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The main ways to reduce energy costs at the enterprises of the cement industry of Uzbekistan
References:
1. Baymetov R. I., Norchaev D. R. Efficiency of applying the supporting-soil crumbles destructing device in potatoes digging//European Applied Science: modern approaches in scientific researches: 2nd International Scientefic Conference. - Stuttgart, - 2013. - P. 171-173.
2. Klenin N. I., Sakun V. A. Agricultural and irrigational machines. - M.: Kolos, - 1980. - P. 671.
3. Bayboboev N. G. Enhancing and substantiating the parameters if supporting-copying soil crumbles destructing device of the potatoes digging machine.: Abstract of dissertation cand. ... techn.sciences. - M.: - 1985. - P. 21.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-201-203
Odamov Umarbay Omanovich, Institute of Energy and Automation of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic Uzbekistan, Head of laboratory, Ph. D., Senior Research Associate E-mail: umarbay@mail.ru
The main ways to reduce energy costs at the enterprises of the cement industry of Uzbekistan
Abstract: At the article are presented the results of research on more efficient use of fuel and energy resources in cement production. There are defined objectives and main ways of reducing energy consumption in the cement industry.
Keywords: energy expenses, energy-saving, energy consumption, energy efficiency, optimal allocation of energy resources.
One ofthe strategic directions ofthe economy ofthe Republic of Uzbekistan is a more efficient use of energy resources in the industry. According to the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan May 5, 2015 PP-2343 "About the program to reduce the energy intensity of the measures, the introduction of energy saving technologies in the fields ofeconomy and social sphere for 2015-2019" [1], provides for significantly reduced energy use in large industrial enterprises. In this regard, the reduction of energy consumption and improving energy efficiency in the industry while maintaining the quality of products today has become an urgent task of the republic.
In Uzbekistan, cement is produced through «wet» technology and the «dry» method. According to the technology of «wet» method cement plants consume about 90% of fuel and 10% of electricity, and the technology of «dry» way is to consume about 60% of fuel and 40% of electricity.
According to preliminary studies of consumption of fuel and energy resources at the enterprises of the cement industry it is determined that the main consumer of fuel (natural gas) is burning and the main consumers of electricity are grinding plant, raw plant, roasting plant and the compressor plant. To improve the efficiency
At present time in Uzbekistan there are four major cement producing enterprices. Cement production increased from 3.28 million tons in 2000 to 7.4 million tons in 2015. It is projected that cement production in Uzbekistan will grow annually by an average of 3.5% in 2019 to reach 8.9 million tons. These parameters are defined in the program of measures to ensure structural reforms, modernization and diversification of production in the years 2015-2019. [2] Tablel shows the volume of production of cement plants of Uzbekistan for 2011-2015.
1.
of fuel and energy resources in cement production is necessary to investigate the following tasks:
1. To reduce the fuel consumption of clinker burning is necessary to examine the methodology to minimize fuel consumption process by calculating the thermodynamic sound volumes of fuel consumption and approaching them by optimizing heat transfer between the processes, methods and characteristics of fuel supply processes.
2. It is necessary to develop methods and means of control of physical and chemical process of combustion of fuel in the kilns, and automation of the optimum combustion control.
Table
№ Name Capacity, (thou- The volume of cement production by years (thousand tons)
Company sand tons) 2011 year 2012 year 2013 year 2014 year 2015 year
1. Joint-stock company JSC "Ahangarance-ment (Wet process) 1736 1651 1534 1620 1701 1730
2. Joint-stock company JSC "Kuvasayce-ment" (Wet process) 1001 1065 1042 1030 1039 1080
3. Joint-stock company JSC "Bekabadce-ment" including: 1714 817 925 1006 1018 1130
- Wet method 714 817 925 695 585 490
- Dry process (from 2013) 1000 - - 323 413 640
4. Joint-stock company JSC "Kizilqumce-ment" (Dry process) 3080 3165 3282 3334 3450 3460
Total: 7531 6698 6783 6990 7208 7400
Growth rate X 101,08 101,27 103,05 103,1 102,7
Section 10. Technical sciences
3. In order to reduce energy consumption in energy-intensive departments it is needed to conduct theoretical and experimental studies of energy-efficient process of degeneration of cement clinker in a ball mill.
4. Development of a feasibility study on the replacement of obsolete equipment with modern energy-saving equipment in the process of cement production.
5. For the efficient use of fuel and energy resources in cement production, also it is needed to streamline the consumption of energy and to transfer power to the regulatory framework. Proper organization of rationing of energy consumption is crucial to the implementation of their saving mode. One important factor is the availability of norms of fuel and energy resources for industrial enterprises manufactured products.
The study of best practices shows that the research, development and implementation of the above tasks will enable the reduction of fuel and energy resources in cement production while maintaining product quality.
The real effect of saving fuel and energy resources can only be obtained in the implementation of the above tasks in the cement industry, including the development of technically and economically feasible standards at all levels and a range of products through an integrated approach and modern optimization model, as well as a systematic review of the rules based on the analysis of their performance, keeping the conditions ofproduction, energy surveys
According to a study [3] projects to improve energy efficiency in the cement industry have been introduced. For example JSC "Kizilqumcement" implemented the following measures to improve the energy efficiency of the enterprise:
1. To improve the performance and optimization of the mill cement grinding process in order to produce high-quality cement using local raw materials in place of a closed cement grinding cycle by installing a high-efficiency separator to cement mill plant. Installing high-efficiency separator should provide:
— Issue with no additional PC 400D0 cements with a specific surface according to Blaine of 3000 cm 2/g;
— The release of high-quality cement without additional PC 500D0 with a specific surface according to Blaine of4500 cm 2/g;
— The specific energy consumption for grinding: 30 kW-h/t of cement production PC 400D0 to 48 kW-h/t of cement production PC 500D0.
— Localization and improvement of the quality of products by using local raw materials;
— Control output data and archiving, both the operator and the controller;
— Monitoring and diagnostics of equipment, electric drives and control systems;
— The availability of built-in hardware diagnostics system and self-test software and hardware complex control systems;
— Displays information on print on demand operator;
— The conclusion of the emergency communications;
— Performance monitoring system.
2. Implemented automated flue gas composition analysis system at the rotary kiln in the clinker burning process with the installation of modern gas analyzers for the determination of CH4, CO, CO3, NO, SO2, O2 in order to maintain the feedback and active influence on the course of the clinker burning process when you reject it from specified process parameters.
The automated system should ensure:
— Monitoring process parameters of clinker burning process in real time;
— Compliance with the technological instructions for temperature regimes clinker burning;
— The choice of a rational mode of fuel combustion;
— Control of combustion efficiency;
— To change the settings for the operator of the gas meter to the oven with a workstation, depending on the value of the coefficient of excess air;
— Indication and control data received CH4, CO, CO3, NO, SO2, O2 and archiving as an operator workstation, and a panel controller;
— The conclusion of the emergency communications;
— Transparency and provide further integration of the hierarchical scheme with an automated system of technical accounting and certification cement.
According to technical and economic calculations [3], the introduction of new highly advanced technologies will allow for:
first — improving the quality of products;
second — reducing gas consumption by 11.7%;
thirdly — increase the furnace capacity by 6.4%;
fourth — lining life increase of 1.5%;
fifth — reducing emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of 1.0%.
The second enterprise for the production volume of products is JSC "Bekabadcement" — the only company in the country, which combines the two cement production technology — wet and dry methods. On March 23, 2013 there was launched construction of a new production line for the production of cement clinker through dry process has been completed. The design capacity of the new line — 2500 tons per day or 750 000 tons of clinker per year, which makes it possible to produce more than 1 million tons of cement per year.
In order to modernize and improve the efficiency ofproduction, the factory introduced and implemented numerous projects for the decommissioning of obsolete equipment and mechanisms, developed new technological solutions aiming improved energy efficiency.
1. Modernization of the silo farm will provide electricity consumption reduction of about 23% compressor shop; increase the number of points of shipment and their location, as well as speed of loading, increase productivity of cement shipment systems in railway carriages and motor vehicles for the transport of cement.
2. By upgrading the milling department with the installation of a new cement mill, capacity up to 150 tons per hour. Modernizations of the existing system of grinding mill № 3 will increase the average daily performance of the mill installation to 2015,7 tons, and will reduce the energy consumption at a daily capacity 2,400 tons to 54,240 kWh.
3. Modernization of the component dispensing system for cement grinding cement mills, installing of automated belt weighed 3 pieces.
Replacement of disc feeders on energy-saving automated weightier will accelerate the process of compounding, increase the efficiency of the production process, reduce maintenance costs, and will achieve maximum accuracy of weighing and batching. Reducing the consumption of electricity per day to 134.65 kW^h.
Increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption in the production as a whole will increase the competitiveness of the industry in Uzbekistan and release part of the limited gas resources and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Physical principles of dry vegetables fruit products under the influence of Infrared
References:
1. Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan from May 5, 2015 PP-2343 "About the program to reduce the energy intensity of the measures, the introduction of energy saving technologies in the fields of economy and social sphere for - 2015-2019."
2. URL: http: www.uzsm.uz Joint Stock Company "UZBUILDMATERIALS".
3. Feasibility study on the introduction of automated system flue gas composition analysis system at the rotary kilns.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-203-205
Rakhmatov Gulomjon Rahmonberdievich, Ferghana State University, senior researcher E-mail: gulomjon.rahmatov@mail.ru
Physical principles of dry vegetables fruit products under the influence of Infrared
Abstract: This article analyzes the physical nature of drying vegetable-fruit products under the influence of infrared radiation, the mechanisms of interaction of infrared radiation with the products. It is shown selecting effective paths ceramic infrared radiation sources.
Keywords: electromagnetic wave, infrared wave spectra, drying, heat exchange, ceramics, thermal radiation, convection, the motion of atoms and molecules, the radiation range.
As is known, in the Republic of Uzbekistan ovoschoplodovye products matures in the short flying time, three to four months of the year. To ensure the needs of the population for these products throughout the year, there is a storage problem. Traditionally, this problem can be solved in two ways; First, the product is stored in the refrigerator, it requires huge holodylnye area and great energy. Second, the products initially osushivaetsya, then stored in special places. The second method is more efficient than the first, but the process of drying the products is different.
Before and currently drying products carried on the areas under the rays of sunlight. This process is done in two ways; under the direct rays of sunlight in open areas, or drying of the products is carried out under the eaves, that is, in a shady area of the canopy. In contrast to the first, in the second case the drained products have high quality, preserving the natural biological primary structural parameters, ie, It is environmentally friendly. However, here as in the first case for large drying space drying required.
In recent years, to accomplish this task, dryers are used, so-called ovens. In these devices ovoschoplodovye osushivaetsya products under the influence of infrared radiation. Operation is that the products for drying is subjected to an intense irradiation of infrared radiation. To do this, stir the food in a special case, where the radiation source is installed. For the production of source is a quartz tube, inside which posted electric spiral from the outside of the tube are applied to a layer of special ceramics. When a current is passed through a spiral tube is heated, and the ceramic layer emits infrared rays.
The collection of articles [1], the economic and technical characteristics of the dryers of various designs manufactured in the country and abroad. And in the monograph [2], describes the effect of infrared radiation on biological organisms, medical applications, and the basics of drying ovoshoplodovyh products. In these studies focuses on the improvement and optimization of the technical characteristics dryers. But the physical mechanisms of interaction of radiation with the products and the spectral characteristics of the radiation is not discussed.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the spectral characteristics of the source and absorbing infrared radiation environments,
as well as mechanisms for the process of drying ovoschoplodovyh products.
You can put a primitive question why when irradiated with infrared rays wet bodies drainage occurs, ie, It evaporates. In the academic literature on the physics of the process is due to evaporation from the viewpoint of molecular — kinetic theory. According to this theory, when heated liquids or gases molecules get heat energy. In the molecules initially excited by the internal rotational and vibrational motion, and then increases the energy of translational motion. The molecules get enough required kinetic energy of the surface tension of the fluid overcoming the forces leave. Such a process in wet bodies, lead to their drainage.
For drying wet bodies require a continuous heat transfer. In nature, there are three types of heat, conduction, convection and radiation through electromagnetic [3]. In the first case the heat transfer medium fills the required space between the heat source and the heating body. In the latter case, great masses of gas and liquid is carried in the space and cause it to heat exchange. In the third case, the energy is transferred in form of electromagnetic radiation, and is not required medium for transfer of heat. Infrared radiation is a carrier of thermal energy in the literature and are often referred to as infrared thermal radiation.
In the absorption of infrared radiation bodies in the molecules forming the body, the internal excited rotational, vibrational and translational motion of the molecule as a whole. If the molecule is in an excited state, the molecule within the complex movement occurs and this leads to a change in the overall dipole moment of the molecule and is observed in the infrared radiation range. The spectral composition of the radiation depends on the internal structure and the symmetry of the molecule.
The drying process is associated with the evaporation of water molecules from the surface of the product for this reason, first analyze water absorption and emission spectra. A molecule of water (H2O) is a triatomic molecules and vibration theory has three vibration (vibration) and three rotational (rotary) movement. Figure 1 shows schematic representations of six independent movement of the water molecule [4].
