CC BY
358
References / Список литературы
1. Gairns Ruth, Redman Stuart. Word Skills: Idioms and Phrasal Verbs (Intermediate). Oxford University Press, 2011. P.p. 35-38.
2. Weinreich U. Problems in the Analysis of Idioms: Substance and Structure of Language. University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, 1984. P. 6.
3. Usmonova D.S. Rol' i osobennost' somaticheskikh frazeologizmov razlichnykh yazykov. // "Mirovaya nauka". № 9 (30), 2019. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://science-j.com/domains_data/files/30/Usmonova3.pdf/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
4. Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. University of Milan-Bicocca, 2003. P.p. 56-59.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STYLISTIC DEVICES OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE POETRY Usmonova D.S.1, Madazimov Kh.M.2 Email: Usmonova17147@scientifictext.ru
1 Usmonova Dona Satvoldievna - Head of Department, ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT;
2Madazimov Khabibullo Muzaffarkhon ugli — Undergraduate, DIRECTION: LINGUISTICS (ENGLISHLANGUAGE), FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article examines the issues of comparative analysis of stylistic devices in the English language poetry. The author of the article believes that frequently used terms in linguistics such as expressive means of language, expressive means of language, stylistic techniques are often used synonymously, and sometimes different content is put into them. Many researchers have repeatedly noted that their most vivid reflection of stylistic devices found in the poetic text. Stylistic devices are means of communicating sentences in the structure of a complex poetic whole. Organizing the connection of microcontext with the surrounding context, stylistic devices perform the text of the forming function, contribute to the overall expressiveness of the poetic text, the organization of its special rhythm.
Keywords: lexical, stylistic, analysis, expressive, means, content, practice, language, norm, reception, linguistics, literary.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЁМОВ В ПОЭЗИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА Усмонова Д.С.1, Мадазимов Х.М.2
1Усмонова Дона Сатволдиевна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра английского языка;
2Мадазимов Хабибулло Музаффархон угли — магистрант, направление: лингвистика (английский язык),
факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает вопросы сравнительного анализа стилистических приёмов в поэзии английского языка. Автор статьи считает, что часто используемые термины в лингвистике, такие как выразительные средства языка, экспрессивные средства языка, стилистические средства, стилистические приемы, часто употребляются синонимически, иногда же в них вкладывается различное содержание. Многие исследователи не раз отмечали, что свое наиболее яркое отражение стилистические приемы находят в поэтическом тексте. Стилистические приемы являются средством связи предложений в структуре сложного поэтического целого. Организуя связь микроконтекста с окружающим контекстом, стилистические приемы выполняют текст образующую функцию,
способствуют повышению общей экспрессивности поэтического текста, организации его особой ритмомелодики.
Ключевые слова: лексический, стилистический, анализ, экспрессивный, средство, содержание, практика, языковой, норма, прием, лингвистика, литературный.
UDC 811.111-26
In linguistics terms are often used: expressive means of language, expressive means of language, stylistic means, stylistic techniques. These terms are often used synonymously, sometimes with different content. It is not easy to draw a clear line between expressive means of language and stylistic devices of language, though there are differences between them [1].
By expressive means of language we will understand such morphological, syntactic and word-formative forms of language that serve for emotional or logical strengthening of speech. These forms of language are worked out by public practice, are conscious of their functional purpose and are recorded in dictionaries. What should be understood as a stylistic device? Before answering this question, we will try to define characteristic features of this concept. The stylistic device is distinguished and thus contrasted with the expressive means by a conscious literary processing of a linguistic fact. This conscious literary processing of language facts, including those we call expressive means of language, has its own history.
Many researchers have repeatedly noted that their most vivid reflection of stylistic device found in the poetic text. Stylistic devices are means of communication proposals in the structure of a complex poetic whole, they contribute to the overall expressiveness of the poetic text, the organization of its special rhythm. In stylistics, there is also such a concept as a poetic device. Most often imagery and expressiveness is achieved through the stylistic use of lexical units. The author uses words in the figurative sense (in the form of metaphors, metonymies, synecdotes or epithets), compares them with the meaning of other words (by comparison), contrasts different meanings within the same word or the meaning of words - homonyms, etc [2].
The author refers to the following poetic methods: epithets, comparison, metaphor, personification, metonymy, lithot, hyperbole, oxymoron, pun, etc.
Poetisms are a heterogeneous layer of words in modern English, including archaisms, which are enlivened by poets in special stylistic tasks, such as the use of words such as whilome, ne, leman and many others in the first verses of the first song "Child-Harold". These archaic poetisms also include forms that are outdated in modern English, such as the 3rd person singular of the present simple tense,
-eth (casteth), and words, one meaning of which is outdated.
For example, in the sentence "Deserted is my own good hall, its hearth is desolate" - the word "hall" has the meaning palace - дворец, замок, дом - which meaning is now archaic.
Here are some examples of the most common poetisms of the English language. Nouns: billow (wave), swain (peasant), main (sea). Appendices: yon (there), staunch (firm), hallowed (holy). Verbs: quit (leave), fare (walk), trow (believe). Past forms of the verbs are preferred: wrought (worked), bade (bid), clad (clothed). Adverbs: haply (perhaps), oft (often), whilome (formerly). Pronouns: thee, ye, aught (anything), naught (nothing). Interjecions: albeit 'although'), ere (before) o'er (over), and others.
In addition to archaisms, poetics include words which, due to their frequent use in poetry, have not become archaisms, i.e., have not become outdated in their use, but have crystallized as certain poetic terminology. In other words, they can be considered as poetic terms. Such words include the words bard poet, woe grief, billow wave, steed and charger horse, and others.
Some neologisms, created by the classics of English poetry and remaining in the sphere of their individual use, should also be referred to as poetisms. Most often these are complex words. Here are some examples of such complex words from Byron's works: goar- faced, dew-drops, sea- mew, long-reluctant, wave- reflected, dark- glancing (daughters), sea- girt (citadel), blood- red, awe- struck (world) and many others [2].
Direct sound imitation is the creation of an independent word in which the combination of sounds is designed to produce the desired sound. Examples of direct sound imitation are the sound imitation words above. There are few such words in a language, and their purpose is not only to name phenomena, but also to reproduce them with a sound recording. For example: ting-tang, ping-pong, tap. These words can be called sound metaphors of the language.
Just like ordinary metaphors, they create an image. However, unlike lexical metaphors, an image is created not by visual, but by sound. The word to mew, just like the Russian word мяукать, not only objectively calls an action related to its producer (a cat), but also creates a sonic image. Hence, direct sound imitation as it is realized in separate words is impossible without realization of subject-logic
meaning. Indirect sound imitation is a reproduction of any sound in nature by means of combination of different sounds in different words [3].
Thus, indirect sound imitation is a special form of alliteration: sounds repeated in different words create an objectively existing sound, causing association with the manufacturer (source) of the sound in the individual perception of the author. For example, in the motor line of the patrol cursor, repeating the sound [p] in different words of this line creates the impression of a knock of the motor. In line: And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain... (E.A. Poe), the alliteration of the sound [s] to some extent (in the individual perception of the poet) reproduces the rustling of a curtain driven by the wind.
References / Список литературы
1. Akramova N.M., Dekhkonboy Nabirasi O. Phraseological euphemisms in modern English // Problemy Nauki, 2019. № 12-2 (145). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/phraseological-euphemisms-in-modern-english/viewer/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
2. Усмонова Д.С. Роль и особенность соматических фразеологизмов различных языков. // "Mirovaya nauka". № 9 (30), 2019. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://science-j.com/domains_data/files/30/Usmonova3.pdf/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
3. Arnold I. V. Stylistics. The modern English language. M. Flinta: Nauka, 2002. P. 384.
CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION Usmonova D.S.1, Orunbаeva U.Sh.2 Email: Usmonova17147@scientifictext.ru
1 Usmonova Dona Satvoldievna - Head of Department,
ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT; 2Orunbаeva Uminiso Sharabidinovna — Undergraduate, DIRECTION: LINGUISTICS (ENGLISH LANGUAGE), FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article highlights conceptual problems of simultaneous nterpretation. The authors of the article consider that working in the simultaneous interpreting mode requires a certain endurance and appropriate training that can develop the translator's verbal reactivity. Further, the description of types of simultaneous interpreting is described, several types of simultaneous interpreting are presented, and tips for simultaneous interpreters are given. The problem of training interpreters, and synchronous interpreters in particular, is one of the most interesting and less developed problems in Uzbekistan.
Keywords: translation, simultaneous, problem, interpretation, training, speech, interpreter, advice, selection, words, reactivity, conference, endurance.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СИНХРОННОГО ПЕРЕВОДА Усмонова Д.С.1, Орунбаева У.Ш.2
1Усмонова Дона Сатволдиевна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра английского языка; 2Орунбаева Уминисо Шарабидиновна — магистрант, направление: лингвистика (английский язык),
факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает концептуальные проблемы синхронного перевода. Авторы статьи считают, для работы в режиме синхронного перевода требуется известная выносливость и соответствующая подготовка, способная выработать речевую реактивность у переводчика. Далее раскрывается описание видов синхронного перевода, представляются несколько его разновидностей, даются советы переводчикам-синхронистам.
