech at the joint session of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, said, "The issues of agricultural reform and ensuring food security will undoubtedly remain one of the most important tasks for us"[1] - he said. Now the issues of improving the well-being and quality of life of the population, providing the population with food are closely related to the problem of ensuring food safety.
The difference between the rapidly increasing population of the earth and the limited growth opportunities of food production is the main reason why the issue of solving the food program is becoming more acute year by year, and as a result, the ecological degradation of the environment is still continuing. , the unpredictable effects of climate change, frequent droughts and water scarcity, including the depletion of groundwater for irrigation, insufficient investment in irrigation, land reclamation and land restoration are very important problems that require solving in terms of ensuring food safety.
Agriculture is the largest employer in the world. Today, 40 percent of the world's population makes a living through this industry. It is the main source of income and employment for families in poor villages. In developing countries, five
million small farms, mostly dryland, supply 80 percent of food. Therefore, investing in this area will increase the country's ability to supply products to local and foreign markets, as well as ensuring food security for the population.
A global campaign to combat food waste was announced by the UN. This also serves food safety. According to the information of the Organization for the Environment (UNEP) of this structure, 1.3 bln. Tons of food products are thrown away. In order to put an end to the illogical situation of such a waste of blessings, first of all, it is suggested to carefully preserve them and change the conditions of their storage. Some people throw away excess food. A third of the world's food is in waste containers. The world economy is losing nearly a trillion dollars every year," writes the UN.
According to the statistics of the organization, every year in the world about four billion tons of food products are produced, if they are used and distributed wisely, it would actually reach all the people of the planet. Due to the above factors, the prices of food products in the world markets are increasing.
The issue of food safety is a guarantee of ensuring the independence, socioeconomic and political stability of Uzbekistan as well as all other countries. This problem has not lost its relevance in our country. Currently, the demand for food products is increasing, the per capita consumption is increasing due to the growth of the population.
Agriculture is the leading branch of the economy of Uzbekistan. It employs about 3.6 million people, that is, 27% of the people employed in the economy. The sector's share in GDP is equal to 27%, and the land area used in the sector occupies 45% of the territory of the republic. Currently, more than 180 types of agricultural and food products are exported to more than 80 countries. The cluster method of production in agriculture has been introduced and is gaining popularity. This is confirmed by the fact that 62% of agricultural land is covered by cotton and textiles, 8% by livestock and 7.5% by fruit and vegetable production.
There are a number of untapped opportunities for further development of agriculture, increasing farmers' income, ensuring food security and sustainable use of natural resources. The Decree of the Head of State on January 16, 2018 "On measures to further ensure the country's food security" and the strategy for the development of Uzbekistan's agriculture for 2020-2030 are relevant from this point of view.
According to this strategy, as of 2018, the share of undernourished among the population of Uzbekistan is 6.3 percent. Reducing this share to 5% in 2021, to 3% by 2025, and to zero by 2030 is a priority.
The land area used for agriculture in our country decreased from 28080.4 thousand hectares in 1990 to 25621.6 thousand hectares in 2015, i.e. -2458.8 thousand hectares [2]. This indicates that ensuring food safety is of urgent importance.
As a result of the diversification of agriculture in our country, grain independence was achieved in the years of independence, and the production of nutritious agricultural products increased sharply. In 2017, compared to 1991, the production of grain products increased by 4.2 times, potato production by 847.5%, fruits by 595.5%, grapes by 363.9%, vegetable products by 343.9%, sugarcane crops by 226.2%. increased by %[3].
Structural changes are taking place in the livestock sector in our country. The number of big-horned cattle increased by more than 2.4 times, and the number of cows by more than 2 times. As a result of the increase in the number of livestock, the share of livestock products in the total volume of agricultural products increased from 36.6% in 1990 to 41% by 2016. It was achieved mainly due to the increase in the number of livestock in peasant farms [4].
The measures implemented in our country for the development of multi-sectoral farms and peasant farms have resulted in an increase in the volume of agricultural food products and their share in the agricultural sector. As a result of measures taken in our country to intensify and diversify agricultural production,
introduce modern agro-technologies, and improve seed production, the productivity of agricultural crops has increased.
All the problems and artificial g it is necessary to put an end to hunting.
In conclusion, we would like to suggest the following in order to ensure food safety and achieve high efficiency of food production:
- to further strengthen the legislation aimed at ensuring the productive and efficient use of land and water resources in agriculture, to improve the legal and regulatory framework, to achieve a higher share of food products in the composition of agricultural products;
- improvement of the water use system in order to grow agricultural food products in the necessary volumes.
- stimulating the development of food production through budget-tax instruments and monetary policy levers;
- classification of food export and import with customs tariffs and without tariffs and strengthening of support for producers of food products;
- To further encourage investments in the branches of the Agro-industrial Complex (ASM) and the development of the securities market;
- it is appropriate to introduce the practical experiences of foreign countries in achieving high efficiency of food production.
References
1. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Erkin va farovon, demokratik O'zbekiston davlatini mard va olijanob xalqimiz bilan birga quramiz: O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti lavozimiga kirishish tantanali marosimiga bag'ishlangan Oliy Majlis palatalarining qo'shma majlisidagi nutqi.//Xalq so'zi, 2016y.
2. ttps://daryo.uz/k/2018/04/30/ozbekiston-oziq-ovqat-xavfsizligi-reytingidadunyoda-64-orinni-egalladi
3. O'zbekiston hududlarining yillik statistik to'plami. -T., 2017. 87-88 b;
4. Сосиално-экономическое положение Республики Узбекистан за 2017 год. - Т., 2018. - С. 51, 54-55, 57.
