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Tukhtakuziev Abdusalim, chief of laboratory, Scientific research institute of mechanization and agriculture electrification Republic of Uzbekistan, Ergashev Ma'rufjon Muhammadjonovich, senior scientific researcher, Scientific research institute of mechanization and agriculture electrification Republic of Uzbekistan, E-mail: maruf19840710@mail.ru
RESEARCHING THE UNIFORMITY OF DISK HARROW RUNNING THROUGHOUT THE TILLAGE DEPTH
Abstract: The results of implemented researches in order to ensure the uniformity of disk harrow throughout the tillage depth with operating elements, installed on the framework at individual case at two rows are specified in this article.
Keywords: disk harrow, uniformity of tillage depth, force influence on a harrow, instantaneous center of rotation of a harrow, inclination corner of a line passing through appendix point of harrows traction resistance and instantaneous center of rotation to horizon.
Тухтакузиев Абдусалим, руководитель лаборатории, научно-исследовательский институт механизации и электрификации сельского хозяйства
Республика Узбекистан, Эргашев Маъруфжон Мухаммаджонович, старший научный сотрудник-исследователь, научно-исследовательский институт механизации и электрификации сельского хозяйства
Республика Узбекистан, E-mail: maruf19840710@mail.ru
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАВНОМЕРНОСТИ ХОДА ДИСКОВОЙ БОРОНЫ ПО ГЛУБИНЕ ОБРАБОТКИ
Аннотация: В статье приведены результаты проведенных исследований по обеспечению равномерности хода по глубине обработки дисковой бороны с рабочими органами, установленными на раме в индивидуальном порядке в два ряда.
Ключевые слова: дисковая борона, равномерность глубины обработки, силы, действующие на борону, мгновенный центр вращения бороны, угол наклона линии, проходящей через точку приложения тягового сопротивления бороны и мгновенный центр ее вращения, к горизонту.
Uniformity of the disk harrow motion throughout the tillage depth is one of the main operation performances of all soil tillage machines. At the event if the required uniformity of the disk harrow motion is achieved, consequently uniformity of the soil tillage depth all over field the favorable conditions will be
provided for equal grow and developing of the plants as well as its simultaneous maturing [1].
The results of implemented researches in order to ensure the uniformity of disk harrow throughout the tillage depth with operating elements, installed on the framework at individual case at two rows (fig. 1) are specified in this article.
Figure 1. Scheme forces influencing onto the hitched disk harrow in the work process
(1)
According to fig.1 the uniformity term of tillage proceeding of harrow being considered will be specified as in the following:
Mg( + XJ-Rz 1 (e + X,)-Rz2 (e + Lh + Xj--Rx 1 (( -pi-zn)-Rx2(( -p2 -Zn) = 0,
where M - harrow mass;
g - acceleration of the free fall; lG - longitudinal distance from the harrow draught center till its lower points of hitch;
Xn, Zn - appropriately longitudinal and vertical distance from the lower points of harrow hitch until its instantaneous rotation center.
R, RZ2 - vertical type reaction of soil, attached to the operating elements appropriately of the first and the second row of harrow;
R , RX2 - draught resistance of operating elements of the first and the second row of harrow;
Lh - longitudinal distance between operating elements of harrow;
e - longitudinal distance from the lower points of harrow hanger till the rotation center of the first row operating elements;
Hl - vertical distance from plane of support till the lower points of harrow hitch
p1, p1 - distance throughout from the lower points operating elements of the first and the second row till the point where RX1 and RX2 forces are attached.
In this case ifwe accept formulas R = RZ2 = RZ, RX1 =
= Rx2 = RX as weH as 1G = e = °.5Lh and P1 = P2 = P = °.5 hd (where hd - tillage depth) (1, 2), let's consider formula
(1) as in the following:
Mg - Rzt - Rxttgah = 0, (2)
where RZt = 2RZ - general vertical reaction of soil to the harrow operating elements;
RXt = 2RX - general draught resistance of harrow;
tgah =
H1 - 0,5hd - ZK e + 0,5Lh + X n
ah - slope angle to line horizon passing through O point of RXt force attachment and instantaneous rotation center of n harrow (fig.2).
By using formula (2) let's determine a force, creating moment (relatively and instantaneous rotation center in effort to sinking the harrow into a soil
Q = Rzt = Mg - Rxttsau. (3)
Due to changeability physical-mechanical properties of soil the draught resistance of R harrow in the
work process will change. It leads to violation of terms (1) and (2), as well as varying the Q force and after sunk depth of harrow operating elements into soil. At a result depth uniformity of the soil being tilled will not be provided. It should be noted that in the event if draught resistance of harrow increased it will result in decreasing Qh force. It outwards in reducing the depth sinking into soil of operating elements of the harrow consequently the depth of soil tillage. By decreasing the draught resistance of harrow the Q force increases and depth of tillage enlarges.
Figure 2. Scheme of ah angle determination
In the event if the velocity of assembly motion is varied it also outwards to varying the RXt and tillage depth. In case if velocity increases RXt force raises, but when it is decreased - it reduces. Appropriately to it the tillage depth is varied, that means due to increasing the velocity it is decreased, by decreasing it enlarges.
As it should be followed from the formula (3) RXt force influence and due to the variability of physical-mechanical properties of soil, as well as velocity of assembly movement to uniformity of disk harrow motion throughout the tillage depth depends on ah angle value. As this angle is less, as RXt force influence will be less and as well as physical-mechanical properties of soil and assembly motion velocity to uniformity of the
harrow motion throughout the tillage depth. The best
result is achieved in case if a. = 0, as this case R_ influh Xt
ences as it is specified on the formula (3) it is excluded onto the uniformity of harrow motion throughout the tillage depth.
So in effort to ensure uniformity of the harrow motion throughout the depth the slope line angle passing through the attachment point of its draught resistance and instantaneous center of rotation at longitudinal-vertical plane, must be possibly minimal or equal to zero.
By using the scheme on the (fig. 2) let's draw ah angle by means of parameters and dimensions of harrow, its hitched installation and tractor hitch device.
a, = arctg jj^ (( + hd - H )) l¡ - 0,25 (( - c )2-(h 3 + hd - H1 ) - X, ] +(hi - 0,5hd ) (H2 - ZB 2)2 - 0,25 H - c )2-(H 3 + hd - H1 )2 - X, ( ( + hd - Hi ) : J H ^ ¡I - 0,25 (( - c ))-(H 3 + hd - H1 )2 ) l¡ - 0, 25 (( - c )2-(h 3 + hd - Hi )
(4)
+ (e + 0,5Lh )
(H2 - ZB U¡ - 0,25(ln - c)2 -(H3 + hd - Hi ) - Xb (H3 + hd - Hi )
where H2 - vertical distance between the lower and upper points of harrow hitch;
H3 - distance throughout the vertical from bearing
c - lateral distance between immovable hinges of the lower longitudinal draughts of tractor hitch device. As far as, in the formula (4), the values H3, XB, ZB,
plane of the tractor till lower immovable hinges A (A) lh, e, c and Lh are known and set to the tractor and har
of its hitch device;
row, and the tillage depth must meet the agrotechnical
XB, ZB - appropriately longitudinal and vertical dis- requirements, and the required uniformity of disc harrow tance between the immovable hinges A (A1) and B of run throughout depth, and consequently the uniformity
lower and central draughts of tractor hitch device;
of tillage depth is achieved mainly due to the correctly
lh - length of lower longitudinal draughts of tractor chosen distances H1 and H2 The distance from the bear-
hitch device;
ing surface of disc harrow to its lower points of hitch
ln - lateral distance between the lower points of disk element and between the lower and upper points of its
hitch;
hitch element. References:
1. Sineokov G. N., Panov I. M. Theory and calculation of soil-cultivating machines. - Moscow: Machinery, - 1977. -328 p.
2. Canarev F. M. Rotary tilling machines and tools. - Moscow: Machinery, - 1983. - 142 p.
