CC BY
3
Ibragimov I.I.
Khalimov A.O. assistant
Fergana Polytechnic Institute Uzbekistan, Fergana
COMMUNITY CENTER, RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE SOLUTIONS AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS IN BUILDING DESIGN
Annotation: Landscaping of residential areas, landscaping is an integral part of the construction industry. It is the designer's job to find the right and effective solution for the area. Problems solved in the area will assess the designer's knowledge and skills.
Keywords: Neighborhood, landscape, housing, architecture, project, population, area, apartment.
Today, the provision of housing with affordable infrastructure has a significant impact on their well-being and quality of life. The development of the social sphere, housing construction and beautification of settlements have always been topical issues in the construction industry.
Over the years, the government has invested a lot of time and money in the construction industry to improve the living standards and quality of life. Development of engineering, road and transport infrastructure, drastic increase in the level and quality of housing and communal services, provision of quality drinking water and systematic sanitation, beautification of settlements, improvement of living conditions, comfortable housing provision is among them. So, we can see that the construction industry is wide-ranging and directly related to human activities.
Ensuring the spiritual and cultural well-being of the people living in the residential area is a unique issue. In order to establish a community center for the population in the region, it is necessary to take into account the population. Design work is carried out through the documents "Rules of urban planning". All construction work is carried out in accordance with the standards set out in these documents.
Schemes and projects of district planning of the system of public centers of settlements, depending on the architectural and planning schemes of the territories of agricultural enterprises, can be developed in the following structure: the public center acting as the inter-village service center; neighborhood centers.
The community center's planning solution involves consolidating areas that are close in function and using larger company models in the construction of the community center to increase savings.
In any case, the rural area is smaller than the urban area, which makes it easier for pedestrians to get to the center. That is why the villages use a monocentric system. Cultural and social services are located in a single community center. In some cases, the school building may also be part of a community center. This allows the adult population to use the school's public rooms, gym and sports fields in the evenings.
For larger indicators, public centers (excluding parks and flat sports facilities) may be designated at a rate of 8-12 m2 / person (larger indicators for residential areas).
Along with the recreation area, the landscape of the area is also important. If the problem of landscaping in the area is solved positively and effectively, it will add a special charm to the appearance of the area.
Today, the architecture of our residential areas depends not only on the application of new and improved architectural design, but also on the architectural classification of buildings under construction in the village, that is, the ensemble and complexity of rural construction. Because it is only such a complex and ensemble, only the buildings in the form of a complete landscape, that add beauty to the beauty of our villages, and allow us to further enhance and improve the beauty of rural construction. Architecture, like a mirror, is a reality that reflects the life of the villagers, their current living standards, socioeconomic status, the level of development of rural society and, finally, their construction culture. Landscape architecture, on the other hand, reflects the material, spiritual and cultural values, aesthetic views and riches of society at all times, in different places and times. is the fruit of his activity. The creative factor of a person is always reflected in the fact that architects work in harmony and harmony with customers and builders, their skill, talent, skills, culture, which in turn depends on their knowledge, professionalism and experience. which is
Prospects for the development of landscape architecture and design of residential areas should be determined in accordance with the specialization of agricultural enterprises in the regions, rural land use schemes and projects, the formation of rural agro-industrial complexes, taking into account urban planning and landscape planning. It should be ensured that the network of public service enterprises and institutions in rural areas consists of a single system that covers all settlements, workplaces and recreation areas. The general principles of formation of the structure of urban planning and landscape planning of the territory of rural settlements take into account the climatic zoning of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan (deserts, desert oases, foothills, newly developed lands and mountains) (QMQ 2.01.01- 94 in accordance with "Climatic and Physico-Geological Data for Design"). The planning of rural settlements and agricultural enterprises should be based on the concise location and interconnection of the territorial functional zone, rational planning in accordance with the community centers, engineering and transport infrastructure of the
region, its effective use depending on the location of the region in terms of urban planning. , it is necessary to ensure a comprehensive consideration of the historical architectural and urban traditions of our people, the natural climate, landscape, national and other local peculiarities. Planned solutions and methods of construction of open environments and areas in rural areas of the country, ensuring a favorable microclimate of housing, creating favorable conditions for the villagers to live and work in the desired way, creating optimal conditions for personal subsistence farming and In addition to the economy of the style used, it is also required to have a high architectural and artistic quality. For villages and residential areas, it is necessary to choose higher, sunny places, close to natural water sources, beautiful trees, beautiful landscape, airy, where rainwater does not accumulate. In areas with strong storms and winds, it is advisable to plant tall trees around the dwellings to prevent them, or to choose a place with a lot of forests and trees for this purpose. These factors play an important role in protecting residential areas from dust and dust, sand, cold and dry hot candles, and in keeping the air and environment clean. The use of natural and climatic conditions of the place also plays an important role in enriching the rural landscape architecture and architectural quality. For this purpose, it is especially important to include in the composition of the designed environment the existing green trees, open water basins, beautiful slopes of the terrain. The landscape and the landscape of the villages will be more beautiful when these historical conditions are designed in the historical solution of houses, passages (streets), streets and houses. Establishment of green zones for recreation and public celebrations within the territory of open spaces, architectural and design improvement of such zones and streets and residential areas, giving them an artistic look, general recreation areas works such as connecting with neighborhoods through shady cool walkways can be implemented in conjunction with the above methods as factors that give a rural landscape and a scenic landscape to the entire rural architecture.
An integral part of any building and structure designed to accommodate people or carry out production processes is the availability of engineering systems. It is impossible to build an engineering communications project without creating it. This system provides ease of use of the object.
What are engineering communications?
Modern engineering communications require connection to water supply, sewerage, ventilation, electricity, gas and heating systems in any building. The effectiveness of engineering communications has a direct impact on people's living conditions. All engineering communications require special attention, even at the stage of creating a home project, as they affect the living conditions.
External and internal engineering communications of buildings.
The general type of engineering communications can be divided into 2
types:
1. External networks. If they are outside the house - on the street, near the road. These include power transmission lines, heating networks that provide heat to the population, hydraulic structures, pumping stations, transformer substations.
2. Internal networks. They pass through residential and commercial buildings and structures. These include water, electricity, heating and ventilation.
Installing external engineering communications is a very responsible and difficult step. The conditions and duration of use of engineering communications will depend on the quality of work performed. If cheap and poor quality materials are used, then the service life of utilities will be short. It can also cause serious problems, including accidents and fires.
The process of installing external communications involves a series of earthworks to lay trenches for underground pipes and cables. Such work must be approved by the city services. The main requirements for the installation of engineering systems are determined at the stage of creating a network project.
References:
1) "Landscape architecture" A.S.Uralov, L.A.Adilova. Tashkent 2014.
2) Akhrarovich, Akramov Xusnitdin, Makhkamov Yuldashali Mamajonovich, and Umarov Shodiljon Abdugofurovich. "Development Of Deformations In The Reinforcement Of Beams With Composite Reinforcement." The American Journal of Applied sciences 3.5 (2021): 196-202.
3) Djurayevna, Teshabayeva Nodira. "Influence Of Surface Additives On Strength Indicators Of Cement Systems." The American Journal of Applied sciences 2.12 (2020): 81-85.
4) Tolqin, Akhmedov. "Ancient greek and ancient rome architecture and urban planning." The American Journal of Engineering and Technology 3.06 (2021): 82-87.
5) "Shaharsozlik norma qoidalari" 2.07.01-03 Shaharsozlik. Shahar va qishloq punktlari hududlarini rivojlantirish va qurilishni rejalashtirish.
