127CURRENT ISSUES OF MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY
Sevara Abduvaliyevna Axmedova
Student, Chirchik State Pedagogical University
Scientific advisor: Diana Valeryevna Abduramanova
Senior teacher, Chirchik State Pedagogical University diana1207saliyeva@gmail .com
This article offers broad theoretical perspectives on lexicography. The research is based on the difficulties of dictionary compilation, their solutions, and their occurrence in English lexicography. The discussion of complex tasks, such as the development of our own national dictionary based on the experience of creating a compendium, forms the basis of the study of the structural characteristics of popular dictionaries.
Keywords: lexicography, dictionaries, word meaning, descriptive material, compilers, frequency of meaning use.
Introduction
Lexicography (from Greek lexicon - dictionary and grapho - to write) is the study of the theoretical and practical principles of constructing dictionaries. The specialists who compile dictionaries are known as lexicographers. Lexicography is responsible for developing the principles and methodology of dictionary creation, organizing the work of a lexicographer, and creating, systematizing, and maintaining card files that serve as the basis for dictionary creation.
The most pressing issues in lexicography concern the selection of key words, the location and composition of word combinations, the principles governing the definition of meaning, and the semantic and functional classification of words. As dictionaries and their types increase, these issues are gradually being resolved.
Literature analysis and methodology
The most important problems of modern lexicography are related to:
1) selection of lexical units;
2) location of selected lexical units;
ABSTRACT
3) adjusting the record;
4) selection and arrangement of word meanings;
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5) definition of meanings;
6) visual material.
The issue of selecting lexical units. The selection of lexical units for inclusion in dictionaries is one of the lexicographer's first challenges. For this purpose, the lexicographer considers the following:
a) what types of lexical units are selected for inclusion; b) the number of these elements; c) what can be selected and what can be deleted from the dictionary; d) whether the dictionary should reflect spoken or written language, or both; and e) whether the dictionary should include obsolete units, technical terms, dialectisms, colloquialisms, etc.
It depends on the form of dictionary, the purpose of the compilers (compiler), the prospective user of the dictionary, the size of the dictionary, the linguistic comprehension of the dictionary compilers, and other factors. Longman's Dictionary of Modern English (second edition, 1987), for instance, seeks to provide advanced students and teachers of English with pertinent information regarding the vocabulary of contemporary international English. This dictionary contains approximately 56,000 words and phrases, including scientific and technical terminology, business and computer terms, literary terms, and informal and idiomatic expressions. It focuses primarily on the predominant varieties of American and British English. Every time lexicographers release a new edition of Longman's Dictionary of Modern English (fifth edition, 2009), their aim is the same: to improve the English dictionary.
One can obtain inclusive units from other vocabularies, reading, or speaking. The New Oxford English Dictionary, for instance, uses the British national corpus extensively. A corpus is a collection of language data collected for linguistic analysis. The placement of lexical units. There are two methods to present records: alphabetical order and cluster type, in which the included units are categorised according to one of two principles. In synonym books, for instance, words are organised into synonym sets, with the set's primary member serving as the entry's headword.
In some explanation and translation dictionaries, entries can be grouped into word families with the same root, for example. Basic units are presented as main entries in alphabetical order, while words and phrases are presented as suffixes or within the same entry. A record-setting achievement. In general explanation dictionaries, synchronous type is the most difficult access method. In such dictionaries, the entry typically includes the following: accepted spelling and pronunciation; grammatical features,
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including the part of speech of each input word, whether nouns are countable or uncountable, transitive/intransitive verbs, and grammatical forms; meaning types; illustrative examples; phraseology; etymology; occasionally synonyms and antonyms.
Results and discussion
Selecting lexical units is a concern. One of the lexicographer's first challenges is the selection of lexical units for inclusion in dictionaries. The lexicographer will therefore assess the following:
a) what types of lexical units are selected for inclusion; b) the number of these elements; c) what can be selected and deleted from the dictionary; d) whether the dictionary should reflect spoken or written language, or both; and e) whether the dictionary should include obsolete units, technical terms, dialectisms, colloquialisms, etc.
It depends on the type of dictionary, the purpose of the compilers (compiler), the intended dictionary user, the extent of the dictionary, and the linguistic proficiency of the dictionary compilers, among other variables. Longman's Dictionary of Modern English (second edition, 1987), for example, aims to provide advanced students and instructors of English with relevant information regarding the vocabulary of contemporary international English. This dictionary contains roughly 56,000 words and phrases, such as scientific and technical terminology, business and computer terms, literary terms, and informal and idiomatic expressions. It concentrates predominantly on the American and British English dialects that are most prevalent. Each time lexicographers publish a new edition of Longman's Dictionary of Modern English (fifth edition, 2009), their objective is the same: to enhance the English dictionary.
One can obtain inclusive units through other vocabularies, reading, and speaking. The British national corpus is used extensively by the New Oxford English Dictionary, for example. A corpus is a collection of language data collected for the purpose of linguistic analysis, including the placement of lexical units. There are two ways to present records: alphabetical order and cluster type, in which the included units are classified based on one of two principles. In synonym books, for instance, words are organised into synonym sets, with the primary member of the set functioning as the entry's headword.
In some explanation and translation dictionaries, entries may be grouped into word families with the same root, for instance. Basic units are presented in alphabetical order as the
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primary entries, whereas words and phrases are presented as suffixes or within the same entry. A feat that breaks records. The most difficult access mechanism for general explanation dictionaries is synchronous type. In such dictionaries, the entry typically includes: accepted spelling and pronunciation; grammatical features, such as the part of speech of each input word, whether nouns are countable or uncountable, transitive/intransitive verbs, and grammatical forms; meaning types; illustrative examples; phraseology; etymology; occasionally synonyms and antonyms. Conclusion
In conclusion, lexicography still faces problems, but their resolution depends on the lexicographer's methodology. There should be no ambiguity in dictionary definitions; they should provide a sense of the meaning of the term. When characterising a word in a constructive dictionary, it is necessary to disclose the true semantic characteristics that lie beneath the lexical meaning. Therefore, the interpretation of the lexical meaning of the word continues to be one of the most important theoretical issues in contemporary lexicography and semasiology.
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