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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BODY PARTS NAMES IN ENGLISH AS PART OF SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGY Usmonova D.S. Email: Usmonova17147@scientifictext.ru
Usmonova Dona Satvoldievna - Head of Department, ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT, FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion presents a typological analysis of body parts names in English as part of somatic phraseology. For many years, the study of foreign languages in our country has remained a highly professional matter, but in our age of globalization there have been not only opportunities, but also an urgent need to study foreign languages by broad layers of the population. However, this process is complicated by the presence of such linguistic phenomenon as phraseological cycles. Nevertheless, phraseologisms enrich speech, make it imaginative, lively and multifaceted. They reflect the original culture of the people, their peculiarities of thinking and worldvision, as well as their history.
Keywords: somatic, analysis, typological, linguistic, phraseological, foreign, phenomenon, study, speech, culture, body parts, association.
ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ НАЗВАНИЙ ЧАСТЕЙ ТЕЛА В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В СОСТАВЕ СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ Усмонова Д.С.
Усмонова Дона Сатволдиевна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра английского языка, факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье представляется типологический анализ названия частей тела в английском языке в составе соматических фразеологизмов. Автор статьи считает, что долгие годы изучение иностранных языков в нашей стране оставалось делом узкопрофессиональным, но в наш век глобализации возникли не только возможности, но и настоятельная необходимость в изучении иностранных языков широкими слоями населения. Однако этот процесс осложняется наличием такого языкового явления, как фразеологические обороты. Тем не менее, фразеологизмы обогащают речь, делают ее образной, живой и многогранной. В них отражается самобытная культура народа, особенности его мышления и мировосприятия, а также его история.
Ключевые слова: соматический, анализ, типологический, языковой, фразеологизмы, иностранный, явление, изучение, речь, культура, части тела, ассоциация.
UDC 811.111-26
Phraseology is one of the brightest and most effective means of language. It is not by chance that it is figuratively called the pearl of speech. Modern phraseological research covers various problems related to the semantics, structure and composition of phraseology, in general, with the features and rules of their functioning. "Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary" defines a phraseological unit as a general name of semantically connected combinations of words and sentences, which, unlike the initial ones in the form of syntactic structures, are not produced in accordance with the general laws of choice and combination of words in the organization of the statement, but are reproduced in speech in a fixed ratio of the semantic structure and a certain lexico-grammatical composition [1].
Phraseological units are speech revolutions consisting of two or more words, having reproducibility, stability of composition and structure, and integral meaning [2].
Linguists began to study somatic (from Greek soma - body) vocabulary in more detail only at the end of XX - beginning of XXI century. The breadth of somatism links with the surrounding world is explained by ontogenetic functional properties of human body parts. Somatisms denote organs, parts of the human body, and take an active part in the formation of phraseologisms. Somatic phraseology is
characterized by the presence of numerous analogues in the languages, which is explained not only by borrowing, but also by general regularities that lead to the appearance of similar in meaning phraseological units, "demonstrating the universal nature of the transfer of somatic lexemes, their functional and semantic dynamics in the composition of phraseological units" [3]. Somatic phraseologisms, in their main mass, represent metaphorical or metonymic turns of speech based on observations of human or animal behavior: step on smb's toes - hitting the senses [4].
Translation of phraseology requires a creative approach. Phraseological turns have their "mentality" - i.e. their national peculiarity and cannot be translated literally. On the other hand, completely rethought phraseological unity will not reflect the originality of thinking of the people. According to the hypothesis of lexical relativity of Sepir-Warf: "the structure of a language is the "denotate" of the structure of thinking and the way by which the addressee speaking a given language cognizes the world around it" [4] . Therefore, when working on a translation of phraseological units, it is recommended to refer to an equivalent, established phraseological unity or to use an analogy appropriate in the context. Thus, when using a foreign language, the addressee should take care of knowing the exact translation of words, maximally converting his speech to the natural speech of the addressee. This is facilitated by the knowledge of phraseology from the lexicological, grammatical, stylistic, phonetic, philosophical, historical, logical and country studies points of view. A rich layer of phraseology, which exists in any language, incredibly decorates speech.
Let us make sure of it by conducting a comparative analysis of the structure and content of phraseological units with the "heart" component based on the semantic and stylistic classification of Academician V.V. Vinogradov. The choice of the component "heart" is due to the fact that this somatism is characterized by high productivity and wide phraseological potential. Phraseological units with this component are quite numerous and have high frequency of use.
The somatic lexeme "soul" of Russian language in English is equivalent to the somatic lexeme "heart" with similar value. Let us consider all variants of translation of the given language unit:
Let us consider all variants of translation of a given language unit:
1. The heart is like an anatomic organ. For example, «heart attack» — «сердечный приступ» или «heartpumps blood» — «сердце перекачивает кровь».
2. The soul is like a spiritual component. For example, «in my heart I know that she is right» — «в душе я знаю, что она права».
3. Courage, courage - like character traits. For example, «dear heart» — «душа моя», «любовь моя», «сердце моё».
4. Love, affection - as an emotional component. For example, «dear heart» — «душа моя», «любовь моя», «сердце моё».
5. Center - from a geographical point of view. For example, «in the heart of Empire» — «в сердце империи».
6. Essence, basis: «the heart of the matter» — «суть дела».
7. The suit of cards is "worms" or a card game similar to whist: «queen of hearts» — «дама червей».
The etymology of the denotate "heart" came from the Old English "heorte" - "root", which in turn became a conversion of the proto-German form of "khertan" - "analysis", resulting in the Old English words: "heorte" and "heart".
«Heart» in the meaning of «любовь земная и небесная, чуткость и доброта» (положительный жизненный опыт):
• «lose one's heart» - «влюбиться» - an idiom;
• «steal smb's heart» - «завоевать чьё-либо сердце» - an idiom;
• «affair of the heart» - «дела сердечные», «любовный роман» - borrowed from the French language «affaire de cœur»;
• «The way to a man's heart is through his stomach» - «путь к сердцу мужчины лежит через его желудок» - a poverb:
• <«Don't let your mind kill your heart and soul» - «Не позволяй своему разуму убить твое сердце и душу» - an aphorism [4].
Our analysis has shown that the somatic lexeme "heart" is mainly the organ of feelings such as sincerity, love, and pain. Somatic phraseological unit is often used to characterize a person's inner world. Also note that the word heart (heart) in both peoples symbolizes feelings, kindness, love. Meanwhile, the Russians more often use the word "soul", and the English - "heart".
References / Список литературы
1. Gairns Ruth, Redman Stuart. Word Skills: Idioms and Phrasal Verbs (Intermediate). Oxford University Press, 2011. P.p. 35-38.
2. Weinreich U. Problems in the Analysis of Idioms: Substance and Structure of Language. University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, 1984. P. 6.
3. Usmonova D.S. Rol' i osobennost' somaticheskikh frazeologizmov razlichnykh yazykov. // "Mirovaya nauka". № 9 (30), 2019. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://science-j.com/domains_data/files/30/Usmonova3.pdf/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
4. Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. University of Milan-Bicocca, 2003. P.p. 56-59.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STYLISTIC DEVICES OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE POETRY Usmonova D.S.1, Madazimov Kh.M.2 Email: Usmonova17147@scientifictext.ru
1 Usmonova Dona Satvoldievna - Head of Department, ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT;
2Madazimov Khabibullo Muzaffarkhon ugli — Undergraduate, DIRECTION: LINGUISTICS (ENGLISHLANGUAGE), FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article examines the issues of comparative analysis of stylistic devices in the English language poetry. The author of the article believes that frequently used terms in linguistics such as expressive means of language, expressive means of language, stylistic techniques are often used synonymously, and sometimes different content is put into them. Many researchers have repeatedly noted that their most vivid reflection of stylistic devices found in the poetic text. Stylistic devices are means of communicating sentences in the structure of a complex poetic whole. Organizing the connection of microcontext with the surrounding context, stylistic devices perform the text of the forming function, contribute to the overall expressiveness of the poetic text, the organization of its special rhythm.
Keywords: lexical, stylistic, analysis, expressive, means, content, practice, language, norm, reception, linguistics, literary.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЁМОВ В ПОЭЗИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА Усмонова Д.С.1, Мадазимов Х.М.2
1Усмонова Дона Сатволдиевна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра английского языка;
2Мадазимов Хабибулло Музаффархон угли — магистрант, направление: лингвистика (английский язык),
факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает вопросы сравнительного анализа стилистических приёмов в поэзии английского языка. Автор статьи считает, что часто используемые термины в лингвистике, такие как выразительные средства языка, экспрессивные средства языка, стилистические средства, стилистические приемы, часто употребляются синонимически, иногда же в них вкладывается различное содержание. Многие исследователи не раз отмечали, что свое наиболее яркое отражение стилистические приемы находят в поэтическом тексте. Стилистические приемы являются средством связи предложений в структуре сложного поэтического целого. Организуя связь микроконтекста с окружающим контекстом, стилистические приемы выполняют текст образующую функцию,
