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УДК 62:74
Akromova M.S., master Tashkent institute of architecture and civil engineering
CREATING A LANDSCAPE SOLUTION TO THE TOURIST ROUTE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Annotation: This article is about "Uzbekistan tourist route " purposing to develop aesthetically pleasing landscape design projects along the Tashkent-Samarkand highway, providing services to the population and tourists visiting our country using innovative landscape and design solutions centers, as well as recreation areas, ornamental plant species used in extreme conditions in landscaping.
Keywords: Tashkent, Samarkand, architecture, Great Silk Road, population, tourist route, architecture, monuments, pilgrimage tourism, introduction, "design code".
In the Uzbekistan President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 2019 APPENDIX 5 to the Decree No. PF-5781 of August 13, "Investment proposals for the construction and reconstruction of roads along the tourist routes of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been submitted and a road map has been developed.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 27, 2020 No PF-6119 "On approval of the Strategy of modernization, accelerated and innovative development of the construction industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2021-2025" to ensure the implementation of the "development and implementation of a regional" design code "by July 1, 2022, taking into account the purpose of the elements of the urban environment, traditional architecture and culture, as well as the natural and climatic conditions of the place" The decision was made. Much attention was paid to the development of a "design code" and the creation of a unique architectural and artistic look, taking into account the national architecture of the elements of the urban environment and the weather conditions in the area.
The tasks of the Tashkent-Samarkand tourist routes in the seasonal change of the city, the reconstruction of the roadside and the solution of key and priority issues in the solution of the landscape are:
- Taking into account the harsh continental climate of the country in the reconstruction of the Tashkent-Samarkand tourist routes, analysis of quality and environmentally friendly raw materials that are resistant to snow, rain and hot summer days;
- The use of ornamental trees and shrubs in accordance with the climatic conditions of the region, as well as medicinal plants that attract foreign tourists, taking into account the seasonal changes in the urban space;
- To study the economic efficiency of the use of local and introduced ornamental plants from an economic point of view as a result of seasonal changes in urban space;
-Selection of ornamental plants depending on the climatic conditions of the region, their advantages and peculiarities;
-Study of the terrain of tourist routes with different relief routes.
Samarkand is located in the central part of Uzbekistan. Samarkand region is one of the leaders in the country in terms of population and gross industrial output. Due to its natural geographical location, it is located in the middle part of the Zarafshan valley, surrounded on three sides by the Nurata, Turkestan and Zarafshan ridges. The mountain ranges block the flow of cold air from the north. Precipitation is heavier (250-800 mm). There are almost no sandy areas. Gray and meadow-alluvial soils cover a large area.
Seasonal changes in the city play an important role in creating the architectural environment of the Tashkent-Samarkand highway. The city's climate is continental, with cold winters and hot and dry summers. Descriptions of climatic elements can be obtained from the analysis of meteorological data. Tashkent is one of the sunny cities. The average solar exposure time is 2,870 hours per year. During the year, it varies from 110 hours (December) to 390 hours (July). Sunless days average 36 days a year. The average annual temperature is 13.8 degrees. The weather in Tashkent is hot and stable in summer. The hottest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 27 degrees. The highest summer temperature was 44.6 degrees Celsius in 1997. Winter weather is relatively unstable and changeable. The coldest month is January, when the average temperature is -0.6 degrees Celsius and the lowest temperature is -29.5 degrees Celsius (1930-1931) [1,].
Theoretical foundations of research in the field of architectural and constructive principles of design of objects of architectural environment in urban planning, hot and dry climates J.E. Aronina, N.M. Bachinskiy, L. Korbyuze, G. Lipsmayer, E.R. Kryukova, V.A. Lavrov, B.D. Mamedsahatova, M. Mexta, V.A. Nielsen, N.V. Obolenskiy, B.S. Saini, B.S. Singa, A.N. Rimshi, V.M. Firsanova, E. Xarkness, Sh. Shen, A. Esenova.
As mentioned above, due to the climate, there are seasonal changes in each city and populations at the change of seasons. Along with the creation of a guide for tourists traveling on tourist routes to create an architectural environment of tourist routes, including architectural monuments, road maps and flora of Uzbekistan, with extensive use of ornamental plants of the country in landscape solutions. [2]. the creation of small architectural facilities on the roads, including ergonomically world-class parking lots, architectural facilities of roadside prayer rooms for pilgrims.
The obsolescence of old buildings does not allow to keep the urban environment in its original state. These issues need to be addressed, as well as
the problem of traditional eastern cities where dialectical communication has been lost.
Unfortunately, the existence of negative experience on this issue and its popularity should also be taken into account. There are different views on the solution of this problem in the country, which requires the reduction of research boundaries and delimitation of urban areas. [3].The changing color of the unique and irreversible urban environment is a cause for concern for many professionals.
If we look at the principles of urban planning, which have been formed over the centuries, taking into account the climate of our country, we can see that the hot sun has affected not only the structure of the streets, but the whole city. Therefore, the peculiarities of cities located in hot and dry areas are narrow and shady streets, high-density buildings, indoor composite and courtyard residential and public buildings.
Markets on narrow and crooked streets, created by hot sunstroke, hot and dry weather, are covered with a variety of shading coverings.Due to the density of the building and the boundary walls, as well as water bodies, a unique microclimate is created in the urban environment. [1,4].
Today, new types of design, urban planning and landscaping methods allow to give a unique look by the architect to the densely packed, indoor courtyard composite buildings. In doing so, the architect must make effective use of small architectural forms. Because the roads of modern cities disrupt harmony with narrow and shady streets. Similarly, the presence of large and vast areas in modern cities is not in harmony with the general structure of eastern cities.
Experts emphasize the importance of landscaping, which is one of the small architectural forms, in solving the above problem. This is because landscaping, planting large and small trees prevents large scale disturbances by large areas and restores balance. Also, taking into account the local climate, landscaping creates convenience for the population. [5].
The demand for elements of small architectural forms of modern cities is very high. This in turn raises the question of what elements of small architectural forms should look like in Central Asian cities [6].At the stage of transition to practical work by finding a theoretical solution to the problem, it is important to achieve a harmonious combination of elements of small architectural forms and landscaping. First of all, it is necessary to typologically classify the urban area, which in turn allows to clearly define the work of architects, designers and painters-sculptors and to achieve mutual harmony[5,7].
Extensive use of endangered local vegetation in the development of landscaping around the Tashkent-Samarkand tourist route, enrichment of transport areas with ornamental trees, perennials, as a novelty in urban landscape design - Extensive use of art objects with an approach to historical aspects, garden parks, including tourist routes, design the area around the
highways based on the city design codes, taking into account the winter season, developing a sewage solution in our rainy days, landscaping the main roadside landscaping solutions with architectural objects lash; it is advisable to create decorative ponds for stormwater runoff to prevent roads from sinking after rain.
References:
1. Websites: www.wikipedia,orexa.com
2. Pulatov Kh.Sh. "Architectural - planning structure of old Tashkent" (late XIX - early XX century) "Tashkent, 1994
3. "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" Tashkent, 2009.
4. Abdulaziz Muhammadkarimov "Tashkentnoma", Tashkent-2004
5.Pulatov KH.Sh. "Architectural monuments of Uzbekistan" Tashkent 2015 6.Sadikova S.N. "The concept of the revival of the gardening art of the Temurids in landscape architecture. Architecture of buildings and structures " Tashkent 2018
7. Websites: www.Shosh.uz, www.wikipedia,orexa.com
