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Distribution of land snail on the vertical zones and biotope species Pseudonapaeus Fergana, Chatkal and Kurama mountain range
Section 1. Biology
Gaipnazarova Feruza, Gulistan state University 4 microdistrict, Gulistan, Uzbekistan E-mail: Feruz.bio@yandex.ru
Distribution of land snail on the vertical zones and biotope species Pseudonapaeus Fergana, Chatkal and Kurama mountain range
Abstract: The landscape-biotopical distribution of land mollusks of Pseudonapaeus genus on the Fergana, Chatkal and Kurama mountain ranges. In the article malocofauna and number of mollusks on the biotopes of the Fergana, Chatkal and Kurama mountain ranges is studies, facts of the landscape-biotpical distribution of land mollusks species of the Pseudonapaeus genus are given. The article studied malacofauna and density of habitats for terrestrial mollusks in the Fergana, Chatkal, Kurama Range, provides data landscape and biotope distribution of terrestrial mollusks species Pseudonapaeus.
Keywords: plants, genus, mollusks, ranges, desert, hill, mountain, pasture, xerophilic-ephemeral, Subalpine zone.
The study of landscape and biotope distribution of species Pseudonapaeus undoubtedly important for practice, as most species of this genus are an important link in the transmission of parasitic diseases of agricultural, fishery and animal pests of cultivated vegetable plants. Interest in the study of terrestrial mollusks is increasing every year, where the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. The distribution of land mollusks of vertical zones and habitats listed in the ranks of [1; 2; 3; 4]. However, over the last 20-25 years have been published series of papers [5; 6] malacofauna of Central Asia, in which representatives of the Pseudonapaeus added another 10 new species for science. In addition, the brought a number of amendments relating mainly detail the geographical distribution of individual speciesof this genus. Above, the data gave rise studying landscape and biotope distribution of terrestrial mollusks species Pseudonapaeus.
Materials and methods. The material for the study is based on the author's fees for the 2011-2012. Held in Fergana, Chatkal and Kurama Mountain Range. In addition, the processed collection of terrestrial mollusks, stored in museums of Gulistan and Samarkand University. When carrying out the following shall apply a uniform methodology to compare the fauna of the individual ranges and areas. The examination took the belt from the bottom up the slopes to the upper chord, in each surveyed all habitats. To identify the number of species was carried out quantitative account of an area of 1 m2.
Results and discussion. As we know, in the lives of terrestrial mollusks vegetation plays an important role. The vegetation is mainly a source of supply for all terrestrial mollusks. In addition, the plant cover is the main habitat where shellfish spend most of the time. Therefore, distribution of land snail species Pseudonapaeus studied against the background of plant communities. According to research K. Z. Zakirova [7], we are interested in the area can be traced to the following high-altitude landscape zone: desert, hill, mountain, pasture.
High-altitude belt - desert. Located at an altitude of450-600 m. above sea level. Most of the territory is used for irrigated agriculture: orchards, vegetable gardens, plantations of alfalfa. In desert zone mal-acofauna studied in the following habitats: along irrigation ditches among grass; the reeds and wet meadows; gardens, orchards and plantations of alfalfa, among sagebrush - suffrutescent plants. We
found that, in the belt desert found 6 species of terrestrial mollusks. However, representatives of the genus Pseudonapaeus were found.
High-altitude belt - Hill. Located at an altitude of600-1200 m. above sea level. It occupies the slopes of different exposures with light brown calcareous soils of different textures, from melkozemes-tyh to strongly erode rocky.
The belt hill malacofauna studied in the following habitats: along rivers among the grasses, dwarf shrubs among under stones, on the banks of Sai on open places.
At times in the biotope hills among dwarf shrubs found under stones. Pseudonapaeus chodschendicus, whose population density is 5-7 specimens per 1 m 2. The belt hills all found 9 species of terrestrial molluscs, of which 1 species belongs to the genus Pseudonapaeus.
High-altitude belt - Mountain. Located at an altitude of 1300-3200 m. above sea level. It is characterized by a significant midland terrain with steep slopes and narrow gorges.
The belt tau studied habitats: under stones among xero-philic-ephemeral vegetation on the slopes among the trees and shrubs in various scree and Saclay, overgrown with grass along streams, in plant residues from juniper.
The biotope trees and shrubs are found: Pseudonapaeus albi-plicata, Ps. sogdiana. The density ofPs. albiplicata 10-12 copies per 1 m., while Ps. sogdiana, this figure is only 2-3 copies.
High-altitude belt - mountain pasture. Located on the heights of 3000-3500 m. and is represented kobrezievymi short grass meadows (wasteland), lawn of fine herbs (viviparous knot-weed, Altai violets, chickweed) steppes and mountain xerophytes. Soil and vegetation belts mosaic, fragmentary. Large areas are occupied by talus and rocks. Poor and distinctive malacofauna this belt. In the belt of mountain pasture- malacofauna studied in the following habitats: along the banks of small streams among the thickets of grass, 4 on the rocks and screed, in the subalpine meadows.
In the belt of mountain pasture- just found 7 species of terrestrial mollusks. The representative of the kind of Pseudonapaeus not found.
Thus, in total, the Kurama Range, we investigated 15 habitats and recorded 35 species of terrestrial mollusks, including 3 species belong to the genus Pseudonapaeus.
Section 1. Biology
The natural conditions ofthe vertical profiles ofFergana and Chat-kal ranges are similar in nature, so the distribution of terrestrial mol-lusks onverticalzones andhabitats we considertogetherthe two ridges. According to research I. V. Vykhodtseva [8], we are interested in the area allocated 6 high altitude landscape belts.
Desert. The absolute height of 500-600 meters. A large part of these territories is used for the needs of agriculture. Almost all of the valleys are covered with orchards, vegetable gardens and plantations of cotton. The desert belt malacofauna studied in the following habitats: gardens gardens; along the ditches, in the grass and under the stones; river terraces, among the thickets herbs on the stems of plants. In this zone in the Fergana Ridge found 11 and Chatkal ridge 9 species of terrestrial mollusks. However, the representative Pseudonapaeus prey kind in the desert was not established. Belt hot foothills, the absolute height are 800-1800 m. It is characterized by the dominance of sagebrush ephemeral semi-desert. Among ephemera and ephemerides dominated viviparous bulbous bluegrass, sedge tolstolobiko-vaya, crow's bows, annual fires, Velcro spring, astragals and others. In this zone are studied following habitats: open spaces among the ephemera and ephemerides foot hills in gravelly places among plants along the rivers and under stones, among the plants.
In the hot zone of the foothills, in the Fergana Ridge 7, Chatkal Ridge found 6 species of terrestrial mollusks. As in the belt of the desert here, a representative of the genus Pseudonapaeus not found.
Beltwarm foothills, altitude 1500-2000 m. Its geobotanical landscapes are distinctive and highly original formation. The belt is characterized by a southern (savanoidnymi) wheatgrass, saryndyzovymi, borodachovymi, ferulic steppes and outcrops with diverse vegetation exposures. There malacofauna studied in the following habitats:
a) among almond on gravelly areas — in the Fergana Ridge found Pseudonapaeus albiplicata, Ps. errand. Whereas in Chatkal is found only Ps. albiplicata; The density of Ps. albiplicata in the Fergana Ridge 15-17 copies per 1 m 2 on Chatkal this figure is only 4-5 copies.
b) on the foot of the slopes, among the thickets of grass and under rocks on the ridge Chatkal found Ps. subobscura, the density of which only 1-2 specimens. In the Fergana Ridge this type does not dwell.
Middle belt of mountains, altitude 2500-3000 m. Is characterized by mountain steppes, tall-meadow steppes and meadows, thickets of mesophilic shrubs, deciduous forests and woodlands. Extensive plot belt is characterized by a complex of highly dissected areas with a relatively "quiet" hilly or steeply sloping terrain. This belt of shellfish live in these habitats: among trees and shrubs, thickets of grasses and shrubs on stony areas, and screen slopes with patches of scrub. The biotope among trees and shrubs in the Fergana Ridge found Pseudonapaeus trigonochilus, Ps.retrodens. Densitypopulation Ps. trigonochilus 20 copies at 1 m 2 from Ps. retrodens 3-4copies. Chatkal ridge on the biotope in this representative of the genus Pseudonapaeus not found. The biotope bush grasses and shrubs on gravelly areas to live. Fergana Ridge: Pseudonapaeus retrodens, Ps. diplus, Ps. albiplicata, Ps. trigonochilus, Ps. goldfussi, Ps. submucronatus. In Chatkal Ridge found Ps. albiplica, ta, Ps. submucronatus. The density of the population of these species varies greatly. For example, if the Fergana Ridge 1 m 2 can detect 13-15 copies. Ps. submucronatus. Whereas in Chatkal is found in a single item.
On the slopes and scree with areas of shrubs in the Fergana Ridge found Pseudonapaeus trigonochilus, the population density is 12-14 copies. per 1 m 2.
Subalpine zone, the absolute height of 3000-3500 m. The subalpine zone in geobotanical aspect is the subalpine zone subalpine meadows, juniper and dwarf shrubs elm long-manned. This belt examined creeping juniper shrub with undergrowth, litter under shrubs in the Fergana ridge dwells Ps. trigonochilus. In hatkal Ps. albiplicata. In the alpine zone in the studied mountain ranges representative of the genus Pseudonapaeus not found. Thus, in the Fergana ridge just inhabits 41 species of terrestrial mollusks are 8 species of the genus Pseudonapaeus. In Chatkal Ridge found 37 species of these 4 species are subject to the genus Pseudonapaeus. As can be seen from the data the highest density of terrestrial mollusks of the genus Pseudonapaeus. Different habitats — including trees and shrubs (20 cop. 1 m 2) Ps. Subobscura at the foot of the slopes, among the thickets of grass and under the stones found in the density of whichonly 1-2 copies. The dominant species is the Ps. trigonochilus population density of 20 copies per 1 m 2.
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