CC BY
24
Draught resistance of supporting-soil crumbles destructing device
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-199-201
Norchaev Davron Rustamovich, the research scientific institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture, senior scientific employee-researcher, doctor of philosophy techniques E-mail: davron_1983k@mail.ru
Draught resistance of supporting-soil crumbles destructing device
Abstract: Design schemes and theoretical bases on determination of draught resistance of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device are specified in the article.
Keywords: elastic rods, disc, resistance, soil, roller, diameter, coefficient, the bed surface.
One of the main tasks of working elements of digging down potato harvesting machines is destruction of the soil formation with tubers of potato beds to sizes smaller than the minimum dimensions of economically suitable tubers, in effort to ensure complete separation of it from the soil. The number of mechanical damages to the tubers should not exceed the limits prescribed by the agro technical requirements. The solution for this problem is very completive, as many of the physical and mechanical properties of the tuber are overlapped with the physical and mechanical properties of soil crumbles. Due to the soil and climatic peculiarities (high summer times temperatures, low relative humidity, soil compaction after irrigation) in the course of harvesting the potato the soil of tuber-carrier reservoir crumbles worse and split into large soil crumbles, having greater hardness than the tubers, thus, makes difficult to selection process from the tubers at crashing machine and elevator. This case complicates, especially on clay and heavy loamy soils that are prone to the formation of lumps when it is processes, which is characteristic of Uzbekistan [1].
In this regard, based on the analysis of frontier part design of the potato digging machines, supporting-soil crumples destructing operating element of the potato diggers have been developed (figure 1, a) by our side. When the unit is moving the supporting-soil crumples destructing roller 1 provides a predetermined depth of excavation and destructs soil lumps of potato beds. Roller 1 is provided with wheels 3 and in running process they cut-over lateral sides of beds and thus reduce the incoming flow of soil to the separating operational elements. Furthermore plowshares dig the remaining part of potato beds, out coming into that operating elements load is decreased. Between the discs 3 flexible rods 2 are installed and in this case they are fixed throughout the perimeter of each disc 3 and are laid out between them. Length of each elastic rod 2 is greater than the distance between the discs 3.
In operation process the wheels 3 with elastic rods 2 copy the surface row-space and in contact with tuber formation reservoir de-struct the surface soil crumbles.
а) b)
Fig.1. Supporting-soil crumbles destructing operational element with elastic rods: and — structural design scheme; b — the working body interaction scheme tuber formation; 1 -soil crumbles destructing roller; 2 — elastic rods; 3 — disc; 4 — axis; 5 — the bed surface
Draught resistance of supporting-soil crumbles destructing device in common background can be expressed base on formula as in the following:
R = 2R + R2 + R3, (1)
where R - general draught resistance of the supporting-soil crumples destructing operating device;
R1 - disc resistance;
R2 - rolling resistance of roller;
R3 - resistance arising from the effects of elastic rods in the bed of potato.
R We determine, using the circuit shown in Figure 2. To do this, select interacting with the soil of the potato beds disc elementary area ds. In this area it operates an elementary normal force
(2) (3)
dN = qds,
where q — soil specific pressure to elementary land area, Pa. It is known [2], that
q=q»K,
where qo - coefficient of extensional soil crumpling, N/m 3;
hn — variable ofsoil crumpling (deformation) at vertical direction, m.
Base on scheme on the fig.2 considering formulas (2) and (3), we all obtain
dN = -
0,5D--few, 11
2sin2 Y3 cosa
-(cosa- cosa0 )da (4)
Section 10. Technical sciences
Taking into consideration of the following formula
a0
R = 2 J dNsin a (sin y + f cosys )da =
0,5Dd - Mgy3
= Mo --rr-2-— h (sin Y, + f cos Y )x
2sin y3
x|l -cosao(l-ln|cosao -1|), where Dd - disc diameter;
(5)
td - disc thickness; Yh - angle of disc sharpening; a0 - soil girth angle of a disc; f - coefficient of soil friction over a disc material. By getting cosa0 though Dd and hn, we all obtain the following:
0,5Dd - hn
cos a = -
(6)
0,5Dj - -4ctgys
where hn - depth of disc i
immersion
into a soil.
Figure 2. Scheme for determining a draught resistance of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device Considering the formulas (6) the formula (5) will be as in the I q~4
following: R2 =0,86 "i "
t
(10)
R = 1«
1 --
0,5Dd - Mgy
. 2 t (sinY+ f c°sr3)x
sin2 ys
/
0,5Dd - hn
0,5Dd --4ctgy
1 - ln
0,5Dd - hn
0,5 Dd d ctgy 3
(7)
From the implemented analysis on above formula it is obvious that the draught resistance of a disc of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device depends on its diameter, thickness, sharpening angle and depth of immersion into the potato bed, as well as physical and mechanical properties of the soil ( f ,qo).
In effort to determine R2, the formula Grandvuane-Goryachkin [2, 3] will be used
(b + 3a + 2c +1, )qD2'
V avr 0 ; lo r
Resistance R3 arising from the interaction ofpotato layer with elastic rods is determined by the applying of the formula (10) of kn coefficient that considers auxiliary resistance arising from the interaction of the potato layer with elastic rods, that is,
R3 = knR2, (11)
By putting into the obtained values of R^ R2, R3 forces at (1), we will obtain the formula for determining the general draught resistance of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device. t„
0,5D, - -4'-etgy3 R = 2q. --T777-— t> (sin Y + f cos Y, ) x
sin y,
R2 = 0,86 ■
Q
(8)
\B q D1
0 10 r
where Qv - vertical load onto the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device;
D - roller diameter;
r '
Bo - width of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device. Width Bo of supporting-soil crumbles destructing device is selected out of exclusion term on cutting-over of potato tuber by its discs.
This is ensured in case if
B0 = b + 3a + 2c +10, (9)
0 avr 0 > J
where bavr - average value of tuber nests width;
o - average quadratic deviation of tuber nests width; c - allowance for machine horizontal oscillations. Taking into consideration of formulas (9) the formula (8) will be as in the following:
1 --
0,5Dd - hn
0,5 D}--ctgY
1 - ln
0,5Dd -hn
0,5Dj — ctgY
(12)
+0,86 •
Qb
(bp + 3a + 2c +1, )qDr
"(I + kn ).
From the implemented analysis on above formula it is obvious that draught resistance of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device depends on its parameters (Dg, Dr t, Bo), as well as the soil physical and mechanical properties (qo, f). By accepting j=30°, D3=0,50^0,55m, Dk=0,30m, t=0,005m, gavr=0,21m, c=0,05m,
\t aVV j=0,03m,
q = 1 2 • 106__we will obtain, that draught
> 3 1 r n"""1 -1 r '
m
3 andf=0,5774 base on the formula (12)
resistance of the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device ofpotato digging machine varies within the range of 0,33^0,35 kN.
+
The main ways to reduce energy costs at the enterprises of the cement industry of Uzbekistan
References:
1. Baymetov R. I., Norchaev D. R. Efficiency of applying the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device in potatoes digging//European Applied Science: modern approaches in scientific researches: 2nd International Scientefic Conference. - Stuttgart, - 2013. - P. 171-173.
2. Klenin N. I., Sakun V. A. Agricultural and irrigational machines. - M.: Kolos, - 1980. - P. 671.
3. Bayboboev N. G. Enhancing and substantiating the parameters if supporting-copying soil crumbles destructing device of the potatoes digging machine.: Abstract of dissertation cand. ... techn.sciences. - M.: - 1985. - P. 21.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-201-203
Odamov Umarbay Omanovich, Institute of Energy and Automation of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic Uzbekistan, Head of laboratory, Ph. D., Senior Research Associate E-mail: umarbay@mail.ru
The main ways to reduce energy costs at the enterprises of the cement industry of Uzbekistan
Abstract: At the article are presented the results of research on more efficient use of fuel and energy resources in cement production. There are defined objectives and main ways of reducing energy consumption in the cement industry.
Keywords: energy expenses, energy-saving, energy consumption, energy efficiency, optimal allocation of energy resources.
One ofthe strategic directions ofthe economy ofthe Republic of Uzbekistan is a more efficient use of energy resources in the industry. According to the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan May 5, 2015 PP-2343 "About the program to reduce the energy intensity of the measures, the introduction of energy saving technologies in the fields ofeconomy and social sphere for 2015-2019" [1], provides for significantly reduced energy use in large industrial enterprises. In this regard, the reduction of energy consumption and improving energy efficiency in the industry while maintaining the quality of products today has become an urgent task of the republic.
In Uzbekistan, cement is produced through «wet» technology and the «dry» method. According to the technology of «wet» method cement plants consume about 90% of fuel and 10% of electricity, and the technology of «dry» way is to consume about 60% of fuel and 40% of electricity.
According to preliminary studies of consumption of fuel and energy resources at the enterprises of the cement industry it is determined that the main consumer of fuel (natural gas) is burning and the main consumers of electricity are grinding plant, raw plant, roasting plant and the compressor plant. To improve the efficiency
At present time in Uzbekistan there are four major cement producing enterprices. Cement production increased from 3.28 million tons in 2000 to 7.4 million tons in 2015. It is projected that cement production in Uzbekistan will grow annually by an average of 3.5% in 2019 to reach 8.9 million tons. These parameters are defined in the program of measures to ensure structural reforms, modernization and diversification of production in the years 2015-2019. [2] Tablel shows the volume of production of cement plants of Uzbekistan for 2011-2015.
1.
of fuel and energy resources in cement production is necessary to investigate the following tasks:
1. To reduce the fuel consumption of clinker burning is necessary to examine the methodology to minimize fuel consumption process by calculating the thermodynamic sound volumes of fuel consumption and approaching them by optimizing heat transfer between the processes, methods and characteristics of fuel supply processes.
2. It is necessary to develop methods and means of control of physical and chemical process of combustion of fuel in the kilns, and automation of the optimum combustion control.
Table
№ Name Capacity, (thou- The volume of cement production by years (thousand tons)
Company sand tons) 2011 year 2012 year 2013 year 2014 year 2015 year
1. Joint-stock company JSC "Ahangarance-ment (Wet process) 1736 1651 1534 1620 1701 1730
2. Joint-stock company JSC "Kuvasayce-ment" (Wet process) 1001 1065 1042 1030 1039 1080
3. Joint-stock company JSC "Bekabadce-ment" including: 1714 817 925 1006 1018 1130
- Wet method 714 817 925 695 585 490
- Dry process (from 2013) 1000 - - 323 413 640
4. Joint-stock company JSC "Kizilqumce-ment" (Dry process) 3080 3165 3282 3334 3450 3460
Total: 7531 6698 6783 6990 7208 7400
Growth rate X 101,08 101,27 103,05 103,1 102,7
